Chapter in 30 Seconds
Transform your Korean from simple, choppy sentences into fluid, natural storytelling.
- Combine sequential actions using the -고 (go) ending.
- Contrast two different ideas using the -지만 (jiman) ending.
- Build complex sentences to express your personality and daily experiences.
Weave your thoughts together with -고 and -지만.
学べること
Hey friend, ready to take your Korean speaking to the next level? You’ve already mastered a lot of the basics, and now it’s time to connect your sentences and speak like a native. In this exciting chapter, we’re going to learn how to weave your thoughts together with two fantastic tools: -고 and 지만.
First up is -고, which is like magic glue! With it, you can describe several actions happening in sequence or list different things. Imagine you want to say,
I drink coffee, and then I go to work.You won’t need to start a new sentence each time; just use
-고, and the main verb comes at the end. It’s a super efficient way to link actions or facts without overthinking verb conjugations.
Next, we tackle 지만, the king of but and although! This pal helps you combine two contrasting ideas into a single sentence. For instance, if you want to say, "The weather is cold, but it's beautiful, 지만 effortlessly flips the direction of your sentence, allowing you to convey your precise meaning.
Picture yourself in a Korean restaurant, wanting to order both a main dish and a delicious dessert. You could say, I'll eat bibimbap, and then rice cake.Or perhaps you want to express,This food is spicy, but it's very tasty." After this chapter, you’ll be able to link your ideas much more naturally and fluently, no longer needing to use short, choppy sentences. Ready for this big step?
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接続語尾 -고 (〜して、それから)動作を順番に並べたり、特徴をリストアップするときは «-고» を使いましょう。語幹につけるだけで、時制は「最後だけ」につけるのがコツです。
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文章をつなぐ：「〜して」「〜し、」 (-고)複雑なルールなしで、文章をホッチキスのようにつなげる魔法の言葉 «-고» を使いこなしましょう。
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接続語尾：`지만` (しかし、〜けれども)「AだけどB」と言いたい時の魔法の言葉、それが «지만» です！「反対」「意外性」「お断り」など、色んなシーンで «지만», «이지만», «았/었지만» を使いこなしましょう。
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韓国語の「〜だけど・けれども」： `지만` で対照を表す方法文章の流れを「でもね」とガラッと変えたい時は «지만» を使いましょう。直球の「逆説」を表現できます。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
-
1
By the end you will be able to: Combine two daily actions into one fluid sentence using -고.
-
2
By the end you will be able to: Express contrasting opinions about food or weather using -지만.
チャプターガイド
Overview
Hey there, language explorer! Ready to supercharge your Korean grammar and speak more like a native? You've reached an exciting milestone in your A2 Korean journey.
This chapter is all about mastering how to seamlessly link your thoughts, moving beyond short, choppy sentences to create flowing, natural conversations. We're diving into two incredibly useful connective endings: -고 and 지만.
These aren't just fancy additions; they are fundamental tools for expressing complex ideas in Korean. Think of them as your linguistic superglue and pivot, helping you connect actions, describe sequences, and contrast ideas effortlessly. By the end of this guide, you'll be able to articulate
I do this, and then thator
This is good, but that is betterwith confidence, significantly boosting your fluency and comprehension.
Understanding how to use -고 for
and then and 지만 for but/although is crucial for anyone learning Korean. It's a key step in developing your ability to engage in more sophisticated discussions and truly express your nuanced thoughts. Let's unlock these powerful connectors and elevate your Korean speaking to the next level!How This Grammar Works
This chapter introduces two essential tools for linking ideas in A2 Korean: -고 and 지만. Let's break down how each works to help you construct more complex and natural sentences.
First, we have the Connective Ending -고 (and then). This versatile ending is attached directly to the stem of a verb or adjective to connect two clauses. It primarily serves two main functions:
- 1Sequencing actions: It indicates that one action happens after another. The actions are presented in chronological order.
* 밥을 먹고 학교에 가요. (I eat rice, and then I go to school.)
* 책을 읽고 잠을 잤어요. (I read a book, and then I slept.)
Notice that only the *final* verb in the sentence is conjugated for tense or politeness level. The verb before -고 remains in its stem form. This makes Connecting Sentences: And & Then (-고) very efficient!
- 1Listing facts or characteristics: It can also be used to list two or more facts or characteristics about something or someone, without necessarily implying a strict sequence.
* 그 사람은 키가 크고 똑똑해요. (That person is tall and smart.)
* 이 도시는 크고 아름다워요. (This city is big and beautiful.)
Next, let's explore the Connective Ending:
지만 (but, although). This ending is used to connect two contrasting ideas within a single sentence, similar to but or although in English. It is attached directly to the stem of a verb or adjective.* 날씨가 춥지만 예뻐요. (The weather is cold, but it's beautiful.)
* 이 음식은 맵지만 맛있어요. (This food is spicy, but it's delicious.)
* 저는 한국어를 공부하지만 어려워요. (I study Korean, but it's difficult.)
Just like with -고, the verb or adjective stem comes before 지만, and the main conjugation (for tense or politeness) happens on the clause *after* 지만, or on 지만 itself if it's the final ending in a longer construction (though in A2, it's usually followed by another clause). This makes But & Although in Korean: Using
지만 to Contrast Ideas a powerful way to express nuanced thoughts.
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: 저는 커피를 마셨고 그리고 일하러 갔어요.
✓ Correct: 저는 커피를 마시고 일하러 갔어요. (I drank coffee, and then I went to work.)
*Explanation:* When connecting two actions performed by the same subject in a sequence, -고 is preferred over using two separate sentences with 그리고. -고 naturally links them into one fluid thought.
- 1✗ Wrong: 저는 한국어를 공부해요지만 어려워요.
✓ Correct: 저는 한국어를 공부하지만 어려워요. (I study Korean, but it's difficult.)
*Explanation:* 지만 attaches directly to the *verb or adjective stem*, not to an already conjugated verb. Remove the -아요/어요 ending before attaching 지만.
- 1✗ Wrong: 그 영화는 재미있지만요. 슬펐어요.
✓ Correct: 그 영화는 재미있었지만 슬펐어요. (That movie was interesting, but it was sad.)
*Explanation:* While -지만요 can be used for a slightly softer or more polite contrast, the tense of the preceding clause should be correct. Here,
interesting happened in the past like sad, so 재미있었지만 (past tense stem + 지만) is appropriate. Often, 지만 alone is sufficient for A2 level.
Real Conversations
A
A
주말에 뭐 할 거예요? (What are you going to do this weekend?)
B
B
친구를 만나고 영화를 볼 거예요. (I'm going to meet a friend, and then watch a movie.)
A
A
이 가방 예쁘네요! 살 거예요? (This bag is pretty! Are you going to buy it?)
B
B
예쁘지만 너무 비싸요. (It's pretty, but it's too expensive.)
A
A
한국어 수업 어때요? (How's your Korean class?)
B
B
숙제가 많고 좀 어렵지만 재미있어요. (There's a lot of homework and it's a bit difficult, but it's fun.)
Quick FAQ
Q
What's the difference between -고 and 그리고?
-고 connects two clauses within a single sentence, often implying a sequence or simply listing facts. 그리고 is a conjunction that connects two *separate sentences* or independent clauses, similar to and at the beginning of a new sentence.
Q
Can 지만 be used with nouns?
No, 지만 attaches to verb and adjective stems. To express
Noun A, but Noun B,you would use -(이)지만 with the noun, for example, 학생이지만 (I'm a student, but...).
Q
Does -고 always imply a chronological order of actions?
While -고 often implies sequence (
do A, *then* do B), it can also just list concurrent or unrelated facts. For strict chronological order, it's the primary choice.
Q
Can I use 지만 to end a sentence?
Not usually at the A2 level. 지만 is a connective ending, meaning it links two clauses. It's almost always followed by another clause that completes the thought, for example, 춥지만 괜찮아요. (It's cold, but it's okay.)
Cultural Context
In Korean, seamlessly linking ideas with -고 and 지만 is a hallmark of natural and fluent speech. Instead of delivering short, abrupt sentences, Koreans often weave their thoughts together, creating a more cohesive and polite flow. Using these connective endings allows you to maintain consistent politeness levels throughout your sentence, as the main conjugation applies only to the final verb or adjective.
This ability to connect ideas smoothly is highly valued and makes your speech sound much more mature and sophisticated to native speakers.
重要な例文 (4)
1
2
3
4
ヒントとコツ (4)
🎯
もっと自然に話すコツ
日常の動作を3〜4個つなげて話すと、一気にネイティブっぽくなりますよ。 «일어나고, 씻고, 아침 먹고, 학교에 가요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 接続語尾 -고 (〜して、それから)
🎯
「句読点」のイメージ
「-고」は話し言葉の「、」だと思ってください。文を終わらせずに情報を足せます。 «날씨가 덥고 비가 와요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 文章をつなぐ：「〜して」「〜し、」 (-고)
🎯
はっきり比べたいなら「은/는」
二つの対象を比べる時は、主語に「은/는」をつけるとコントラストがはっきりします。「저는 키가 크지만 동생은 작아요（私は背が高いですが、弟は低いです）」のように、自分と弟を対比させてみましょう。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 接続語尾：`지만` (しかし、〜けれども)
🎯
あえて最後まで言わないテクニック
会話の中で「〜なんですけど…」と言い淀む時、語尾を «지만...» で終わらせると、言いにくいニュアンスが伝わります。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語の「〜だけど・けれども」： `지만` で対照を表す方法
重要な語彙 (6)
먹다 (meokda)
to eat
가다 (gada)
to go
춥다 (chupda)
to be cold
맛있다 (masitda)
to be delicious
공부하다 (gongbuhada)
to study
비싸다 (bissada)
to be expensive
Real-World Preview
coffee
Ordering at a Cafe
thumbs-up
Giving an Opinion
Review Summary
- Verb stem + -고
- Verb/Adj stem + -지만
よくある間違い
You should use the verb stem, not the dictionary form, before -고.
Wrong:
먹다고 마셔요
正解:
먹고 마셔요
Ensure you choose the right connector. -고 is for 'and', -지만 is for 'but'.
Wrong:
춥고 예뻐요 (when meaning 'cold but pretty')
正解:
춥지만 예뻐요
Remove the politeness ending (-어요) before adding -지만.
Wrong:
먹어요지만
正解:
먹지만
このチャプターのルール (4)
Next Steps
You've taken a huge step today! Keep practicing these connectors, and you'll be speaking fluently in no time.
Write 5 sentences about your favorite food using -지만.
クイック練習 (6)
昨日のことについて話している正しい文章を選んでください。
正しい文章はどれ？
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 어제 바빴지만 전화를 받았어요.
「昨日」の出来事なので、過去形の「바빴지만」を使う必要があります。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語の「〜だけど・けれども」： `지만` で対照を表す方法
空欄を埋めて、2つの動作をつなげてみましょう。
저는 숙제를 ___ 게임을 해요. (하다 - する)
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 하고
動作を単純に順番に並べる時は、動詞の語幹に「-고」をつけます。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 文章をつなぐ：「〜して」「〜し、」 (-고)
次の文章の間違いを直してください： '저는 학생지만 공부를 안 해요.'
Find and fix the mistake:
저는 학생지만 공부를 안 해요.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저는 학생이지만 공부を 안 해요.
「학생」のようにパッチムで終わる名詞には「이지만」を付けるのがルールです。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語の「〜だけど・けれども」： `지만` で対照を表す方法
「背が高くて頭が良い」と正しく説明しているのはどれ？
正しい文を選んでください：
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 그는 키가 크고 똑똑해요.
最初の形容詞「크다」の語幹に「-고」を1回使い、最後を丁寧な形にします。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 文章をつなぐ：「〜して」「〜し、」 (-고)
過去の文の間違いを見つけて直しましょう。
Find and fix the mistake:
어제 친구를 만났고 영화를 봤어요.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 어제 친구를 만나고 영화를 봤어요.
動作を並べる時は、最初の動詞は基本形の語幹のままにして、最後に過去形を置くのが自然です。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 文章をつなぐ：「〜して」「〜し、」 (-고)
「小さい（작다）」を正しい形にして空欄を埋めてください。
이 방은 ________ 깨끗해요.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 작지만
「小さい」というマイナス要素と「綺麗だ」というプラス要素を対比させているので「지만」が正解です。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 韓国語の「〜だけど・けれども」： `지만` で対照を表す方法
Score: /6
よくある質問 (6)
「〜して」「〜くて」という意味です。 «밥을 먹고, 공부해요» (ご飯を食べて、勉強します) のように、動作や状態をつなぎます。
すごく簡単です！語幹（「다」を取った形）に «-고» をつけるだけ。 «가다» は «가고»、 «많다» は «많고» になります。
はい！でも過去形にするのは文の最後だけでOKです。例えば「食べて寝た」は «먹고 잤어요» と言います。
いいえ。「-고」は単なる並列や順序です。理由を言いたい時は «-아서/어서» を使いましょう。
日本語の「〜けれど」「〜が」にあたる接続語尾です。前の内容と反対のことを後ろで言いたい時に使います。例えば「한국어는 재미있지만 어려워요（韓国語は面白いけれど難しいです）」のように使います。
とっても簡単です！辞書形の「다」を取って、そのまま「지만」を付けるだけ。例えば「먹다」は「먹지만」、「예쁘다」は「예쁘지만」になります。
