B1 · 中級 チャプター 7

Plans, Decisions, and Obligations

4 トータルルール
44 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of planning, deciding, and committing in fluent, natural Korean.

  • Express your personal intentions and future plans.
  • Communicate firm decisions and life choices.
  • State personal obligations and necessities clearly.
Turn your thoughts into clear, decisive action.

学べること

Hey friend! Ready to level up your Korean conversations? This chapter isn't just about wanting something anymore; you're going to learn how to express your plans, firm decisions, and even obligations just like a real Korean speaker. Here, we'll start with initial intentions and thoughts using -(으)려고 하다 (e.g., "I'm thinking of going to Korea

) and learn how to turn them into solid, fixed decisions with 기로 하다 (e.g.,
I've decided to go to Korea and bought my ticket!"). See the difference? You won't be speaking vaguely anymore; your intentions will be crystal clear! Next, we move on to a sense of personal responsibility; those moments when you feel
I gotta study more
yourself, or tell a friend
You really ought to do this
using -아/어야지. These aren't just simple plans; they're a kind of internal commitment! And finally, you'll learn how to objectively state whether an action is necessary or not with -(으)ㄹ 필요가 있다/없다. For instance, when you want to ask,
Do I need to go to work today?
or say, "It's necessary to buy this." With these five golden patterns, you'll be able to speak much more naturally in everyday situations. Imagine planning a trip with friends, or giving practical advice to someone in a tricky situation. This chapter will help you avoid hesitation and express yourself clearly and assertively. So let's go, let's master Korean like it's second nature!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use planning and obligation patterns to describe a weekend schedule to a friend.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome to your next step in mastering Korean grammar! At the B1 Korean level, you're ready to move beyond basic statements and express yourself with greater nuance and precision. This chapter is your key to unlocking more natural and assertive communication, allowing you to articulate your intentions, firm up your decisions, and even express obligations, just like a native speaker.
No more vague wishes – your plans will be crystal clear!
We're going to explore four incredibly useful Korean grammar patterns that will elevate your conversations. You'll learn how to express initial thoughts and intentions using -(으)려고 하다, transform those thoughts into concrete decisions with -기로 하다, talk about what you ought to or have to do with -아/어야지, and objectively state necessities using -(으)ㄹ 필요가 있다/없다. These structures are fundamental for discussing future events, making arrangements, and giving advice in everyday scenarios.
By the end of this guide, you'll be able to confidently plan a trip, discuss responsibilities, and even offer practical suggestions to friends. This isn't just about memorizing rules; it's about gaining the tools to engage more deeply in Korean conversations. Get ready to sound more authentic and express yourself with conviction!

How This Grammar Works

Let's dive into the core of how these powerful Korean grammar patterns function, giving you the ability to express plans, decisions, and obligations with ease.
  1. 1Intention & Plans: -(으)려고 하다
This pattern expresses an intention, a plan, or what one is thinking of doing. It's often a preliminary thought rather than a firm decision.
* If the verb stem ends in a vowel or ㄹ, use -려고 하다.
* If the verb stem ends in a consonant (not ㄹ), use -으려고 하다.
* Example: 저는 한국어를 배우려고 해요. (I am thinking of learning Korean.)
* Example: 친구를 만나려고 했어요. (I was planning to meet a friend.)
  1. 1Decided to / Planned to: -기로 하다
This structure indicates a firm decision or an agreement made. It's stronger than -(으)려고 하다 and implies a commitment.
* Attach -기로 하다 directly to the verb stem.
* Example: 우리는 내일 일찍 만나기로 했어요. (We decided to meet early tomorrow.)
* Example: 다음 주부터 운동하기로 했어요. (I decided to exercise starting next week.)
  1. 1I Ought To / I Gotta: -아/어야지
This pattern expresses a personal sense of obligation, a strong suggestion, or a self-realization of what one should or must do. It often carries a nuance of
I really ought to...
or I gotta...
* If the verb stem ends in ㅏ or ㅗ, use -아야지.
* If the verb stem ends in other vowels, use -어야지.
* If the verb is 하다, it becomes 해야지.
* Example: 이제 숙제를 끝내야지. (I really ought to finish my homework now.)
* Example: 다음부터는 더 열심히 공부해야지. (I gotta study harder next time.)
  1. 1Need to / No need to: -(으)ㄹ 필요가 있다/없다
This pattern objectively states whether something is necessary or not. It's about
there is a need to
or
there is no need to,
rather than a personal desire.
* If the verb stem ends in a vowel or ㄹ, use -ㄹ 필요가 있다/없다.
* If the verb stem ends in a consonant (not ㄹ), use -을 필요가 있다/없다.
* Example: 지금 걱정할 필요가 없어요. (There's no need to worry now.)
* Example: 비행기 표를 예매할 필요가 있어요. (It's necessary to book the plane ticket.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 저는 한국에 가려고 했어요. (when you've already bought tickets)
✓ Correct: 저는 한국에 가기로 했어요. (I decided to go to Korea.)
*Explanation:* -(으)려고 하다 implies an intention or a plan that might still be flexible. If you've made a firm decision, like buying tickets, -기로 하다 is the correct and more natural choice to express that commitment.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 나는 오늘 일해야지. (when stating a simple fact about needing to work)
✓ Correct: 나는 오늘 일해야 해요. (I have to work today.) OR 나는 오늘 일할 필요가 있어요. (It's necessary for me to work today.)
*Explanation:* -아/어야지 carries a strong personal conviction or self-admonishment, like I gotta work! or
I really should work!
For a neutral statement of obligation or necessity, -아/어야 하다 or -(으)ㄹ 필요가 있다 are more appropriate.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 저는 이 책을 살 필요가 있어요. (when you simply want to buy the book)
✓ Correct: 저는 이 책을 사고 싶어요. (I want to buy this book.)
*Explanation:* -(으)ㄹ 필요가 있다 indicates objective necessity ("It's necessary to buy this book for the class"). If it's just a personal desire, use -고 싶다 (
I want to buy this book
).

Real Conversations

A

A

주말에 뭐 할 거예요? (What are you going to do this weekend?)
B

B

친구랑 영화 보러 가려고 해요. (I'm thinking of going to see a movie with a friend.)
A

A

언제 한국어를 공부하기 시작했어요? (When did you start studying Korean?)
B

B

작년부터 매일 한 시간씩 공부하기로 했어요. (I decided to study an hour every day since last year.)
A

A

내일 회의에 꼭 참석해야 할까요? (Do I absolutely have to attend the meeting tomorrow?)
B

B

아니요, 당신은 참석할 필요가 없어요. 제가 대신 갈게요. (No, you don't need to attend. I'll go instead.)
A

A

너무 피곤해요. (I'm so tired.)
B

B

그럼 이제 집에 가서 좀 쉬어야지. (Then you really ought to go home and rest now.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between -(으)려고 하다 and -기로 하다 in B1 Korean grammar?

-(으)려고 하다 expresses an initial intention or plan ("I'm thinking of doing X

), while -기로 하다 signifies a firm decision or agreement that has been made (
I've decided to do X").

Q

Can -아/어야지 be used to tell someone else what they ought to do?

Yes, it can, but it often carries a strong, sometimes slightly informal, tone of suggestion or exhortation, similar to You really should... or You gotta... It's commonly used with close friends or in self-talk.

Q

Is -(으)ㄹ 필요가 있다 interchangeable with -아/어야 하다?

While both express necessity, -(으)ㄹ 필요가 있다 highlights the objective need or requirement for something, whereas -아/어야 하다 emphasizes a stronger, more direct obligation or must-do.

Cultural Context

In Korean culture, expressing plans and decisions often reflects a blend of personal intention and consideration for others. While -(으)려고 하다 allows for a soft declaration of intent, -기로 하다 solidifies commitments, which is highly valued. The use of -아/어야지 often signifies a strong personal resolve or a heartfelt, sometimes slightly informal, piece of advice.
-(으)ㄹ 필요가 있다/없다 provides an objective and polite way to discuss necessities, fitting well within a communication style that values clarity without being overly demanding. These patterns help navigate social interactions smoothly, whether you're making plans with friends or discussing responsibilities.

重要な例文 (6)

1

지금 막 나가려고 했어요.

今ちょうど出かけようとしていたところです。

意図と計画：〜するつもりです (-(으)려고 하다)
2

이번 주말에 쇼핑하려고 해요.

今週末にショッピングしようと思っています。

意図と計画：〜するつもりです (-(으)려고 하다)
3

이제 슬슬 가야지.

そろそろ行かなきゃ。

～しなくちゃ / ～すべきだ (-아야지)
4

학생이면 공부를 해야지!

学生なら当然勉強しなきゃ！

～しなくちゃ / ～すべきだ (-아야지)
5

Geok-jeong-hal pil-yo eop-seo-yo. Da jal doel geo-ye-yo.

心配する必要はありません。すべてうまくいきますよ。

〜する必要がある/ない (을 필요가 있다)
6

I aep-eul eop-de-i-teu-hal pil-yo-ga i-sseo-yo?

このアプリをアップデートする必要がありますか？

〜する必要がある/ない (을 필요가 있다)

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

会話での省略テクニック

カジュアルなメッセージでは最後の '하다' を省略して «자려고요» (寝ようと思って) や «가려고» (行こうと思って) だけで済ませるのが今どきです。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 意図と計画：〜するつもりです (-(으)려고 하다)
💬

韓国式の「約束」

レストランで注文が決まったか聞く時は「決定した？」と聞きますが、事前に決めていた予定ならこの表現を使います。 «뭐 먹기로 했어?»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜することにした / 〜することになった (-기로 하다)
💬

おじさん・おばさんっぽい雰囲気

「あー、疲れた、もう帰らないと…」みたいに、独り言で「에휴, 가야지...」と言うと、ちょっと疲れたおじさんやおばさんのような、味のある雰囲気が出せます。親しみやすいけれど、特定のニュアンスがありますよ。「에휴, 가야지...」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ～しなくちゃ / ～すべきだ (-아야지)
💡

助詞を省略してナチュラルに！

会話では「가」を抜いて言うのが一般的です。 «할 필요 없어» と言うだけで、ぐっとネイティブっぽい響きになりますよ。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜する必要がある/ない (을 필요가 있다)

重要な語彙 (5)

결심하다 (gyeolsimhada) to decide 계획 (gyehoek) plan 책임 (chaegim) responsibility 필요 (pilyo) necessity 생각하다 (saenggakhada) to think

Real-World Preview

calendar

Planning the Weekend

Review Summary

  • Verb + (으)려고 하다
  • Verb + 기로 하다
  • Verb + -아/어야지
  • Verb + (으)ㄹ 필요가 있다

よくある間違い

Decisions are usually completed actions, so use past tense.

Wrong: 먹기로 해요 (I decided to eat - when already done)
正解: 먹기로 했어요 (I decided to eat)

Double-check the negative vs positive ending.

Wrong: 갈 필요가 없어요 (I need to go)
正解: 갈 필요가 있어요 (I need to go)

Do not add '하다' to -아/어야지; it is already a complete thought.

Wrong: 공부해야지 하다
正解: 공부해야지

Next Steps

You've done an incredible job today! Keep practicing these patterns, and you'll soon be speaking with the confidence of a native speaker.

Record yourself talking about your plans for the next week.

Continue to: Describing States and Completed Actions

クイック練習 (9)

空欄に適切な「意志」の形を入れてください。

저는 내년에 한국에 ___ 해요. (가다 - 行く)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가려고
가다は母音で終わるので、そのまま -려고 を付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 意図と計画：〜するつもりです (-(으)려고 하다)

次の文の間違いを直してください。

케이크를 만들으려고 해요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 만들려고 해요
만들다はㄹパッチムで終わるため、 으 を入れずに 려고 を直接付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 意図と計画：〜するつもりです (-(으)려고 하다)

強い自分への誓いのような響きがする文はどれでしょう？

You want to say 'I gotta wake up early tomorrow!'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 내일 일찍 일어나야지!
選択肢2は「-아야지」を使っており、強い決意や自分との約束を示しています。選択肢1は単なる未来の予定、選択肢3は他人への命令です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ～しなくちゃ / ～すべきだ (-아야지)

間違いを修正してください。

저는 새 차가 살 필요가 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저는 새 차를 살 필요가 있어요.
「買う(살)」の目的語なので、助詞は「를」を使うのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜する必要がある/ない (을 필요가 있다)

正しい文章を選んでください。

「食べる必要はありません」を韓国語にすると？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 먹을 필요가 없어요.
「먹다」は子音で終わるので「을」を使い、存在しないことを表す「없다」を繋げます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜する必要がある/ない (을 필요가 있다)

丁寧さのレベルを修正しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

Talking to a teacher: '선생님, 저도 가야지.' (Teacher, I gotta go too.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 선생님, 저도 가야지요。
目上の人には「-요」を付ける必要があります。「가야지요」（または「가야죠」）が正しい丁寧形です。ただの「가야지」では失礼になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ～しなくちゃ / ～すべきだ (-아야지)

空欄に適切な形を入れてください。

지금 당장 ___ 필요는 없어요. (가다 - 行く)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 갈
「가다」は母音で終わるので、「ㄹ」を付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜する必要がある/ない (을 필요가 있다)

「家に帰る」の正しい形を使って文を完成させましょう。

It's late, I really ___ now. (집에 ___.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가야지
「가야지」は、時間が遅いので「帰るべきだ」という義務や意思を表しています。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ～しなくちゃ / ～すべきだ (-아야지)

「本を読もうと思っています」という正しい文を選んでください。

正しい文を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 책을 읽으려고 해요.
읽다（読む）にはパッチムがあるので、 -으려고 を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 意図と計画：〜するつもりです (-(으)려고 하다)

Score: /9

よくある質問 (6)

«-(으)러» は「行く・来る」などの移動動詞と一緒にしか使えませんが、 «-(으)려고» はどんな動詞とも一緒に使えて「意図」そのものを表します。
「〜しようとするつもりです」のような «-(으)려고 할 거예요» は不自然です。今の計画を言うなら «-(으)려고 해요» だけで十分です。
直接は使えません。「幸せにすることにする」とは言えないので、まずは「〜くなる」という動詞に変える必要があります。 «행복해지기로 하다» のようにしましょう。
「-(으)려고 하다」は「〜しようと思う」という意図ですが、「기로 하다」は「〜することにした」という確定した決定を表します。後者の方が意志が強いです。
似ていますが、「〜しなければならない」は通常「-아/어야 해요」を使います。「-아/어야지」は「〜すべきだ」「〜しなきゃ」という、個人の意志や判断がより強く含まれます。「«규칙이니까 해야 해»(規則だからやらなきゃいけない)」ではなく、「«내 생각엔 해야지»(私の考えではやるべきだ)」というニュアンスです。
はい、使えますよ！例えば「잘 해야지」と言うと、「うまくやるぞ」とか「絶対うまくやってみせる」という強い決意を表します。単なる未来形よりも、もっと力強い意思表示になりますね。「잘 해야지」
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Describing States and Completed Actions
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