Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of timing and order to narrate your life in Korean with total precision.
- Sequence events chronologically using before, after, and completion markers.
- Calculate time durations since a specific life event or action.
- Describe repeated habits and immediate reactions using natural native expressions.
学べること
Hey friend! Ready to speak Korean effortlessly and never get stuck on the timing and order of actions again? This chapter is your key to more natural conversations!
Here, you'll master how to precisely sequence actions using structures like _기 전에 (before doing...), _ㄴ/은 후에 (after doing...), and _고 나서 (after one task is completely finished...). This way, when you want to say 'I ate breakfast before going to school' or 'I'll call you after work,' your words will be clear and accurate.
You'll also learn to express how much time has passed since an action with _ㄴ/은 지 + time + 되다, allowing you to say things like 'It's been two years since I came to Korea.' Plus, you'll articulate repeated actions using _ㄹ/을 때마다 (whenever...) and sound more advanced by using _ㄴ/은/는 대로 to mean 'as soon as...' or 'exactly according to...'
Imagine narrating your day or giving cooking instructions; without these essential structures, your explanations would be vague and disjointed. By the end of this chapter, you'll fluently and confidently describe events with perfect chronological order and detail. Get ready to elevate your Korean and sound just like a native speaker! Let's dive in!
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〜する前に... (-기 전에)動詞の語幹に «기 전에» をそのままつければ、動作の順番をスムーズに説明できます。名詞なら «전에» だけでOK！
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順序立てて話す：「〜した後に」(ㄴ/은 후에)「ㄴ/은 후에」を使えば、一つの動作を完了させてから次へ進む流れをスッキリ伝えられます。 «ㄴ/은 후에» や «후에» が順番を整理する鍵です。
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順序：〜し終わってから (-고 나서)一つの動作が100%終わってから次へ進む時に使いましょう。 «-고 나서» を使えば、テキパキした印象になります！
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〜してから（経過時間） (-(으)ㄴ 지)「-(으)ㄴ 지」＋「時間」＋「되다」をセットで覚えて、「〜してから〜になる」という期間を伝えよう！
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〜するたびに：繰り返される動作 (-ㄹ/을 때마다)「-ㄹ/을 때마다」は、何かを「するたびに」いつも決まったことが起こる、そんな繰り返しの状況を説明するのにとっても便利ですよ！
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〜するやいなや / 〜通りに (-ㄴ/은/는 대로)未来の約束なら «-는 대로»、過去の再現なら «-ㄴ/은 대로» を使いましょう。名詞につく «마음대로»（思い通りに）も超便利です！
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Narrate a daily routine using complex sequencing markers.
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2
By the end you will be able to: Express personal history and habits using time-elapsed and repeated action structures.
チャプターガイド
Overview
before doing X, after doing Y, "it's been Z time since A happened, and even whenever B occurs."How This Grammar Works
before doing... You attach it to a verb stem to indicate an action that precedes another.after doing..., we have -ㄴ/은 후에. Use -ㄴ 후에 if the verb stem ends in a vowel or ㄹ, and -은 후에 if it ends in a consonant.after finishing A, then B.The key difference is that -고 나서 emphasizes the completion of the first action before the second one begins, often implying a slight pause or deliberate transition.
whenever... or every time..., use -ㄹ/을 때마다. Attach -ㄹ 때마다 to verb stems ending in a vowel or ㄹ, and -을 때마다 to those ending in a consonant.as soon as... or exactly according to.... For as soon as, use -는 대로 with present tense verbs. For according to, use -ㄴ/은 대로 with past tense verbs or -대로 with nouns.
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: 숙제하는 후에 게임을 할 거예요. (I will play games after doing homework.)
- 1✗ Wrong: 한국에 오는 지 1년 됐어요. (It's been one year since I came to Korea.)
- 1✗ Wrong: 점심을 먹은 고 나서 커피 마셨어요. (I drank coffee after eating lunch.)
Real Conversations
A
B
A
B
A
B
Quick FAQ
What's the main difference between -ㄴ/은 후에 and -고 나서?
While both mean after, -고 나서 often emphasizes a more complete finish of the first action and can imply a slight pause before the second, whereas -ㄴ/은 후에 is a more general after.
Can -기 전에 be used with nouns?
Yes, you can use 명사 + 전에 to mean before [noun/event], like 수업 전에 (before class) or 식사 전에 (before meal).
How is -ㄹ/을 때마다 different from just -ㄹ/을 때?
-ㄹ/을 때 means when or
at the time of,referring to a specific instance or period. -ㄹ/을 때마다 specifically means
whenever or every time, indicating a repeated action or occurrence.
Is -ㄴ/은/는 대로 only for immediate actions?
Not always. While -는 대로 is often used for as soon as, -ㄴ/은 대로 (with past tense verbs) and -대로 (with nouns) mean exactly as or according to, referring to conformity rather than immediacy.
Cultural Context
重要な例文 (8)
ヒントとコツ (4)
時制のワナに注意！
기 전에 の前の動詞には、絶対に過去形や未来形を入れないでください。 갔기 전에 とは言わず、文の最後で時制を決めます。 «가기 전에 먹었어요.»「〜してから」のショートカット
過去形は最後に！
スペースの罠
重要な語彙 (5)
Real-World Preview
Planning a Dinner
Review Summary
- Verb + 기 전에
- Verb + (으)ㄴ 후에
- Verb + 고 나서
- Verb + (으)ㄴ 지 + Time + 되다
- Verb + ㄹ/을 때마다
- Verb + (으)ㄴ/는 대로
よくある間違い
You must use the past modifier form (은/ㄴ) before 후에, not the base form.
Whenever is for repeated habits, not for a one-time future event.
In Korean, when talking about time since an event, we use the verb '되다' (to become).
このチャプターのルール (6)
Next Steps
You've successfully mastered the timeline of Korean! Keep practicing these structures in your daily speech.
Write a 5-sentence paragraph about your morning routine.
クイック練習 (10)
손을 ___ 밥을 먹어요. (洗う - 씻다)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 順序：〜し終わってから (-고 나서)
正しいのはどれ？
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜してから（経過時間） (-(으)ㄴ 지)
Choose the best sentence:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜するたびに：繰り返される動作 (-ㄹ/을 때마다)
매운 음식을 _______ 물을 많이 마셔요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜するたびに：繰り返される動作 (-ㄹ/을 때마다)
영화가 ______ 전화해 주세요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜するやいなや / 〜通りに (-ㄴ/은/는 대로)
正しい順序と活用を選んでください。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 順序立てて話す：「〜した後に」(ㄴ/은 후에)
아침에 일어나는 대로 샤ワー했어요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜するやいなや / 〜通りに (-ㄴ/은/는 대로)
Find and fix the mistake:
여행을 갈 때마나 사진을 찍어요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜するたびに：繰り返される動作 (-ㄹ/을 때마다)
Find and fix the mistake:
영화를 봤고 나서 커피를 마셨어요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 順序：〜し終わってから (-고 나서)
서울에 살은 지 5년 됐어요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜してから（経過時間） (-(으)ㄴ 지)
Score: /10
よくある質問 (6)
기 전에 の使いやすいところです。 «가다» も «먹다» も、語幹にそのまま付けるだけですよ。되다（なる）を使うのは自然です。
