B1 · متوسط فصل 6

Sequencing and Timing Actions

6 القواعد الإجمالية
66 أمثلة
5 دقيقة
القواعد في هذا الفصل تدريب سريع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of timing and order to narrate your life in Korean with total precision.

  • Sequence events chronologically using before, after, and completion markers.
  • Calculate time durations since a specific life event or action.
  • Describe repeated habits and immediate reactions using natural native expressions.
Time your talk and own the conversation flow!

ما ستتعلمه

Hey friend! Ready to speak Korean effortlessly and never get stuck on the timing and order of actions again? This chapter is your key to more natural conversations! Here, you'll master how to precisely sequence actions using structures like _기 전에 (before doing...), _ㄴ/은 후에 (after doing...), and _고 나서 (after one task is completely finished...). This way, when you want to say 'I ate breakfast before going to school' or 'I'll call you after work,' your words will be clear and accurate. You'll also learn to express how much time has passed since an action with _ㄴ/은 지 + time + 되다, allowing you to say things like 'It's been two years since I came to Korea.' Plus, you'll articulate repeated actions using _ㄹ/을 때마다 (whenever...) and sound more advanced by using _ㄴ/은/는 대로 to mean 'as soon as...' or 'exactly according to...' Imagine narrating your day or giving cooking instructions; without these essential structures, your explanations would be vague and disjointed. By the end of this chapter, you'll fluently and confidently describe events with perfect chronological order and detail. Get ready to elevate your Korean and sound just like a native speaker! Let's dive in!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Narrate a daily routine using complex sequencing markers.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Express personal history and habits using time-elapsed and repeated action structures.

دليل الفصل

نظرة عامة

Welcome, future Korean language masters! Are you ready to unlock a whole new level of fluency and express yourself with crystal-clear precision? This chapter is your ultimate guide to mastering sequencing and timing actions in Korean, a crucial skill for any B1 level learner aiming for natural conversations.
No more vague descriptions – you'll learn to articulate exactly when things happen, making your narratives engaging and easy to follow.
Understanding how to properly order events is fundamental to sounding like a native speaker. Whether you're recounting your day, giving directions, or sharing future plans, these Korean grammar B1 structures will equip you to speak with confidence. We'll delve into essential patterns that allow you to say before doing X, after doing Y, "it's been Z time since A happened, and even whenever B occurs."
By the end of this journey, you’ll effortlessly use grammar points like -기 전에, -ㄴ/은 후에, -고 나서, -(으)ㄴ 지, -ㄹ/을 때마다, and -ㄴ/은/는 대로. These aren't just rules; they're your tools to transform simple sentences into sophisticated expressions, enhancing your overall communicative competence in Korean. Let's make your Korean sound more natural and precise than ever before!

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

Let's break down the core grammar structures that will help you perfectly sequence and time actions in Korean.
First up, -기 전에 means before doing... You attach it to a verb stem to indicate an action that precedes another.
* 밥 먹기 전에 손을 씻으세요. (Please wash your hands before eating.)
* 자기 전에 책을 읽어요. (I read a book before sleeping.)
Next, for actions that happen after doing..., we have -ㄴ/은 후에. Use -ㄴ 후에 if the verb stem ends in a vowel or ㄹ, and -은 후에 if it ends in a consonant.
* 숙제를 한 후에 친구를 만났어요. (I met a friend after doing homework.)
* 점심을 먹은 후에 산책했어요. (I took a walk after eating lunch.)
Closely related is -고 나서, which also means
after finishing A, then B.
The key difference is that -고 나서 emphasizes the completion of the first action before the second one begins, often implying a slight pause or deliberate transition.
* 영화를 보고 나서 저녁을 먹었어요. (I ate dinner after watching the movie [and finishing it].)
* 졸업하고 나서 바로 취직했어요. (I got a job right after graduating.)
To express "it's been [time] since...", we use -(으)ㄴ 지. Attach -ㄴ 지 to verb stems ending in a vowel or ㄹ, and -은 지 to those ending in a consonant, followed by a time duration and 되다.
* 한국에 온 지 1년 됐어요. (It's been one year since I came to Korea.)
* 그 사람을 만난 지 오래됐어요. (It's been a long time since I met that person.)
For whenever... or every time..., use -ㄹ/을 때마다. Attach -ㄹ 때마다 to verb stems ending in a vowel or ㄹ, and -을 때마다 to those ending in a consonant.
* 저는 피곤할 때마다 커피를 마셔요. (Whenever I'm tired, I drink coffee.)
* 주말마다 공원에 가요. (I go to the park every weekend.)
Finally, -ㄴ/은/는 대로 can mean as soon as... or exactly according to.... For as soon as, use -는 대로 with present tense verbs. For according to, use -ㄴ/은 대로 with past tense verbs or -대로 with nouns.
* 도착하는 대로 연락 주세요. (Please contact me as soon as you arrive.)
* 들은 대로 말해 주세요. (Please tell me exactly as you heard it.)
* 계획대로 진행합시다. (Let's proceed according to the plan.)

الأخطاء الشائعة

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 숙제하는 후에 게임을 할 거예요. (I will play games after doing homework.)
✓ Correct: 숙제를 한 후에 게임을 할 거예요. (I will play games after doing homework.)
*Explanation:* When using -ㄴ/은 후에, the verb before it should be in its past participial form (-ㄴ/은), not the present progressive (-는). This correctly indicates the completion of the first action.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 한국에 오는 지 1년 됐어요. (It's been one year since I came to Korea.)
✓ Correct: 한국에 온 지 1년 됐어요. (It's been one year since I came to Korea.)
*Explanation:* The -(으)ㄴ 지 construction requires the past participial form of the verb (-ㄴ/은), not the present progressive (-는). This correctly marks the starting point of the time elapsed.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 점심을 먹은 고 나서 커피 마셨어요. (I drank coffee after eating lunch.)
✓ Correct: 점심을 먹고 나서 커피 마셨어요. (I drank coffee after finishing lunch.)
*Explanation:* -고 나서 attaches directly to the verb stem, not to the past participial form. The -고 itself implies the completion of the first action.

محادثات حقيقية

A

A

우리 영화 보기 전에 저녁 먹을까요? (Shall we eat dinner before watching the movie?)
B

B

네, 좋아요! 저녁 먹은 후에 영화 보러 가요. (Yes, sounds good! Let's go watch the movie after eating dinner.)
A

A

한국어 공부한 지 얼마나 됐어요? (How long has it been since you started studying Korean?)
B

B

한국어 공부한 지 6개월 됐어요. 새로운 단어를 배울 때마다 재미있어요! (It's been 6 months since I started studying Korean. It's fun whenever I learn new words!)
A

A

도착하는 대로 바로 회의실로 와 주세요. (Please come to the meeting room as soon as you arrive.)
B

B

네, 알겠습니다. 회의 준비 다 하고 나서 바로 갈게요. (Yes, understood. I'll go right after finishing all the meeting preparations.)

أسئلة شائعة

Q

What's the main difference between -ㄴ/은 후에 and -고 나서?

While both mean after, -고 나서 often emphasizes a more complete finish of the first action and can imply a slight pause before the second, whereas -ㄴ/은 후에 is a more general after.

Q

Can -기 전에 be used with nouns?

Yes, you can use 명사 + 전에 to mean before [noun/event], like 수업 전에 (before class) or 식사 전에 (before meal).

Q

How is -ㄹ/을 때마다 different from just -ㄹ/을 때?

-ㄹ/을 때 means when or

at the time of,
referring to a specific instance or period. -ㄹ/을 때마다 specifically means whenever or every time, indicating a repeated action or occurrence.

Q

Is -ㄴ/은/는 대로 only for immediate actions?

Not always. While -는 대로 is often used for as soon as, -ㄴ/은 대로 (with past tense verbs) and -대로 (with nouns) mean exactly as or according to, referring to conformity rather than immediacy.

السياق الثقافي

Mastering these sequencing structures is key to clear and polite communication in Korean. Native speakers use these patterns constantly to provide precise instructions, narrate events, and express expectations. For instance, when asking someone to do something, specifying the order with -기 전에 or -ㄴ/은 후에 adds clarity and shows consideration.
These structures are integral to the logical flow of thought, making your speech sound organized and intelligent. There are no significant regional variations in the usage of these specific grammar points, making them universally understood across Korea.

أمثلة رئيسية (8)

1

내가 가기 전에 전화할게.

سأتصل بك قبل أن أذهب.

قبل القيام بـ... (-기 전에)
2

이 사진 지우기 전에 빨리 봐!

شاهد هذه الصورة بسرعة قبل أن أحذفها!

قبل القيام بـ... (-기 전에)
3

숙제를 한 후에 게임을 했어요.

بعد ما خلصت الواجب، لعبت ألعاب فيديو.

ترتيب الأحداث: بعد (ㄴ/은 후에)
4

손을 씻은 후에 밥을 먹으세요.

لو سمحت اغسل إيدك وبعدين كُل.

ترتيب الأحداث: بعد (ㄴ/은 후에)
5

Whenever I watch K-dramas, I want to eat tteokbokki.

كل ما أشوف دراما كورية، أشتهي آكل طوكبوكي.

كلما حدث (ـل/ال طي مادا)
6

Whenever I listen to this song, I think of my first love.

كل ما أسمع هالأغنية، أتذكر حبي الأول.

كلما حدث (ـل/ال طي مادا)
7

도착하는 대로 전화해 줘.

اتصل بي بمجرد وصولك.

بمجرد أن / حسب (-ㄴ/은/는 대로)
8

준비되는 대로 출발합시다.

لنغادر بمجرد أن نجهز.

بمجرد أن / حسب (-ㄴ/은/는 대로)

نصائح وحيل (4)

⚠️

فخ الزمن الماضي

إياك تحط زمن الماضي في الفعل اللي قبل 기 전에. جملة مثل 갔기 전에 غلط تماماً! خلي الفعل دايمًا في شكله الأساسي، والزمن حطه في آخر الجملة بس: «가기 전에 숙제를 했어요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قبل القيام بـ... (-기 전에)
💡

اختصار سريع للدردشة

لو مستعجل وأنت بتكتب رسالة، ممكن تستخدم «고 나서»، بس «ㄴ/은 후에» بتخلي كلامك منظم أكتر: «숙제를 한 후에 놀아요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ترتيب الأحداث: بعد (ㄴ/은 후에)
💡

خدعة الماضي

إياك تحط صيغة الماضي (았/었) في الفعل الأول. الزمن بنعرفه من آخر فعل بالجملة بس، مثل: «먹고 나서 갔어요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: التسلسل: بعد الانتهاء من فعل (-고 나서)
⚠️

فخ المسافة

دائماً اترك مسافة قبل '지'. لو كتبتها '먹은지' بتصير سؤال غير مباشر، لكن '먹은 지' هي اللي بتعبر عن الوقت. هذا أشهر خطأ بيوقع فيه المتعلمين! مثلاً: «밥 먹은 지 1시간 됐어요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الوقت المنقضي منذ... (-(으)ㄴ 지)

المفردات الرئيسية (5)

식사하다 (siksahada) to eat a meal 졸업하다 (joreophada) to graduate 퇴근하다 (toegeunhada) to get off work 운동하다 (undonghada) to exercise 도착하다 (dochakhada) to arrive

Real-World Preview

utensils

Planning a Dinner

Review Summary

  • Verb + 기 전에
  • Verb + (으)ㄴ 후에
  • Verb + 고 나서
  • Verb + (으)ㄴ 지 + Time + 되다
  • Verb + ㄹ/을 때마다
  • Verb + (으)ㄴ/는 대로

أخطاء شائعة

You must use the past modifier form (은/ㄴ) before 후에, not the base form.

Wrong: 먹기 후에 (Eating after)
صحيح: 먹은 후에 (After eating)

Whenever is for repeated habits, not for a one-time future event.

Wrong: 도착할 때마다 전화할게요 (I will call whenever I arrive)
صحيح: 도착하는 대로 전화할게요 (I will call as soon as I arrive)

In Korean, when talking about time since an event, we use the verb '되다' (to become).

Wrong: 1년 지났어요 (1 year passed)
صحيح: 1년이 됐어요 (1 year has elapsed)

القواعد في هذا الفصل (6)

1

قبل القيام بـ... (-기 전에)

B1
كل اللي عليك تعمله هو إضافة «기 전에» مباشرة لجذع الفعل عشان ترتب أحداثك وتقول «قبل ما أعمل كذا».
내가 가기 전에 전화할게.
11 أمثلة
2

ترتيب الأحداث: بعد (ㄴ/은 후에)

B1
استخدم «ㄴ/은 후에» عشان ترتب أفعالك بوضوح، وتأكد إن الفعل الأول خلص تماماً قبل ما تبدأ في التاني.
숙제를 한 후에 게임을 했어요.
10 أمثلة
3

التسلسل: بعد الانتهاء من فعل (-고 나서)

B1
استخدم «-고 나서» لما بدك تأكد إن الفعل الأول «خلص تماماً» قبل ما تبدأ بالفعل اللي بعده.
Sukje-reul da ha-go naseo Netpeullikseu-reul bwayo...
12 أمثلة
4

الوقت المنقضي منذ... (-(으)ㄴ 지)

B1
استخدم القاعدة «-(으)ㄴ 지» مع مدة زمنية وفعل «되다» عشان تحكي عن الوقت اللي مرّ من لما عملت شي معين. يلّا تذكر: «ㄴ/은 지» + «الوقت» + «되다».
한국어 공부한 지 1년 됐어요.
10 أمثلة
5

كلما حدث (ـل/ال طي مادا)

B1
استخدم «-ㄹ/을 때마다» عشان تربط بين فعل يتكرر ونتيجة دايمًا تصير، فكر فيها كأنها «كلما» أو «كل مرة».
Whenever I watch K-dramas, I want to eat tteokbokk...
12 أمثلة
6

بمجرد أن / حسب (-ㄴ/은/는 대로)

B1
استخدم «-는 대로» لترتيب أحداث مستقبلية، و «-ㄴ/은 대로» عشان توصف فعل عملته «بالظبط» زي ما حصل قبل كدة.
도착하는 대로 전화해 줘.
11 أمثلة

Next Steps

You've successfully mastered the timeline of Korean! Keep practicing these structures in your daily speech.

Write a 5-sentence paragraph about your morning routine.

Continue to: Plans, Decisions, and Obligations

تدريب سريع (10)

أي جملة تعبر بشكل صحيح عن 'أغسل يدي قبل الأكل'؟

اختر الجملة الصحيحة قواعدياً:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 먹기 전에 손을 씻어요.
먹다 (يأكل) + 기 전에 = 먹기 전에. ترتيب الجملة هو [الفعل الأول] + 기 전에 + [الفعل التالي].

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قبل القيام بـ... (-기 전에)

أي جملة مكتوبة بمسافات صحيحة؟

اختر النسخة الصحيحة:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 밥 먹은 지 1시간 됐어요.
'지' هنا اسم مقيد، لذا يجب أن تسبقه مسافة دائماً.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الوقت المنقضي منذ... (-(으)ㄴ 지)

املأ الفراغ لتقول 'كلما أكلت...'

매운 음식을 _______ 물을 많이 마셔요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 먹을 때마다
للتعبير عن 'كلما' مع الفعل 먹다 (يأكل)، نضيف -을 때마다 لأنه ينتهي بحرف ساكن.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: كلما حدث (ـل/ال طي مادا)

جد الخطأ في الزمن وقم بتصحيحه.

어제 자랐기 전에 영화를 봤어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 어제 자기 전에 영화를 봤어요.
لا نضع زمن الماضي أبداً قبل 기 전에. الزمن ينتمي فقط للفعل النهائي (봤어요). الفعل 자다 يصبح 자기 전에.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قبل القيام بـ... (-기 전에)

املأ الفراغ بالصيغة الصحيحة.

한국에 ___ 한국어를 조금 배웠어요. (قبل المجيء إلى كوريا، تعلمت القليل من الكورية.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 오기 전에
للتعبير عن 'قبل المجيء'، نربط 기 전에 بجذع الفعل 오다. لا نستخدم صيغة الماضي (왔기 전에).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قبل القيام بـ... (-기 전에)

جد الخطأ في هذه الجملة التي تتحدث عن حدث ماضٍ.

아침에 일어나는 대로 샤워했어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 아침에 일어나자마자 샤워했어요.
لا يمكن استخدام -는 대로 للتتابع في الماضي. استخدم -자마자 بدلاً منها.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: بمجرد أن / حسب (-ㄴ/은/는 대로)

جد الخطأ وصححه في هذه الجملة عن السفر.

Find and fix the mistake:

여행을 갈 때마나 사진을 찍어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 여행을 갈 때마다 사진을 찍어요.
الإملاء الصحيح هو '때마다' وليس '때마나'. هذا خطأ مطبعي شائع للمبتدئين!

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: كلما حدث (ـل/ال طي مادا)

املأ الفراغ لتقول 'اتصل بي بمجرد انتهاء الفيلم.'

영화가 ______ 전화해 주세요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 끝나는 대로
للتعبير عن 'بمجرد أن' لحدث مستقبلي، نستخدم جذر الفعل + -는 대로.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: بمجرد أن / حسب (-ㄴ/은/는 대로)

جد الخطأ في الجملة التالية.

서울에 살은 지 5년 됐어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 서울에 산 지 5년 됐어요.
في الأفعال الشاذة التي تنتهي بـ 'ㄹ' مثل '살다'، نحذف الـ 'ㄹ' قبل إضافة '-ㄴ 지'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الوقت المنقضي منذ... (-(으)ㄴ 지)

املأ الفراغ بالشكل الصحيح لفعل '읽다' (يقرأ).

책을 ___ 커피를 마셨어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 읽은 후에
فعل '읽다' بينتهي بحرف ساكن، عشان كده بنضيف '은 후에'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ترتيب الأحداث: بعد (ㄴ/은 후에)

Score: /10

أسئلة شائعة (6)

لا خالص! دي أحلى حاجة في 기 전에. سواء الفعل آخره حرف علة زي 가다 أو ساكن زي 먹다 بتضيف القاعدة فوراً للجذع.
ممنوع تماماً. زمن الجملة بيبان في الآخر بس. حتى لو الحدث حصل امبارح، بنقول: «어제 먹기 전에».
لأ طبعاً! أوعى تستخدم '았/었' قبل '후ه'. صيغة 'ㄴ/은' لوحدها معناها إن الفعل خلص. الصح: «먹은 후에»، الغلط: «먹었은 후에».
تقريباً مفيش فرق، الاتنين بيحلوا محل بعض. «후에» رسمية شوية، و «다음에» معناها حرفياً 'التالي'. استخدم اللي يريحك: «밥을 먹은 다음에 갈게요».
الفرق بسيط جداً! «-(으)ㄴ 후에» بتركز أكتر على 'الوقت'، بينما «-고 나서» بتأكد على 'اكتمال الفعل'. في 95% من المحادثات اليومية بتقدر تبدل بينهم، مثل: «밥을 먹고 나서» أو «밥을 먹은 후에».
نادراً ما بتصير. ممكن تسمع «성인이 되고 나서» (بعد ما صار بالغ)، بس «학생이고 나서» (بعد ما كان طالب) بتبين غريبة. هي مخصصة للأفعال الحركية.
الفصل السابق
Contrasts and Formal Expressions
الفصل التالي
Plans, Decisions, and Obligations
العودة إلى خارطة الطريق