B1 · 中級 チャプター 2

Timing and Simultaneous Actions

5 トータルルール
54 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of perfect timing and fluid multitasking in your Korean conversations.

  • Combine two simultaneous actions using (으)면서.
  • Express formal overlapping actions with -는 동시에.
  • Describe instant sequences using -자마자.
Sync your sentences and master the flow.

学べること

Hey there, amazing Korean learner! Ready to make your conversations sound incredibly natural and expressive? In this chapter, we're taking a big leap forward to master how to describe actions happening at the exact same time, or one immediately after the other without any delay. First, we'll dive into -(으)면서, which lets you smoothly say you're 'doing two things at once.' Imagine wanting to tell a friend, 'I'm eating *while* I'm watching TV' – this grammar is exactly what you need to make your sentences flow like a native speaker's! Next up is -자마자, perfect for expressing actions that happen 'immediately after' something else. Think about those instant reactions: 'As soon as the doorbell rang, I opened the door,' or 'The moment I heard the news, I called them.' You'll be able to convey these rapid-fire sequences with ease. These fantastic patterns are incredibly useful for recounting your daily activities, giving precise instructions, or simply adding a richer layer of detail to your stories. No more clunky, sequential sentences – you'll be able to show exact timing and relationships between events effortlessly. Your Korean will become significantly more fluent and authentic. Just remember, -(으)면서 is for a single person multitasking, and -자마자 doesn't mess with tenses, it just connects! Get ready to spice up your Korean!

  • 二つのことを同時にする：(으)면서
    一人の人が2つのアクションを同時にこなす「マルチタスク」の表現です。 «면서» や «으면서» を使って、日常の自然な動きを伝えましょう。
  • 同時進行：〜しながら (-(으)면서)
    動詞の語幹に「-(으)면서」を付けると、「～しながら」「～する間に」というように、二つの行動を同時にしていることを表現できますよ。
  • 〜するやいなや... (-자마자)
    タイムラグなしで次の行動に移る時は «자마자» を使いましょう。語幹にそのままガチャンと合体させるのがコツです。
  • 同時に：2つのことをすること (-는 동시에)
    2つのアクションや状態が「ピッタリ同じタイミング」で重なる時に使いましょう。 «는 동시에» を使えば、マルチタスクな表現もバッチリです！
  • 〜するとすぐに (-자마자)
    動詞の語幹に «-자마자» をつけるだけで、間髪入れずに次の行動が起きる「スピード感」を表現できます。

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: describe a morning routine using simultaneous and sequential actions.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, amazing Korean learner! Ready to make your conversations sound incredibly natural and expressive? In this chapter, we're taking a big leap forward to master how to describe actions happening at the exact same time, or one immediately after the other without any delay.
This Korean grammar B1 guide will introduce you to two essential patterns that will significantly elevate your fluency, helping you express complex ideas with ease.
First, we'll dive into -(으)면서, which lets you smoothly say you're 'doing two things at once.' Imagine wanting to tell a friend, 'I'm eating *while* I'm watching TV' – this grammar is exactly what you need to make your sentences flow like a native speaker's! This pattern is crucial for describing simultaneous actions in Korean and is a cornerstone for natural conversation at the B1 CEFR level.
Next up is -자마자, perfect for expressing actions that happen 'immediately after' something else. Think about those instant reactions: 'As soon as the doorbell rang, I opened the door,' or 'The moment I heard the news, I called them.' You'll be able to convey these rapid-fire sequences with ease, adding precise timing to your stories. These fantastic patterns are incredibly useful for recounting your daily activities, giving precise instructions, or simply adding a richer layer of detail to your stories.
No more clunky, sequential sentences – you'll be able to show exact timing and relationships between events effortlessly. Your Korean will become significantly more fluent and authentic.

How This Grammar Works

This chapter focuses on two powerful Korean grammar patterns for expressing timing and simultaneous actions: -(으)면서 for 'doing two things at once' and -자마자 for 'as soon as'. Mastering these will make your sentences much more dynamic and natural.
First, let's explore -(으)면서 (Simultaneous Action: While / As). This pattern is used to indicate that two actions are happening concurrently with the *same subject*. It translates to while (doing something) or as (doing something).
* Form:
* If the verb stem ends in a vowel or ㄹ (e.g., 보다, 만들다): Attach -면서 (보면서, 만들면서)
* If the verb stem ends in a consonant (e.g., 먹다, 읽다): Attach -으면서 (먹으면서, 읽으면서)
* Key Point: Both actions must be performed by the same person or entity. The main action often carries the primary focus, while the -(으)면서 clause describes a secondary, concurrent activity.
* Examples:
* 저는 밥을 먹으면서 TV를 봐요. (I watch TV while eating.)
* 음악을 들으면서 공부하는 것을 좋아해요. (I like studying while listening to music.)
* 친구와 이야기하면서 커피를 마셨어요. (I drank coffee while talking with my friend.)
Next, we have -자마자 (As Soon As...). This pattern is used to express that one action happens immediately after another, with virtually no time in between. It translates to as soon as or the moment that.
* Form: Attach -자마자 directly to the verb stem (e.g., 오다 -> 오자마자, 보다 -> 보자마자, 듣다 -> 듣자마자).
* Key Point: The -자마자 clause itself does not take tense markers (like -았/었- or -겠-). The tense of the entire sentence is expressed in the main clause. It can be used with both the same or different subjects for the two actions.
* Examples:
* 집에 도착하자마자 전화했어요. (As soon as I arrived home, I called.)
* 벨이 울리자마자 문을 열었어요. (The moment the bell rang, I opened the door.)
* 소식을 듣자마자 깜짝 놀랐어요. (As soon as I heard the news, I was surprised.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 저는 밥을 먹으면서 친구는 TV를 봤어요.
✓ Correct: 저는 밥을 먹으면서 TV를 봤어요.
*Explanation:* -(으)면서 is used when the *same subject* performs both actions. In the wrong example, I am eating, but my friend is watching TV. The correct sentence shows I doing both actions. If subjects are different, you'd use a different conjunction like -고 or -(으)면서도 (though the latter has a slightly different nuance).
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 집에 도착했자마자 전화했어요.
✓ Correct: 집에 도착하자마자 전화했어요.
*Explanation:* The verb stem before -자마자 should not be conjugated for tense. The tense of the entire action sequence is indicated by the final verb in the main clause (e.g., 전화했어요 for past tense). The -자마자 clause simply indicates the immediate preceding action.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 문을 열으면서 들어갔어요.
✓ Correct: 문을 열고 들어갔어요.
*Explanation:* While grammatically possible, -(으)면서 implies a continuous, overlapping 'while' action. Opening a door and entering are typically sequential actions, even if very quick. For such sequences, -고 (and then) or -자마자 (as soon as) are usually more natural. -(으)면서 is best for truly parallel, ongoing activities (e.g., eating *while* watching TV).

Real Conversations

A

A

주말에 뭐 했어요? (What did you do over the weekend?)
B

B

저는 책을 읽으면서 커피를 마셨어요. (I drank coffee while reading a book.)
A

A

회의 끝나고 바로 갈 거예요? (Are you going right after the meeting finishes?)
B

B

네, 회의가 끝나자마자 갈 거예요. (Yes, I'll go as soon as the meeting finishes.)
A

A

한국어 공부 어떻게 하면 좋아요? (How can I study Korean effectively?)
B

B

한국 드라마를 보면서 자막을 읽어보세요. 어휘를 배우자마자 바로 써보는 게 중요해요. (Try watching Korean dramas while reading subtitles. It's important to use new vocabulary right after you learn it.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the difference between -(으)면서 and -고 있다?

-(으)면서 describes two simultaneous actions performed by the same subject (

while doing X, doing Y
). -고 있다 describes an action that is currently ongoing (is doing X). For example, «밥을 먹으면서 TV를 봐요» (I watch TV *while* eating), vs. «밥을 먹고 있어요» (I *am eating*).

Q

Can I use -(으)면서 with adjectives?

No, -(으)면서 is primarily attached to verb stems to describe simultaneous actions. If you want to express while being (adjective), you might use other constructions like -는데/은데 or -지만 depending on the nuance.

Q

Is -자마자 formal or informal?

-자마자 is a neutral grammatical pattern and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. It's widely used in everyday conversations and written language.

Q

Can -자마자 be used for future events?

Yes, absolutely! The tense is determined by the main clause. For example,

집에 도착하자마자 전화할게요.
(As soon as I arrive home, I will call you.)

Cultural Context

These patterns, -(으)면서 and -자마자, are incredibly common in everyday Korean conversation because they allow for concise and efficient communication. Instead of breaking down actions into multiple, short sentences, speakers can combine them, reflecting a preference for flow and interconnectedness in speech. Using these patterns makes your Korean sound less robotic and more like a native speaker's, as they naturally weave together events and actions without unnecessary pauses or repetition.
Mastering them will significantly enhance your ability to tell stories and describe situations vividly.

重要な例文 (8)

1

음악을 들으면서 공부해요.

音楽を聴きながら勉強します。

二つのことを同時にする：(으)면서
2

넷플릭스를 보면서 팝콘을 먹었어요.

Netflixを見ながらポップコーンを食べました。

二つのことを同時にする：(으)면서
3

I watch YouTube while eating rice/meal.

ご飯を食べながらYouTubeを見ます。

同時進行：〜しながら (-(으)면서)
4

Please don't make a phone call while driving.

運転しながら電話しないでください。

同時進行：〜しながら (-(으)면서)
5

집에 오자마자 손을 씻었어요.

家に帰るやいなや、手を洗いました。

〜するやいなや... (-자마자)
6

메시지를 읽자마자 답장해 주세요.

メッセージを読んだらすぐに返信してください。

〜するやいなや... (-자마자)
7

넷플릭스를 보는 동시에 팝콘을 먹어요.

ネットフリックスを見るのと同時にポップコーンを食べます。

同時に：2つのことをすること (-는 동시에)
8

그는 가수인 동시에 배우예요.

彼は歌手であると同時に俳優でもあります。

同時に：2つのことをすること (-는 동시에)

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

「同じ主語」が鉄則！

自分が両方のアクションをしているか確認してね。もし「私が料理して、弟が寝る」なら «-는 동안» を使いましょう。 «음악을 들으면서 운동해요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 二つのことを同時にする：(으)면서
⚠️

「同じ人」ルール

ここが重要です！「お母さんが料理をする間に、私はテレビを見た」のように、別の人がそれぞれの行動をしている場合は「-면서」は使えません。必ず、同じ人が両方の行動をしている必要があります。もし行動している人が違う場合は、「-는 동안」を使いましょう。「제가 요리하는 동안 남편이 청소해요.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 同時進行：〜しながら (-(으)면서)
⚠️

過去形トラップに注意！

「〜した」という過去の話でも、途中に「었/았」は入れません。「갔자마자」ではなく «가자마자» と言うのが正解です。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜するやいなや... (-자마자)
🎯

ネイティブっぽく話すコツ

驚きの偶然や、すごいマルチタスク能力を自慢したい時に使ってみて！ «일하는 동시에 음악을 들어요.» と言うと、ただの「ながら」より強調されます。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 同時に：2つのことをすること (-는 동시에)

重要な語彙 (5)

먹다(meokda) to eat 듣다(deutda) to listen 도착하다(dochakhada) to arrive 전화하다(jeonhwahada) to call 공부하다(gongbuhada) to study

Real-World Preview

coffee

Morning Routine

Review Summary

  • Verb stem + (으)면서
  • Verb stem + 자마자

よくある間違い

You cannot combine two different connective endings on the same verb stem.

Wrong: 먹자마자면서
正解: 먹으면서

Do not add tense markers like -었- before -자마자.

Wrong: 도착했을 때자마자
正解: 도착하자마자

-는 동시에 follows the verb directly in its present modifier form.

Wrong: 공부하면서 동시에
正解: 공부하는 동시에

Next Steps

You've crushed this chapter! Keep practicing these structures and you'll be speaking like a local in no time.

Record a 30-second audio clip describing your commute.

Continue to: Reasons, Reactions, and Excuses

クイック練習 (10)

「영화를 봤자마자 울었어요.」の間違いを直してください。

正しいバージョンを選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 영화를 보자마자 울었어요.
過去形「봤」を語幹の「보」に戻して「보자마자」にする必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜するとすぐに (-자마자)

この文章の間違いを見つけて直してください。

아침에 일어나자마자 커피를 마셨어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: この文章は正しいです。
語幹「일어나」に正しく「자마자」がついており、時制も文末で表現されています。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜するやいなや... (-자마자)

文法的に正しい文章を選んでください。

正しい文章はどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 집에 도착하자마자 전화했어요.
前の節に過去形の「했」を入れてはいけません。語幹の「도착하-」を使うのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜するとすぐに (-자마자)

間違いを見つけて直してね。

가수면서 배우이이에요. (歌手でありながら俳優です。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가수면서 배우예요.
「가수」は母音で終わるので「면서」でOK。「배우」も母音で終わるので、指定の形は「배우예요」になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 二つのことを同時にする：(으)면서

「먹다（食べる）」を正しい形にして空欄を埋めてください。

점심을 ____ 공부를 시작했어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 먹자마자
「食べてすぐ」と言うには、語幹の「먹-」に直接「-자마자」をつけます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜するとすぐに (-자마자)

時制の間違いを見つけて直してね。

Find and fix the mistake:

어제 영화를 봤는 동시에 팝콘을 먹어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 어제 영화를 보는 동시에 팝콘을 먹었어요.
過去のことでも、真ん中の形は '-는 동시에' のまま、最後を過去形にします。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 同時に：2つのことをすること (-는 동시에)

文の間違いを見つけてください。

Find and fix the mistake:

운전하으면서 문자를 보내면 안 돼요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 운전하면서
운전하다は母音で終わるので、「-으면서」ではなく「-면서」を付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 同時進行：〜しながら (-(으)면서)

「읽다（読む）」を正しい形にして空欄を埋めてね。

밥을 먹___ 책을 읽어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 먹으면서
「먹다」にはパッチム（ㄱ）があるので「으면서」を付けます。「ご飯を食べながら本を読みます」という意味になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 二つのことを同時にする：(으)면서

正しい文章を選んでください。

即座に起きた連続した動作を表現しているのは？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 집에 가자마자 잤어요.
「자마자」の前に過去形の「았/었」や未来形の「겠」を入れることはできません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜するやいなや... (-자마자)

文法的に正しい文を選んでください。

正しい同時動作の文を選んでください:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 밥을 먹으면서 TV를 봐요.
オプション1が正しいです。オプション2は最初の節で過去形を使っているので間違いです。オプション3は主語が二つあるので間違いです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 同時進行：〜しながら (-(으)면서)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

はい、大丈夫です！ただし、未来の形は文の最後にだけ付けます。 «음악을 들으면서 공부할 거예요»（音楽を聴きながら勉強するつもりです）のように言います。
とても不自然に聞こえてしまいます。「私が食べながら弟が寝る」と言うと、まるで自分が二人いるような不思議な感じになります。違う主語の時は «-는 동안» を使いましょう。
いいえ、最初の動詞は常に元の形（語幹）です。時制は文の最後で示します。例えば、「食べながら行った」は「먹으면서 갔어요」であって、「먹었으면서 갔어요」ではありません。
その場合は「-는 동안」を使わなければなりません。例えば、「私が寝ている間に母が掃除した」は「내가 자는 동안 엄마가 청소했어요」と言います。
基本的には動作を表す動詞に使います。形容詞に使いたい場合は «좋아지자마자»（良くなるやいなや）のように動詞化して使います。
いいえ、未来のことにも使えますよ！例えば «집에 도착하자마자 전화할게요»（家に着いたらすぐ電話しますね）のように言えます。
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