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A1 interjection フォーマル 2分で読める

축하합니다

/t͡ɕʰu.kʰa.ham.ni.da/
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Overview

The Korean word '축하합니다' (chukahamnida) is a formal and polite way to say 'congratulations.' It is derived from the verb '축하하다' (chukahada), which means 'to congratulate.' Let's break down its components and usage.

Components:

  • 축하 (chukha): This is the noun form meaning 'celebration' or 'congratulation.'
  • 합니다 (hamnida): This is a formal and polite ending for verbs in Korean. It is a conjugation of the verb '하다' (hada), meaning 'to do.' When appended to '축하,' it essentially means 'I do congratulations' or 'I offer congratulations.'

Usage and Nuances:

  1. 1Formality: '축하합니다' is highly formal and respectful. It is appropriate to use in most situations where you want to express congratulations, especially to people older than you, superiors, or in formal settings like business meetings, public speeches, or official announcements. It's the standard, safe choice.

**Common Scenarios:** You can use '축하합니다' for a wide range of celebratory events:

  • Birthdays: 생일 축하합니다 (saengil chukahamnida - Happy Birthday)
  • Weddings: 결혼 축하합니다 (gyeolhon chukahamnida - Congratulations on your wedding)
  • Graduations: 졸업 축하합니다 (joreop chukahamnida - Congratulations on your graduation)
  • Promotions: 승진 축하합니다 (seungjin chukahamnida - Congratulations on your promotion)
  • New Year: 새해 복 많이 받으세요 (saehae bok mani badeuseyo - Happy New Year, literally 'Receive much new year's luck'), often followed by general well wishes.
  • Achievements: Any significant accomplishment, big or small.

**Variations in Politeness:**

  • 축하해요 (chukahaeyo): This is a slightly less formal but still polite way to say congratulations. It uses the '요' (yo) ending, which is common in everyday conversations. You would use this with friends, family members, or colleagues you have a friendly relationship with.
  • 축하해 (chukahae): This is the most informal version, often used among close friends or to people younger than you. It drops the polite '요' ending.
  1. 1Adding Specificity: You can make your congratulations more specific by adding the event or reason before '축하합니다.' For example:
  • 합격 축하합니다 (hapgyeok chukahamnida): Congratulations on passing (an exam/test).
  • 우승 축하합니다 (useung chukahamnida): Congratulations on winning.

In essence, '축하합니다' is a versatile and fundamental expression in Korean for conveying good wishes and celebrating success or happy occasions. Its formality makes it suitable for almost any context, ensuring you express your congratulations respectfully.

例文

1

졸업을 축하합니다!

Used in formal situations like ceremonies or official announcements.

Congratulations on your graduation!

2

결혼 진심으로 축하드립니다.

Used when congratulating someone on their marriage, often with a deeper sense of sincerity.

Sincerely, congratulations on your marriage.

3

승진 축하해요!

Used in more casual settings, often among colleagues or friends.

Congratulations on your promotion!

4

생일 축하해!

A very common phrase used among close friends or family for birthdays.

Happy birthday!

5

우승 축하드립니다!

Used to congratulate someone on winning a competition or achieving a victory, often in a polite but enthusiastic manner.

Congratulations on your victory!

よく使う組み合わせ

졸업을 축하합니다
생일을 축하합니다
결혼을 축하합니다
승진을 축하합니다

よく混同される語

축하합니다 対 수고했어
This conveys appreciation for one's efforts, often after they've completed a difficult task, rather than direct congratulations for an achievement.
축하합니다 対 잘했어
This means 'well done' or 'you did a good job,' which can be similar but less formal and direct than 'congratulations.'
축하합니다 対 고마워요
This means 'thank you,' and while often said in response to something positive, it's not a congratulatory phrase itself.

文法パターン

[Event] + 축하합니다 [Person] + 의 [Achievement] + 을/를 축하합니다 [Reason/Occasion] + 축하합니다

使い方

使い方のコツ

'축하합니다' is composed of '축하' (chuka), meaning 'celebration' or 'congratulations,' and the formal deferential suffix '-합니다' (hamnida), which indicates a high level of politeness and respect. This makes it suitable for addressing elders, superiors, or in any situation where formality is required. It can be used as a standalone exclamation or as part of a longer sentence, such as '결혼을 축하합니다' (gyeolhoneul chukahamnida - Congratulations on your marriage). It's generally appropriate for any positive event. Avoid using it in casual settings with close friends unless you want to be humorously overly formal. For very informal contexts, '축하해' (chukahae) or '추카추카' (chukachuka - a cuter, slangier version) are more common.

よくある間違い

One common mistake is mispronouncing the '축' (chuk) part. It's not 'chook' like in English 'book,' but a tighter, shorter 'chuk' sound, almost like the 'ch' in 'church' followed by a 'uk' sound. Another mistake can be rushing the pronunciation and not giving enough emphasis to each syllable, making it sound unclear. Remember to articulate each syllable: 'chuk-ha-ham-ni-da.' Also, sometimes learners might forget the polite 'hamnida' ending and just say 'chukha,' which is less formal and generally used with close friends or in very informal settings. For general use, especially with people you don't know well or in more formal situations, always use '축하합니다' (chukhahamnida) to be polite. Finally, ensure you differentiate between '축하합니다' (chukhahamnida - congratulations) and similar-sounding words or phrases.

ヒント

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Pronunciation Tip

The '축' in '축하합니다' is pronounced with a short 'oo' sound, similar to 'chook'. The '하' is like 'hah', and '합니다' sounds like 'hahm-nee-da'.
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Usage Note

'축하합니다' is a formal way to say 'congratulations'. If you're speaking to someone younger or a close friend, you might use '축하해' (chook-ha-hae) which is less formal.
💡

Contextual Use

This phrase can be used for a wide range of celebratory occasions, such as birthdays, graduations, promotions, weddings, or any happy event where congratulations are in order.

語源

Sino-Korean word from 祝賀 (chukha, “celebration”) + 하다 (-hada, light verb, “to do”), meaning to celebrate or congratulate. The word '축하' (chukha) itself is derived from the Chinese characters 祝 (zhù, 'to wish, to express good wishes') and 賀 (hè, 'to congratulate'). The combination of these two characters in Chinese forms a concept of expressing good wishes or congratulations. The '-합니다' (-hamnida) ending is a formal and polite declarative suffix in Korean, often used when speaking to someone of higher status, older, or in a formal setting, adding a sense of respect and formality to the congratulatory statement. The modern usage has remained consistent with its historical roots, serving as a direct expression of congratulation or well wishes.

文化的な背景

The phrase '축하합니다' (chukahamnida) is a formal and polite way to say 'congratulations' in Korean. It is widely used in various situations, from celebrating personal achievements like graduations, promotions, or birthdays, to commemorating national holidays or significant events. In Korean culture, acknowledging and celebrating others' successes is highly valued, reflecting a collectivist society where shared joy is important. When used, it often accompanies a slight bow or a handshake, especially in formal settings. For close friends or family, less formal variations like '축하해' (chukahae) might be used, but '축하합니다' is always a safe and respectful choice.

覚え方のコツ

The '축' in '축하합니다' (chukhahamnida) sounds a bit like the English word 'chook,' which can be a fun, informal way to refer to a chicken. Imagine a chicken happily celebrating, saying 'Chook-hah!' This can help you remember the first part. The '하' (ha) is like 'hah,' a sound of laughter or happiness. The '합니다' (hamnida) is a common, polite ending for verbs, meaning 'I do' or 'we do.' So, you're essentially saying 'I do happy congratulations!' Combining these, think of a happy chicken celebrating: 'Chook-hah-hamnida!'

よくある質問

4 問
'축하합니다' (chukahamnida) is a formal way to say 'Congratulations' in Korean. It is a polite and respectful expression used to convey good wishes and acknowledge someone's achievement, good fortune, or a special occasion. This versatile phrase can be used in various contexts, such as celebrating birthdays, weddings, graduations, promotions, or any other joyous event where congratulations are appropriate.
It is appropriate to use '축하합니다' on occasions where you want to express congratulations formally. This includes celebrating milestones like graduations, weddings, promotions, or the birth of a child. It's also suitable for general good news or achievements, demonstrating respect and well wishes to the person you are speaking with. Its formal nature makes it suitable for interactions with superiors, elders, or in professional settings.
Yes, there are less formal ways to say 'Congratulations' in Korean. A common informal way is '축하해' (chukahae), which is typically used among close friends, family members, or people of similar age and social standing. Another slightly more polite but still informal option is '축하해요' (chukahaeyo), which adds a bit more deference than '축하해' but is still less formal than '축하합니다'. The choice depends on your relationship with the person you are congratulating.
The pronunciation of '축하합니다' can be broken down as follows: '축' (chuk) is pronounced like 'chook' in English, with a soft 'ch' sound. '하' (ha) is pronounced like 'ha' in English, as in 'happy'. '함' (ham) is pronounced like 'hahm', similar to 'ham' but with a slightly softer 'h'. '니' (ni) is pronounced like 'nee' in English, as in 'knee'. '다' (da) is pronounced like 'dah' in English, as in 'dad'. Putting it all together, it sounds like 'chook-ha-hahm-nee-dah'.

自分をテスト

fill blank

졸업을 ______!

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
fill blank

새해 복 많이 받으세요! ______!

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
fill blank

결혼 ______!

正解！ おしい！ 正解:

スコア： /3

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