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기분이 나쁘다

A2 phrase #1,500 よく出る 9分で読める

기분이 나쁘다

gibuni nappeuda 上位1,500

At the A1 level, you should learn '기분이 나쁘다' as a basic phrase to express how you feel. It is the opposite of '기분이 좋다' (to feel good). You can use it simply as '기분이 나빠요' to tell someone you are unhappy or in a bad mood. At this stage, don't worry too much about the complex nuances; just use it when you feel 'not happy.' Remember to use the polite ending '-요' when talking to teachers or people you don't know well. You might use it when it rains or when you lose a game. It's a very useful building block for basic conversation about emotions.

At the A2 level, you can start connecting '기분이 나쁘다' with reasons using the '-아서/어서' (because) grammar point. For example, '시험을 못 봐서 기분이 나빠요' (I feel bad because I didn't do well on the exam). You should also understand that '기분' means 'mood' and '나쁘다' means 'bad.' You can begin to recognize that this phrase is used not just for sadness, but also for when you are a little bit annoyed or when something feels unpleasant. You should be able to conjugate it into the past tense: '기분이 나빴어요' (I felt bad).

At the B1 level, you should be able to distinguish '기분이 나쁘다' from similar expressions like '기분이 안 좋다' (softer) or '속상하다' (upset/hurt). You will notice that '기분이 나쁘다' is often used when someone's pride is hurt or when they feel offended by someone else's behavior. You can use it to describe your reaction to social situations. You should also be comfortable using it in various sentence structures, such as '기분이 나쁠 때' (when I feel bad) or '기분이 나빠 보여요' (you look like you're in a bad mood). You can also use adverbs like '별로' (not really) or '무척' (very) to modify the intensity.

At the B2 level, you should understand the 'unpleasant' or 'creepy' nuance of '기분이 나쁘다.' For instance, you can use it to describe a weird atmosphere or a person who makes you feel uncomfortable. You should also be able to use the causative form '기분을 나쁘게 하다' (to make someone feel bad) and understand how it functions in complex sentences. You will encounter this phrase frequently in media and literature to describe internal conflict or social tension. You should be aware of the social implications of saying this directly to someone, as it can be quite confrontational.

At the C1 level, you can appreciate the cultural weight of 'Gibun' (기분) in Korean society. You understand that '기분이 나쁘다' isn't just a personal feeling but can be a reaction to a breach of social etiquette or 'Nunchi.' You can use the phrase in more abstract contexts and understand its use in formal complaints (though '불쾌하다' might be preferred there). You should be able to discuss the nuances between '기분이 나쁘다' and more specific emotional verbs like '모욕감을 느끼다' (to feel insulted) or '혐오스럽다' (to be disgusted). You can use the phrase with advanced grammar like '-다니 기분이 나쁘네요' (It makes me feel bad that [someone said/did something]).

At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of the phrase's pragmatics. You know exactly when to use '기분이 나쁘다' to express a subtle sense of being 'creeped out' versus a direct insult. You can analyze its use in literature to reflect a character's psychological state or the 'vibe' of a setting. You understand the historical and social connotations of 'mood' in Korean interpersonal relations. You can use the phrase sarcastically or in highly nuanced social negotiations where expressing one's 'bad mood' is a strategic move to set boundaries or demand an apology.

練習する例文メモとヒント

기분이 나쁘다 30秒で

Used to express a bad mood or feeling unhappy.
Can mean feeling offended by someone's words or actions.
Describes an unpleasant or creepy atmosphere or sensory experience.
Is the direct opposite of the phrase '기분이 좋다' (to feel good).

The Korean phrase 기분이 나쁘다 (gibuni nappeuda) is a foundational expression used to describe a wide spectrum of negative emotional states and sensory experiences. At its core, it combines the noun 기분 (gibun), meaning 'mood' or 'feeling,' with the adjective 나쁘다 (nappeuda), meaning 'to be bad.' While the literal translation is 'the mood is bad,' its application in daily Korean life is far more nuanced than its English counterpart 'to be in a bad mood.' It is used not just to describe a general state of unhappiness, but also to express being offended, feeling creeped out, or experiencing a physical sensation of unpleasantness caused by external factors like a foul smell or a damp atmosphere.

Emotional State: When you wake up on the wrong side of the bed or receive bad news, you use this phrase to indicate your internal emotional landscape is negative. It is the direct opposite of 기분이 좋다 (to feel good).
Reaction to Others: If someone makes a rude comment or treats you unfairly, saying 기분이 나쁘다 signifies that you are offended or hurt by their actions. It focuses on the result of the interaction on your feelings.
Sensory Discomfort: Interestingly, Koreans use this phrase to describe a 'creepy' or 'unpleasant' feeling. For example, if a stranger stares at you intensely or if you walk into a dark, damp room, the physical and psychological discomfort is described as 기분이 나쁘다.

그 사람의 말투가 너무 무례해서 기분이 나빴어요. (I felt bad because that person's way of speaking was so rude.)

Understanding the depth of this phrase requires looking at the word 기분. It isn't just a fleeting emotion; it's the energy or 'air' surrounding your current state. When you say it is 나쁘다, you are saying the very atmosphere of your mind is polluted. This is why it is used so frequently in K-Dramas when a character feels slighted or when a situation feels 'off' or 'sketchy.' It covers everything from a minor annoyance to a deep sense of being insulted.

비가 와서 습기가 많으니까 기분이 나쁘네요. (Since it's raining and humid, it feels unpleasant.)

Frequency: This is one of the top 100 most used descriptive phrases in spoken Korean. You will hear it in schools, offices, and homes daily.

Furthermore, the phrase is often used with adverbs to specify the intensity. 매우 기분이 나쁘다 (to feel very bad) or 조금 기분이 나쁘다 (to feel a bit bad) are common variations. It's important to note that while 'bad mood' is the standard translation, 'unpleasant' is often more accurate when describing environments or specific social interactions where one feels violated or disrespected.

이유도 없이 화를 내니까 정말 기분이 나빠요. (I feel really bad because they are getting angry for no reason.)

Using 기분이 나쁘다 correctly involves understanding Korean conjugation and the context of the 'cause' of the bad feeling. Because it is an adjective phrase (descriptive verb), it follows the standard rules for adjectives in Korean. You must change the ending based on the level of formality and the tense you wish to convey.

Polite/Informal (Standard): The most common form is 기분이 나빠요 (gibuni nappayo). This is used with acquaintances, colleagues, or people you don't know well. It is polite but friendly.
Formal/Polite: In formal settings like news broadcasts or business presentations, use 기분이 나쁩니다 (gibuni nappeumnida).
Casual (Banmal): Among close friends or to those younger, you can say 기분 나빠 (gibun nappa). Notice the particle '이' is often omitted here.

어제는 하루 종일 기분이 나빴어요. (Yesterday, I felt bad all day long.)

When you want to explain *why* you feel bad, you typically use the grammatical structure -아서/어서 (because). For example, '시험을 못 봐서 기분이 나빠요' (Because I did poorly on the exam, I feel bad). This connects the cause directly to the emotional outcome.

친구가 내 비밀을 말해서 기분이 아주 나빠요. (I feel very bad because my friend told my secret.)

Another important usage is the modifier form. To describe a 'bad-mood person' or a 'bad-feeling situation,' you change 나쁘다 to 나쁜. However, it is more common to use it as a predicate at the end of the sentence. You can also use it with the -네(요) ending to express a realization or exclamation: '기분 나쁘네!' (Wow, this feels bad/unpleasant!).

그렇게 쳐다보지 마세요. 기분 나쁘니까요. (Don't stare like that. Because it's unpleasant/makes me feel bad.)

Past Tense: 기분이 나빴다 (Plain) -> 기분이 나빴어요 (Polite). Use this when reflecting on a past event that upset you.
Future/Supposition: 기분이 나쁠 거예요 (It will probably feel bad / I will probably be in a bad mood). Used when predicting a reaction.

Finally, remember that '기분이 나쁘다' can be a complete sentence on its own. If someone asks 'How are you?' and you are having a terrible day, a simple '기분이 나빠요' is a perfectly valid and complete answer. It conveys your state without needing further elaboration, though in Korean culture, usually a reason is expected to follow.

In South Korea, 기분이 나쁘다 is ubiquitous. It is a 'high-frequency' phrase that appears in various contexts, from high-stakes corporate drama to casual playground arguments. Understanding where you'll hear it helps in grasping its emotional weight.

K-Dramas and Movies: This is the bread and butter of dramatic dialogue. When a protagonist is insulted by a 'chaebol' (conglomerate heir), they often retort with '기분 나쁘네요' (This is unpleasant/I'm offended). It's also used in thrillers when a character feels a 'creepy' presence.
Daily Conversations: Friends use it to vent. '오늘 부장님 때문에 기분이 너무 나빠' (I feel so bad today because of the department head). It's a way to seek empathy from the listener.
Public Service Announcements: In campaigns against sexual harassment or public disturbances, you might see text like '상대방의 기분을 나쁘게 하는 행동' (Actions that make the other person feel bad/unpleasant).

드라마 대사: "그렇게 비웃으니까 기분이 참 나쁘네." (Drama line: "Since you're mocking me like that, I feel quite bad.")

You will also hear this phrase in the context of 'vibe' or 'atmosphere.' If a restaurant has poor lighting, rude staff, and a strange smell, a Korean person might say '여기 분위기가 기분 나빠요' (The atmosphere here feels unpleasant/creepy). This highlights the phrase's versatility in covering both internal emotions and external perceptions.

"꿈 자리가 사나워서 아침부터 기분이 나빴어." (I felt bad since morning because I had a disturbing dream.)

In the workplace, it's often used indirectly. Instead of saying 'I am angry,' a subordinate might say '기분이 좀 나쁩니다' to signal their dissatisfaction in a way that is still grammatically polite but clear in its emotional message. It's a key part of navigating social hierarchies in Korea.

While 기분이 나쁘다 seems straightforward, English speakers often make specific errors when trying to map it to English concepts of 'feeling bad.'

Mistaking for Physical Illness: In English, 'I feel bad' can mean 'I am sick.' In Korean, 기분이 나쁘다 never means you have a fever or a stomachache. For physical illness, you must use 아프다 (apeuda) or 몸이 안 좋다 (momi an jota).
Overusing for 'Sadness': While a bad mood can include sadness, 기분이 나쁘다 often leans towards annoyance, irritation, or being offended. If you are grieving or deeply sad, 슬프다 (seulpeuda) is the correct word.
Confusing with '성격이 나쁘다': Don't confuse 'mood' with 'personality.' 기분이 나쁘다 is temporary. 성격이 나쁘다 (seonggyeogi nappeuda) means someone has a 'bad personality' or is a mean person.

Incorrect: 배가 아파서 기분이 나빠요. (X - implies the stomachache is making you grumpy/offended)
Correct: 배가 아파서 몸이 안 좋아요. (O - I feel physically unwell because my stomach hurts.)

Another mistake is the placement of the subject marker. Some learners say 기분은 나쁘다 or 기분을 나쁘다. While 기분은 can be used for contrast ('My mood is bad, but my health is fine'), the standard subject marker is 이. Using 을 (object marker) is grammatically incorrect because 나쁘다 is an adjective, not a verb that takes an object.

Lastly, learners sometimes forget to conjugate the adjective correctly for the situation. Saying '기분이 나쁘다' (dictionary form) to a teacher would be considered very rude and robotic. Always ensure you add the appropriate -아요/어요 or -습니다 endings.

To sound more like a native speaker, you should know the alternatives to 기분이 나쁘다. Depending on the intensity and the specific cause of your 'bad feeling,' other words might be more appropriate.

기분이 안 좋다 (Gibuni an jota): Literally 'mood is not good.' This is the most common alternative. It is softer and less intense than 나쁘다. It's safer to use when you just feel a bit down or 'off' without being explicitly angry or offended.
불쾌하다 (Bulkwaehada): This is a more formal, Sino-Korean word meaning 'unpleasant' or 'displeasurable.' It is often used in news reports or formal complaints regarding harassment or environmental discomfort (like bad smells or humidity).
속상하다 (Soksanghada): This means 'to be upset' or 'to have a distressed heart.' Use this when your bad mood is caused by disappointment or when things didn't go as planned. It has a more emotional, 'hurt' nuance than the broader 기분이 나쁘다.
짜증나다 (Jjajeungnada): This means 'to be annoyed' or 'irritated.' If your bad mood is specifically because of a repetitive annoyance (like a slow computer or a noisy neighbor), this is the word to use.

Comparison:
1. 기분이 나빠요: I feel bad/offended (General/Strong).
2. 기분이 안 좋아요: I'm not in a good mood (Softer).
3. 불쾌해요: This is unpleasant (Formal/Sensory).

When choosing between these, consider your relationship with the listener. 기분이 안 좋다 is almost always appropriate. 기분이 나쁘다 is clear and direct. 불쾌하다 is professional. By varying your vocabulary, you can express the exact flavor of your 'bad mood' more effectively.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

"본의 아니게 기분을 나쁘게 해 드려 죄송합니다."

ニュートラル

"그 소식을 듣고 기분이 좀 나빴어요."

カジュアル

"아, 진짜 기분 나빠!"

Child friendly

"친구가 놀려서 기분이 나빠졌어요."

スラング

"기분 개나빠."

豆知識

The word '나쁘다' (bad) historically comes from '나뿐' (only me), suggesting that being selfish or only thinking of oneself was considered the root of being 'bad.'

発音ガイド

UK /ɡi.bun.i na.p͈ɯ.da/

US /ɡi.bun.i nɑ.p͈u.dɑ/

The stress is generally even, but the 'ppu' in 'nappeuda' is emphasized due to the double consonant.

韻が合う語

바쁘다 (bappeuda - to be busy) 예쁘다 (yeppeuda - to be pretty) 아프다 (apeuda - to be sick/hurt) 슬프다 (seulpeuda - to be sad) 기쁘다 (gippeuda - to be happy) 고프다 (goppeuda - to be hungry) 가쁘다 (gappeuda - to be out of breath) 미쁘다 (mippeuda - to be trustworthy)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing '나쁘다' as 'nabuda' (missing the tensed 'pp').
Pronouncing '기분' as 'giboon' with a very long 'oo'.
Merging '기분이' into 'gibuni' without a clear 'i' sound.
Using an English 'b' sound for 'p' in 'nappeuda'.
Failing to conjugate the ending in speech.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize the characters and basic meaning.

ライティング 3/5

Requires correct conjugation of '나쁘다' (nappa-yo).

スピーキング 3/5

Nuance is key to avoid sounding too aggressive.

リスニング 2/5

Very common and easy to hear in context.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

기분 (mood) 나쁘다 (bad) 좋다 (good) 이/가 (subject marker)

次に学ぶ

기분이 좋다 (to feel good) 속상하다 (to be upset) 불쾌하다 (to be unpleasant)

上級

심기가 불편하다 (to be displeased - formal) 비위가 상하다 (to be offended)

知っておくべき文法

Adjective conjugation (-아요/어요)

나쁘다 -> 나빠요

Subject marker (이/가)

기분이 나쁘다

Causative (-게 하다)

기분을 나쁘게 하다

Reason (-아서/어서)

비가 와서 기분이 나빠요.

Modifier form (-ㄴ/은)

기분 나쁜 사람

レベル別の例文

기분이 나빠요.

I feel bad.

Basic polite present tense.

오늘 기분이 나빠요.

I feel bad today.

Adding a time adverb '오늘'.

기분이 나빠?

Do you feel bad?

Casual question form (Banmal).

기분이 안 나빠요.

I don't feel bad.

Negative form using '안'.

정말 기분이 나빠요.

I feel really bad.

Using '정말' for emphasis.

기분이 나빠요. 슬퍼요.

I feel bad. I am sad.

Combining two emotional states.

날씨가 나빠서 기분이 나빠요.

The weather is bad, so I feel bad.

Simple cause and effect.

기분이 나쁩니다.

I feel bad (formal).

Formal polite ending '-습니다'.

친구가 안 와서 기분이 나빠요.

I feel bad because my friend didn't come.

Using '-아서/어서' for reason.

어제는 기분이 아주 나빴어요.

Yesterday, I felt very bad.

Past tense conjugation.

돈을 잃어버려서 기분이 나빠요.

I feel bad because I lost my money.

Reason + feeling.

기분이 나쁠 때는 음악을 들어요.

When I feel bad, I listen to music.

Using '-(으)ㄹ 때' (when).

왜 기분이 나빠요?

Why do you feel bad?

Interrogative '왜' (why).

기분이 나빠 보여요. 괜찮아요?

You look like you feel bad. Are you okay?

Using '-아/어 보이다' (to look like).

그 영화는 너무 무서워서 기분이 나빴어요.

That movie was so scary that I felt bad/unpleasant.

Describing an unpleasant experience.

기분이 나쁘지만 공부를 해요.

I feel bad, but I am studying.

Using '-지만' (but).

그 사람의 태도가 무례해서 기분이 나빴어요.

I felt bad because that person's attitude was rude.

Focusing on social interaction.

아무 이유 없이 기분이 나쁠 때가 있어요.

There are times when I feel bad for no reason.

Abstract usage of 'times when'.

제 기분을 나쁘게 하지 마세요.

Please don't make me feel bad.

Causative form '-게 하다'.

그 소문을 듣고 기분이 무척 나빴습니다.

I felt very bad after hearing that rumor.

Reaction to information.

기분이 나쁘다고 해서 화를 내면 안 돼요.

Just because you feel bad doesn't mean you should get angry.

Using '-다고 해서' (just because...).

습기가 많아서 기분이 좀 나쁘네요.

It's a bit unpleasant because it's so humid.

Sensory unpleasantness.

누가 제 물건을 만지면 기분이 나빠요.

I feel bad/offended if someone touches my things.

Conditional '-(으)면'.

기분이 나쁜 것을 참고 웃었어요.

I held back my bad feelings and laughed.

Using '참다' (to endure/hold back).

그의 비아냥거리는 말투에 기분이 몹시 나빴다.

I was extremely offended by his sarcastic tone.

Advanced vocabulary '비아냥거리다'.

이곳은 분위기가 왠지 기분이 나빠요.

The atmosphere here feels creepy/unpleasant for some reason.

Describing 'vibe' or 'atmosphere'.

남의 사생활을 캐묻는 것은 기분 나쁜 일이다.

Prying into someone's private life is an unpleasant thing.

Using as a noun modifier '나쁜 일'.

기분이 나쁘더라도 예의를 지켜야 합니다.

Even if you feel bad, you must maintain etiquette.

Using '-더라도' (even if).

그의 시선이 끈적거려서 기분이 아주 나빴다.

I felt very unpleasant because his gaze was 'sticky' (lingering).

Metaphorical description of discomfort.

상대방의 기분을 나쁘게 할 의도는 없었습니다.

I had no intention of making the other person feel bad.

Explaining 'intention' (의도).

사과도 없이 그냥 가버리니까 정말 기분 나쁘네.

It's really unpleasant that they just left without an apology.

Expressing realization with '-네'.

기분이 나쁜 티를 내지 않으려고 노력했어요.

I tried not to show that I was in a bad mood.

Using '티를 내다' (to show/give away).

그의 무심한 태도는 나를 충분히 기분 나쁘게 만들었다.

His indifferent attitude was enough to make me feel quite bad.

Complex causative structure.

공적인 자리에서 그런 농담을 듣는 것은 매우 기분 나쁜 경험이었다.

Hearing such a joke in a public setting was a very unpleasant experience.

Formal context and noun phrase.

기분이 나쁘다는 이유로 업무를 소홀히 해서는 안 된다.

One should not neglect work just because they are in a bad mood.

Using '-다는 이유로' (on the grounds that).

그의 제안은 거절하기엔 너무 기분 나쁜 구석이 있었다.

There was something unpleasant about his proposal that made it hard to just decline.

Using '구석' (aspect/part).

상대방이 기분 나쁘지 않게 완곡하게 거절했다.

I declined euphemistically so as not to make the other person feel bad.

Using '완곡하게' (euphemistically).

기분이 나쁘면 나쁘다고 솔직하게 말하는 편이 좋아요.

If you feel bad, it's better to speak honestly about it.

Using '-는 편이 좋다' (it's better to...).

그의 말속에 뼈가 있는 것 같아 기분이 나빴다.

I felt bad because there seemed to be a 'bone' in his words (hidden sting).

Idiomatic expression '뼈가 있다'.

기분이 나쁜 상태에서 내린 결정은 후회하기 쉽다.

Decisions made while in a bad mood are easy to regret.

Describing a state '상태'.

사회적 통념에 어긋나는 그의 발언은 대중을 기분 나쁘게 하기에 충분했다.

His remarks, which went against social norms, were enough to offend the public.

High-level social commentary.

미묘하게 비꼬는 듯한 그 표정 자체가 기분 나쁘다.

That subtly sarcastic expression itself is unpleasant.

Focusing on subtle non-verbal cues.

기분이 나쁘다는 감정의 기저에는 무시당했다는 생각이 깔려 있었다.

Underlying the feeling of being offended was the thought that I had been ignored.

Abstract psychological analysis.

그는 자신의 기분이 나쁨을 온몸으로 뿜어내고 있었다.

He was radiating his bad mood with his entire body.

Metaphorical usage.

단순히 기분이 나쁜 수준을 넘어 모욕감을 느꼈다.

It went beyond simply feeling bad; I felt a sense of insult.

Comparing levels of emotion.

그 공간의 기분 나쁜 정적은 나를 불안하게 만들었다.

The unpleasant silence of that space made me anxious.

Using '정적' (silence) as a subject.

기분이 나쁘다는 표현조차 사치처럼 느껴지는 상황이었다.

It was a situation where even expressing that I felt bad felt like a luxury.

Hyperbolic/Literary usage.

그의 친절함 뒤에 숨겨진 기분 나쁜 의도를 간파했다.

I saw through the unpleasant intention hidden behind his kindness.

Using '간파하다' (to see through).

よく使う組み合わせ

기분이 몹시 나쁘다

기분이 나빠지다

기분을 나쁘게 하다

기분이 나쁜 표정

기분이 나쁜 꿈

기분이 나쁜 냄새

기분이 나쁜 예감

기분이 나쁜 말투

기분이 나쁜 소문

기분이 나쁜 분위기

よく使うフレーズ

기분 나쁘게 듣지 마세요

기분 나빠 죽겠다

기분이 나빠서 그래요

기분 나쁜 소리

기분 나쁜 짓

기분이 나쁠 만하다

기분이 나빠 보이다

기분이 나빠지려고 하다

기분이 나쁜 척하다

기분이 나쁜 정도

よく混同される語

기분이 나쁘다 vs 아프다

English speakers use 'feel bad' for sickness, but Korean uses '아프다'.

기분이 나쁘다 vs 슬프다

Use '슬프다' for sadness/grief; '기분이 나쁘다' is more for annoyance/offense.

기분이 나쁘다 vs 성격이 나쁘다

Refers to a bad personality, not a temporary mood.

慣用句と表現

"기분이 잡치다"

To have one's mood completely ruined (slangy).

비가 와서 여행 기분을 다 잡쳤어.

Slang

"비위가 상하다"

To feel nauseated or offended/displeased by something.

그의 거만한 태도에 비위가 상했다.

Neutral

"심기가 불편하다"

To be in a bad mood or displeased (formal/literary).

왕의 심기가 불편해 보였다.

Formal

"눈살을 찌푸리다"

To frown or knit one's brows (due to unpleasantness).

사람들은 그의 무례한 행동에 눈살을 찌푸렸다.

Neutral

"가시 돋친 말"

Thorny words (words intended to hurt or make someone feel bad).

그녀는 나에게 가시 돋친 말을 내뱉었다.

Neutral

"찬물을 끼얹다"

To throw cold water on (to ruin a good mood or atmosphere).

그의 농담이 파티 분위기에 찬물을 끼얹었다.

Neutral

"속이 뒤틀리다"

To feel twisted inside (to be very upset or jealous).

친구가 잘되는 걸 보니 속이 뒤틀렸다.

Informal

"낯을 붉히다"

To turn red in the face (due to anger or being offended).

두 사람은 말다툼을 하며 낯을 붉혔다.

Neutral

"심통이 나다"

To be cross or grumpy (often used for children).

아이는 과자를 안 사준다고 심통이 났다.

Informal

"기가 막히다"

To be dumbfounded (often in a negative, 'this is so bad it's unbelievable' way).

그의 뻔뻔한 태도에 기가 막혔다.

Neutral

間違えやすい

기분이 나쁘다 vs 기분이 안 좋다

Both mean 'bad mood.'

'안 좋다' is softer and more common for general bad moods; '나쁘다' is stronger and often implies being offended.

기분이 안 좋아요 (I'm not in a good mood) vs 기분이 나빠요 (I feel bad/offended).

기분이 나쁘다 vs 불쾌하다

Both mean 'unpleasant.'

'불쾌하다' is formal and often used for sensory or public discomfort.

불쾌한 냄새 (An unpleasant smell).

기분이 나쁘다 vs 속상하다

Both describe negative feelings.

'속상하다' is specifically for being upset or disappointed.

시험에 떨어져서 속상해요.

기분이 나쁘다 vs 짜증나다

Both involve negative moods.

'짜증나다' is specifically for annoyance or irritation.

동생이 시끄러워서 짜증나요.

기분이 나쁘다 vs 무섭다

Sometimes a 'bad feeling' is fear.

'무섭다' is for fear; '기분이 나쁘다' is for the 'creepy' vibe.

귀신이 무서워요 vs 분위기가 기분 나빠요.

文型パターン

기분이 [Adjective].

기분이 나빠요.

[Reason]-아서 기분이 나빠요.

늦어서 기분이 나빠요.

[Noun] 때문에 기분이 나빠요.

동생 때문에 기분이 나빠요.

기분을 나쁘게 하는 [Noun].

기분을 나쁘게 하는 행동.

[Verb]-다니 기분이 나쁘네요.

그런 말을 듣다니 기분이 나쁘네요.

기분이 나쁜 기저에는 [Noun]이/가 있다.

기분이 나쁜 기저에는 열등감이 있다.

기분이 나빠 보여요.

오늘 기분이 나빠 보여요.

기분이 나쁠 때 [Action].

기분이 나쁠 때 자요.

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in daily conversation and media.

よくある間違い

기분이 나빠요 (when sick) → 몸이 안 좋아요 / 아파요
'기분이 나쁘다' is for mood, not physical health.
기분을 나쁘다 → 기분이 나쁘다
'나쁘다' is an adjective and cannot take an object marker '을/를'.
기분 나쁘아요 → 기분 나빠요
The 'ㅡ' in '나쁘다' is dropped when adding '-아요'.
Using it for 'I'm sorry' → 미안해요 / 죄송해요
'I feel bad' in English can mean 'I'm sorry,' but not in Korean.
기분은 나쁘다 (standard) → 기분이 나쁘다
Unless you are contrasting your mood with something else, use '이'.

ヒント

Respecting 'Gibun'

In Korea, protecting someone's 'Gibun' is as important as telling the truth. Be careful with this phrase.

Conjugation Check

Remember that '나쁘다' changes to '나빠요' (not 나쁘아요) because of the 'ㅡ' irregular rule.

Softening the Blow

Add '좀' (a bit) to make your complaint sound less like an attack: '기분이 좀 나쁘네요'.

Beyond 'Bad'

Try using '속상하다' if you are sad-upset, and '기분이 나쁘다' if you are angry-offended.

Identify the Cause

Usually, the word before '기분이' tells you why they feel bad (e.g., '말투', '날씨').

Exclamations

Say '기분 나빠!' quickly to express sudden annoyance, like when you step in a puddle.

Formal Contexts

In essays, use '불쾌감을 주다' (to give an unpleasant feeling) instead of '기분 나쁘게 하다'.

Apologizing

If you made someone feel bad, say '기분을 나쁘게 해서 죄송합니다'.

Slang Warning

'기분 더럽다' is a very strong version of '기분 나쁘다.' Use it only with very close friends.

Vibe Check

Use this phrase to describe a 'creepy' person: '그 사람 좀 기분 나빠요'.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Gibun' as 'Given.' If the 'Given' mood is 'Nappeuda' (sounds like 'Nap' + 'Bad'), you need a 'Nap' because you feel 'Bad.'

視覚的連想

Imagine a dark cloud (기분) hanging over someone's head. The cloud is 'bad' (나쁘다).

Word Web

기분 (Mood) 나쁘다 (Bad) 사람 (Person) 날씨 (Weather) 태도 (Attitude) 냄새 (Smell) 분위기 (Atmosphere) 감정 (Emotion)

チャレンジ

Try to use '기분이 나쁘다' in three different contexts today: once for the weather, once for a rude character in a show, and once for a bad smell.

語源

Compound of '기분' (氣分) and '나쁘다'. '기분' comes from Hanja: 氣 (energy/air) and 分 (part/division).

元の意味： The distribution or state of one's internal energy.

Koreanic (with Sino-Korean roots for '기분').

文化的な背景

Be careful using '기분 나빠' (casual) as it can sound very aggressive or childish depending on the tone.

English speakers often say 'I feel bad' to mean 'I'm sorry' or 'I'm sick.' In Korean, '기분이 나쁘다' never means 'I'm sorry' or 'I'm sick.'

Commonly heard in K-Dramas like 'The Glory' when characters are insulted. Used in many K-Pop lyrics to describe a breakup or betrayal. A frequent phrase in Korean webtoons to show a character's internal irritation.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Weather

날씨가 흐려서 기분이 나빠요.
비가 오니까 기분이 나쁘네요.
너무 더워서 기분이 나빠요.
습도가 높아서 기분이 나빠요.

Social Interaction

그의 말투가 기분 나빠요.
무시당해서 기분이 나빴어요.
나쁜 소문을 들어서 기분이 나빠요.
비웃는 것 같아서 기분이 나빠요.

Sensory

냄새가 기분 나빠요.
이 방 분위기가 기분 나빠요.
축축해서 기분이 나빠요.
소리가 기분 나쁘게 들려요.

Personal State

그냥 기분이 나빠요.
아침부터 기분이 나빴어요.
이유 없이 기분이 나빠요.
꿈 자리가 사나워서 기분이 나빠요.

Work/School

점수가 안 나와서 기분이 나빠요.
부장님 때문에 기분이 나빠요.
회의 분위기가 기분 나빴어요.
숙제가 많아서 기분이 나빠요.

会話のきっかけ

"오늘 기분이 어때요? 혹시 기분 나쁜 일 있었어요?"

"기분이 나쁠 때는 보통 뭘 하세요?"

"어떤 사람의 행동이 당신을 가장 기분 나쁘게 하나요?"

"최근에 기분이 나빴던 적이 언제예요?"

"기분이 나쁜 친구를 어떻게 위로해 주나요?"

日記のテーマ

오늘 기분이 나빴던 순간이 있었다면 그 이유를 써 보세요.

기분이 나쁠 때 스트레스를 푸는 나만의 방법을 적어 보세요.

누군가 내 기분을 나쁘게 했을 때 어떻게 대처하는 것이 좋을까요?

날씨가 내 기분에 어떤 영향을 주는지 설명해 보세요.

'기분이 나쁘다'와 '슬프다'의 차이점에 대해 생각해 보세요.

よくある質問

10 問

No, '기분이 나쁘다' only refers to your mood or an unpleasant feeling. If you are sick, say '몸이 안 좋아요' or '아파요'.

It can be. If said directly to someone, it means 'I'm offended by you.' Use '기분이 좀 안 좋아요' to be softer.

'안 좋다' is 'not good' (softer), while '나쁘다' is 'bad' (stronger/more offensive).

Yes! '기분 나쁜 냄새' is a common way to describe a foul or unpleasant smell.

You can say '너 때문에 기분이 나빠' (Casual) or '당신 때문에 기분이 나빠요' (Polite).

Yes, but usually in the more formal form '기분이 나쁩니다' or the alternative '불쾌합니다'.

Yes, if the movie made you feel 'unpleasant' or 'disturbed' rather than just 'scared'.

It means 'Don't take this the wrong way' or 'No offense, but...'

In formal writing, yes. In casual speech, '이' is often dropped: '기분 나빠요'.

Yes, '나쁘다' means 'bad' in general, like '나쁜 사람' (bad person) or '날씨가 나쁘다' (bad weather).