Overview
The Korean word '고되다' (go-doe-da) is an adjective that vividly describes a state of being strenuous, tough, or arduous. It encapsulates the feeling of physical or mental exhaustion that arises from demanding tasks or circumstances.
**Nuances and Usage:**
- Physical Exertion: '고되다' is frequently used to describe physical labor or activities that require significant effort and leave one feeling tired. For example, '고된 훈련' (go-doen hun-nyeon) means 'strenuous training,' and '고된 작업' (go-doen jak-eop) refers to 'arduous work.' One might say, '하루 종일 농사일을 했더니 몸이 고되다' (Ha-ru jong-il nong-sa-il-eul haet-teo-ni mom-i go-doe-da), meaning 'My body is exhausted because I farmed all day.'
- Mental and Emotional Strain: Beyond the physical, '고되다' can also convey mental or emotional fatigue. Difficult studies, stressful jobs, or challenging relationships can all be described as '고된.' For instance, '수험생 생활은 정말 고되다' (Su-heom-saeng saeng-hwal-eun jeong-mal go-doe-da) translates to 'Student life preparing for exams is truly tough.' Or, '마음이 고되다' (ma-eum-i go-doe-da) means 'my mind is weary' or 'I am emotionally exhausted.'
- Intensity and Severity: The word inherently suggests a high degree of difficulty or hardship. It implies that the task or situation is not merely difficult but profoundly challenging, often leading to a sense of weariness or burden.
- Conjugation: As an adjective, '고되다' conjugates like other descriptive verbs. For example:
* Present tense (plain): 고되다
- Present tense (polite, declarative): 고됩니다 (go-doem-ni-da)
- Present tense (polite, interrogative): 고됩니까? (go-doem-ni-kka?)
* Past tense (polite): 고되었습니다 (go-doe-eot-seum-ni-da)
- Attributive form: 고된 (go-doen) - used before a noun, as in '고된 일' (go-doen il, strenuous work).
**Comparison with Similar Words:**
While '힘들다' (him-deul-da) also means 'difficult' or 'hard,' '고되다' often carries a stronger connotation of physical or mental exhaustion resulting from prolonged or intense effort. '힘들다' can be used for a broader range of difficulties, including simple inconvenience, whereas '고되다' specifically highlights the burdensome and tiring nature.
In essence, '고되다' is a powerful adjective that captures the essence of enduring hardship and the resulting weariness, whether it be from physical labor, intellectual challenges, or emotional strain.
例文
고된 훈련을 받다.
Used to describe training that is physically or mentally demanding.Receive strenuous training.
그 일은 생각보다 고되었다.
Expressing that a task or job was more difficult than anticipated.The work was tougher than I thought.
고된 하루를 보내고 집에 돌아왔다.
Referring to a day that was tiring or full of hardship.I came home after a tough day.
그녀는 고된 삶을 살아왔다.
Describing a life filled with difficulties and hardships.She has lived an arduous life.
그는 고된 노력 끝에 성공을 거두었다.
Highlighting the significant effort put into achieving something.He achieved success after arduous efforts.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく混同される語
Both describe a state of difficulty, but '고되다' specifically emphasizes the physical or mental exertion and effort involved, leading to exhaustion. '괴롭다' is more general, referring to a broader sense of mental or physical suffering, distress, or unpleasantness.
Both refer to something being difficult. '고되다' implies a higher degree of physical or mental strenuousness and often suggests a prolonged or repetitive effort that causes significant fatigue. '힘들다' is a more general term for difficulty and can apply to a wider range of situations, from simple tasks to complex problems, without necessarily implying exhaustion.
Both indicate difficulty. '고되다' specifically highlights the demanding nature of a task or situation in terms of the effort and energy required, leading to weariness. '어렵다' is a broader term for difficulty, referring to something that is hard to understand, solve, or achieve, and doesn't necessarily imply physical or mental exhaustion.
文法パターン
使い方
使い方のコツ
'고되다' is a descriptive verb that means to be strenuous, tough, or arduous. It is typically used to describe tasks, experiences, or periods that are physically or mentally demanding and cause fatigue. For example, '일이 고되다' (ili godoeda) means 'the work is strenuous' or 'the work is tough.' It can also be used to describe a person's life or a particular period of their life, such as '고된 삶' (godoen salm), meaning 'a tough life.' The word carries a strong connotation of difficulty and the effort required to overcome it. It's often used in more formal or reflective contexts rather than casual, everyday banter. You might hear it in news reports, literature, or when people are seriously discussing challenging situations. It's less common to use it for minor inconveniences.
よくある間違い
A common mistake might be confusing '고되다' with words like '힘들다' (to be difficult/hard in a general sense, often about personal feeling or circumstances) or '어렵다' (to be objectively difficult, challenging intellectually or practically). '고되다' specifically emphasizes the physical and mental toll of a strenuous task, implying exhaustion and a sense of toil. While a task can be '힘들다' or '어렵다' without necessarily being '고되다', if something is '고되다', it's almost certainly also '힘들다'. For example: * 시험이 어렵다 (The exam is difficult - intellectually challenging) * 시험 공부가 힘들다 (Studying for the exam is hard/tiring - personal feeling of difficulty/effort) * 광산 작업은 고되다 (Mining work is strenuous/arduous - emphasizes the physical and mental toil and exhaustion). Also, '고되다' is typically used for tasks or processes, not for abstract concepts or problems in the same way '어렵다' or '힘들다' can be. You wouldn't usually say '이 수학 문제는 고되다' (This math problem is strenuous), but rather '이 수학 문제는 어렵다' (This math problem is difficult).
ヒント
Usage Tips for '고되다'
'고되다' describes something that requires significant effort, often physical, leading to tiredness or exhaustion. It implies a sense of hardship or difficulty. You can use it to talk about work, tasks, or even a period of time. For example, '고된 훈련' (strenuous training), '고된 하루' (a tough day), or '인생이 고되다' (life is arduous). It's quite versatile in expressing difficulty and strain.
Common Mistakes & Nuances
While '고되다' generally means 'to be strenuous,' it often carries a stronger connotation of physical exhaustion and hardship compared to simply '어렵다' (difficult). Don't use it for things that are mentally challenging but not physically draining, like solving a puzzle, unless the process of solving it is itself physically exhausting. It's less about complexity and more about the toll it takes on one's energy. Also, it's typically used to describe the nature of a task or experience, rather than a temporary feeling of tiredness that can be easily remedied, like '피곤하다' (to be tired).
When to Use '고되다' Effectively
Use '고되다' when you want to emphasize the demanding and often tiring nature of an activity or situation. It's particularly effective when describing: 1. **Physically demanding work:** '농사일은 정말 고됩니다.' (Farm work is really strenuous.) 2. **Challenging training or studies:** '수험생의 삶은 고됩니다.' (The life of a test-taker is arduous.) 3. **Difficult periods in life:** '고된 시간을 보내고 있다.' (I'm going through a tough time.) It conveys a sense of enduring hardship and the resulting weariness.
語源
The Korean word '고되다' (godoeda) meaning 'to be strenuous, tough, or arduous' has an interesting etymological journey rooted in older forms of the language. It is believed to have originated from a combination of the Middle Korean word '곯다' (golta) meaning 'to suffer from hunger, to be emaciated, to be hollowed out' and the verb suffix '-되다' (-doeda) meaning 'to become' or 'to be.' The core of '곯다' historically carried connotations of hardship, suffering, and a depleted state, often associated with physical toil or deprivation. Over time, as the language evolved, this sense of severe strain and difficulty became more generalized, moving beyond just physical hunger to encompass a broader spectrum of arduous experiences. The suffix '-되다' is a common Korean auxiliary verb that transforms a noun or adjective into a verb expressing a state or a change of state. In this case, it converts the underlying concept of 'hardship' or 'suffering' into a descriptive verb, emphasizing the *condition* of being strenuous or tough. Therefore, '고되다' can be understood as 'to become or be in a state of suffering/hardship,' directly translating to its modern meaning of being physically or mentally demanding, arduous, or tough. This etymology highlights how the word intrinsically links the experience of strenuousness with a sense of enduring difficulty and effort, reflecting the challenges faced in traditional Korean life and labor.
文化的な背景
The word '고되다' (godoeda) in Korean often reflects a cultural emphasis on perseverance and enduring hardship. In South Korea, there's a strong societal value placed on hard work and overcoming challenges, whether in education, career, or daily life. This word is frequently used to describe situations that require significant effort and are physically or mentally draining. It's not uncommon to hear people use '고되다' when discussing the demanding nature of their jobs, the intensity of academic studies, or even the struggles of daily existence. The concept of '고생' (gosaeng), meaning hardship or suffering, is closely related and deeply embedded in the Korean psyche, making '고되다' a natural expression for experiences that align with this cultural understanding of enduring difficulty for a greater purpose.
覚え方のコツ
Visualize someone doing a difficult task, like climbing a steep mountain. The effort they put in, the sweat on their brow, and the feeling of exhaustion at the end — that's '고되다'. You can think of '고' as 'high' or 'hard' (like high difficulty) and '되다' as 'to become' or 'to be'. So, 'to become hard' or 'to be hard'.
よくある質問
4 問'고되다' (godaeda) is a descriptive verb in Korean that expresses the idea of something being strenuous, tough, or arduous. It conveys a strong sense of difficulty, hardship, and physical or mental exhaustion associated with an activity or situation. It's often used when describing work, tasks, or experiences that require a lot of effort and leave one feeling tired.
Certainly! A simple example would be: '일이 고되다.' (Ili godaeda.) This translates to 'The work is strenuous/tough.' or 'The work is arduous.' It indicates that the work involves significant effort and is likely tiring.
While both '고되다' and '힘들다' (himdeulda) convey difficulty, '고되다' often emphasizes a more intense and prolonged sense of physical or mental exhaustion due to hard work or demanding circumstances. '힘들다' is a more general term for 'difficult' or 'hard' and can apply to a broader range of situations, including emotional difficulties. '고되다' specifically highlights the arduous and strenuous nature that leads to weariness.
Yes, '고되다' is frequently used in contexts describing demanding labor or challenging life situations. For instance, '고된 훈련' (godoen hunryeon) means 'strenuous training,' referring to training that is very tough and physically demanding. Another common usage is '고된 삶' (godoen salm), which translates to 'a tough/arduous life,' implying a life filled with hardships and difficulties.
自分をテスト
긴 시간 동안 산을 오르는 것은 정말 ( ).
매일 반복되는 이 일상은 나에게 ( ).
시험 기간이라 밤샘 공부가 ( ).
スコア： /3
Usage Tips for '고되다'
'고되다' describes something that requires significant effort, often physical, leading to tiredness or exhaustion. It implies a sense of hardship or difficulty. You can use it to talk about work, tasks, or even a period of time. For example, '고된 훈련' (strenuous training), '고된 하루' (a tough day), or '인생이 고되다' (life is arduous). It's quite versatile in expressing difficulty and strain.
Common Mistakes & Nuances
While '고되다' generally means 'to be strenuous,' it often carries a stronger connotation of physical exhaustion and hardship compared to simply '어렵다' (difficult). Don't use it for things that are mentally challenging but not physically draining, like solving a puzzle, unless the process of solving it is itself physically exhausting. It's less about complexity and more about the toll it takes on one's energy. Also, it's typically used to describe the nature of a task or experience, rather than a temporary feeling of tiredness that can be easily remedied, like '피곤하다' (to be tired).
When to Use '고되다' Effectively
Use '고되다' when you want to emphasize the demanding and often tiring nature of an activity or situation. It's particularly effective when describing: 1. **Physically demanding work:** '농사일은 정말 고됩니다.' (Farm work is really strenuous.) 2. **Challenging training or studies:** '수험생의 삶은 고됩니다.' (The life of a test-taker is arduous.) 3. **Difficult periods in life:** '고된 시간을 보내고 있다.' (I'm going through a tough time.) It conveys a sense of enduring hardship and the resulting weariness.
例文
5 / 5고된 훈련을 받다.
Receive strenuous training.
그 일은 생각보다 고되었다.
The work was tougher than I thought.
고된 하루를 보내고 집에 돌아왔다.
I came home after a tough day.
그녀는 고된 삶을 살아왔다.
She has lived an arduous life.
그는 고된 노력 끝에 성공을 거두었다.
He achieved success after arduous efforts.
関連コンテンツ
workの関連語
주 5일제
A2A system where one works five days a week, typically Monday to Friday.
결근
A2Absence from work; not being present at work.
결근하다
A2To be absent from work.
추상적이다
A2To be abstract.
출입증
A2ID card, access card.
회계
B1The systematic recording and reporting of financial transactions.
경리
A2Accounting or bookkeeping, managing financial records.
업적
B1A notable achievement or accomplishment.
적극적이다
A2To be active, to be proactive.
적극적으로
B1In an active, proactive, or enthusiastic manner.
