Overview
The Korean word '명령하다' (myeong-nyeong-ha-da) is a verb that translates to 'to command,' 'to order,' or 'to give an authoritative instruction.' It's formed from the noun '명령' (myeong-nyeong), meaning 'command' or 'order,' and the verb '하다' (ha-da), meaning 'to do.' This structure is very common in Korean for creating verbs from nouns.
Usage and Nuances:
- 1Authoritative Context: '명령하다' inherently carries a sense of authority. It is typically used when someone in a position of power or seniority issues an instruction to someone subordinate. For example, a military general would '명령하다' to their soldiers, or a boss might '명령하다' to their employees.
- 1Formal and Direct: This verb is generally used in more formal or official contexts. It implies a direct and unambiguous instruction that is expected to be followed without question. It's less common in casual conversation among peers unless there's a strong hierarchical dynamic.
**Examples:**
- 군대에서 상관은 부하에게 명령한다. (Gun-dae-seo sang-gwan-eun bu-ha-e-ge myeong-nyeong-han-da.) - In the military, a superior officer commands their subordinates.
- 회장님께서 새로운 정책을 명령하셨습니다. (Hoe-jang-nim-kke-seo sae-ro-un jeong-chaek-eul myeong-nyeong-ha-syeot-seum-ni-da.) - The chairman ordered a new policy.
- 그는 즉시 떠나라고 명령했다. (Geu-neun jeuk-si tteo-na-ra-go myeong-nyeong-haet-da.) - He commanded them to leave immediately.
Distinction from Similar Words:
While '명령하다' means to command, it's important to distinguish it from other verbs that also convey giving instructions:
- 지시하다 (ji-si-ha-da): This also means 'to instruct' or 'to direct,' but it can be less forceful and more about guiding or providing specific directions. It can be used in both formal and informal settings, and the power dynamic isn't always as stark as with '명령하다.'
- 선생님은 학생들에게 숙제를 지시했다. (Seon-saeng-nim-eun hak-saeng-deul-e-ge suk-je-reul ji-si-haet-da.) - The teacher instructed the students on their homework.
- 시키다 (si-ki-da): This is a causative verb meaning 'to make someone do something' or 'to order/tell someone to do something.' It's more general and can be used in a wider range of contexts, from ordering food to telling a child to clean their room. It's often less formal than '명령하다' and can sometimes imply an indirect order or a request for a favor.
- 엄마는 나에게 방을 청소하라고 시켰다. (Eom-ma-neun na-e-ge bang-eul cheong-so-ha-ra-go si-kyeot-da.) - Mom made me clean my room.
- 음식을 시키다. (Eum-sik-eul si-ki-da.) - To order food.
In summary, '명령하다' emphasizes a strong, authoritative, and direct instruction from a superior to a subordinate, typically in a formal setting, where compliance is expected without question.
例文
국왕이 백성들에게 혹독한 세금을 부과하라고 명령했다.
역사The king commanded the people to pay harsh taxes.
의사는 간호사에게 환자의 혈압을 재라고 명령했다.
의료The doctor ordered the nurse to take the patient's blood pressure.
지휘관은 병사들에게 적진으로 돌격하라고 명령했다.
군사The commander ordered the soldiers to charge into the enemy line.
법원은 피고에게 손해 배상을 하라고 명령했다.
법률The court ordered the defendant to pay damages.
부모님은 내게 공부를 열심히 하라고 명령하셨다.
가정My parents commanded me to study hard.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく混同される語
명하다 is a simpler verb that also means 'to order' or 'to command,' but '명령하다' specifically emphasizes the authoritative nature of the instruction, often in a formal or military context. '명하다' can also mean 'to name' or 'to appoint.'
文法パターン
使い方
'명령하다' is a verb meaning 'to command,' 'to order,' or 'to instruct authoritatively.' It is typically used when someone in a position of power or authority issues an instruction to someone subordinate to them. For example, a general '명령하다' (commands) their soldiers, a boss '명령하다' (orders) their employees, or a parent '명령하다' (instructs) their child. The tone associated with '명령하다' is usually formal and direct, implying that compliance is expected. It's less common to use this word in casual or peer-to-peer interactions, as it can sound overly authoritarian or even rude if the power dynamic isn't clear. In such cases, more polite verbs like '부탁하다' (to request) or '말하다' (to tell) would be preferred. The object of '명령하다' typically takes the object particle '을/를' (eul/reul), and the person being commanded might be indicated with '에게' (ege) or '한테' (hante).
A common mistake for learners is confusing '명령하다' with similar-sounding words or using it in contexts where a softer request or suggestion is more appropriate. '명령하다' implies a strong, authoritative instruction or order, often from someone in a position of power or authority. Learners might mistakenly use it when they mean to say '부탁하다' (to ask a favor) or '지시하다' (to instruct, which can be less authoritative). For instance, when asking a friend to do something, '부탁하다' is much more natural than '명령하다'. Another mistake is misapplying the nuances of 'command' in English. While 'command' can sometimes mean to simply direct, '명령하다' almost always carries a heavier sense of issuing a binding order. Pay attention to the formality and power dynamics of the situation.
ヒント
Word Usage
'명령하다' (myeong-nyeong-hada) means 'to command,' 'to order,' or 'to instruct authoritatively.' It is typically used when someone in a position of power or authority gives a directive to someone of lower status or to a group. The nuance is that the instruction must be followed without question. For example, a general might '명령하다' his soldiers, or a manager might '명령하다' their subordinates. It implies a clear hierarchy and an expectation of obedience. It can also be used in a more general sense for issuing a formal directive or order, such as a court '명령하다' a specific action.
Common Mistakes
A common mistake is to use '명령하다' in situations where a softer, more polite form of instruction or request is appropriate. For instance, using it with friends, family, or colleagues of similar status can sound rude or condescending. For general requests or suggestions, words like '부탁하다' (butak-hada, to ask a favor), '요청하다' (yo-cheong-hada, to request), or '지시하다' (ji-si-hada, to direct/instruct) might be more suitable depending on the context. '명령하다' carries a strong sense of obligation and authority, so ensure the context warrants this level of formality and power dynamic. Also, avoid using it when the instruction is a personal preference or recommendation rather than a strict order.
Contextual Nuances
The nuance of '명령하다' lies in the authority of the speaker and the expectation of immediate, unquestioning compliance. It’s often associated with military, legal, or hierarchical corporate environments. Consider the relationship between the speaker and the listener. If there's a clear power imbalance where the speaker has the right to issue directives, '명령하다' is appropriate. However, in situations where collaboration, persuasion, or polite guidance is preferred, other verbs would be more fitting. For example, a teacher might '지시하다' (instruct) students, but '명령하다' would be too strong unless it's an emergency. Pay attention to the formality of the situation as well; '명령하다' is generally used in formal contexts.
語源
The Korean word '명령하다' (myeongnyeonghada) is composed of two main parts: '명령' (myeongnyeong) meaning 'order' or 'command', and '하다' (hada) which is a common verb-forming suffix meaning 'to do'. The noun '명령' (myeongnyeong) itself has a deeper etymological root in Sino-Korean vocabulary. It is derived from the Hanja characters: * 命 (myeong): This character carries meanings such as 'life', 'fate', 'destiny', and significantly, 'order', 'command', or 'decree'. Its ancient forms depict a kneeling person receiving an order from a higher authority, often associated with divine or royal mandates. In its broader sense, '命' can refer to a command that determines one's life or future. * 令 (nyeong): This character primarily means 'order', 'command', 'decree', or 'good/auspicious'. It often appears in contexts related to official directives or governmental orders. The combination of '命' and '令' thus strongly emphasizes the concept of an authoritative directive. Therefore, '명령' (myeongnyeong) literally translates to a 'life-determining command' or 'authoritative decree'. The suffix '하다' (hada) is one of the most versatile and frequently used light verbs in Korean. It attaches to many nouns, adjectives, and adverbs to create verbs. In this case, when attached to '명령', it transforms the noun 'command' into the verb 'to command' or 'to order'. Historically, the concept of issuing commands or decrees has been central to governance and social structure in East Asian societies, where Confucian values often emphasized hierarchy and obedience. The use of Sino-Korean terms for such concepts reflects the historical influence of Chinese culture and language on the development of the Korean lexicon, especially in formal, scholarly, or governmental contexts. In summary, '명령하다' has a rich etymology rooted in Hanja, signifying an authoritative and often consequential directive, and its structure clearly reflects common Korean verb formation.
文化的な背景
The word '명령하다' (myeong-nyeong-hada) carries significant cultural weight in Korea, reflecting a society that historically valued hierarchy and respect for authority. In traditional Korean culture, particularly within Confucian ideals, there's a strong emphasis on social order, where instructions or commands from elders, superiors, or those in positions of power are expected to be followed without question. This can be seen in family structures, educational settings, and workplaces. While modern Korean society has become more democratic and individualistic, remnants of this cultural context still exist. For example, in professional environments, direct commands from a superior are generally understood as expectations to be met efficiently. In personal relationships, especially within families, '명령하다' might be used by a parent towards a child, but would be considered highly inappropriate and disrespectful if used by a child towards a parent, highlighting the importance of age and status.
覚え方のコツ
The word '명령하다' (myeong-nyeong-ha-da) sounds a bit like 'myung-ryeong-ha-da'. To remember it, imagine a 'myung' (bright) general 'nyeong-nyeong' (like a ringing sound, symbolizing a clear command) giving an order. So, a bright, clear ringing command. This helps connect the sound to the meaning of commanding or ordering.
よくある質問
4 問The Korean word for 'to command' or 'to give an authoritative instruction or order' is '명령하다' (myeongnyeonghada).
'명령하다' is a verb that means to issue an order or command. It often implies a hierarchical relationship where the person giving the command has authority over the recipient. For example, a general might '명령하다' (command) their soldiers, or a manager might '명령하다' (instruct) their employees. It's used in situations where there's a clear directive being given.
Certainly! A common example is: '장군은 병사들에게 공격을 명령했다.' (Janggun-eun byeongsadeul-ege gonggyeok-eul myeongnyeonghaetda.) This translates to: 'The general commanded the soldiers to attack.' Here, '장군' (janggun) means general, '병사들' (byeongsadeul) means soldiers, and '공격' (gonggyeok) means attack.
Yes, '명령하다' carries a strong sense of authority and formality. While it directly translates to 'to command,' it can sometimes feel a bit forceful or rigid in casual contexts. Depending on the situation and relationship, other verbs like '지시하다' (jisihada - to instruct) or '요청하다' (yocheonghada - to request) might be more appropriate if a softer or less direct approach is desired. However, for a clear and authoritative order, '명령하다' is the correct choice.
自分をテスト
부장님께서 나에게 이 일을 ____. (To give an authoritative instruction or order; to command.)
그는 병사들에게 즉시 공격을 ____. (To give an authoritative instruction or order; to command.)
왕은 신하들에게 새로운 법을 ____. (To give an authoritative instruction or order; to command.)
スコア： /3
Word Usage
'명령하다' (myeong-nyeong-hada) means 'to command,' 'to order,' or 'to instruct authoritatively.' It is typically used when someone in a position of power or authority gives a directive to someone of lower status or to a group. The nuance is that the instruction must be followed without question. For example, a general might '명령하다' his soldiers, or a manager might '명령하다' their subordinates. It implies a clear hierarchy and an expectation of obedience. It can also be used in a more general sense for issuing a formal directive or order, such as a court '명령하다' a specific action.
Common Mistakes
A common mistake is to use '명령하다' in situations where a softer, more polite form of instruction or request is appropriate. For instance, using it with friends, family, or colleagues of similar status can sound rude or condescending. For general requests or suggestions, words like '부탁하다' (butak-hada, to ask a favor), '요청하다' (yo-cheong-hada, to request), or '지시하다' (ji-si-hada, to direct/instruct) might be more suitable depending on the context. '명령하다' carries a strong sense of obligation and authority, so ensure the context warrants this level of formality and power dynamic. Also, avoid using it when the instruction is a personal preference or recommendation rather than a strict order.
Contextual Nuances
The nuance of '명령하다' lies in the authority of the speaker and the expectation of immediate, unquestioning compliance. It’s often associated with military, legal, or hierarchical corporate environments. Consider the relationship between the speaker and the listener. If there's a clear power imbalance where the speaker has the right to issue directives, '명령하다' is appropriate. However, in situations where collaboration, persuasion, or polite guidance is preferred, other verbs would be more fitting. For example, a teacher might '지시하다' (instruct) students, but '명령하다' would be too strong unless it's an emergency. Pay attention to the formality of the situation as well; '명령하다' is generally used in formal contexts.
例文
5 / 5국왕이 백성들에게 혹독한 세금을 부과하라고 명령했다.
The king commanded the people to pay harsh taxes.
의사는 간호사에게 환자의 혈압을 재라고 명령했다.
The doctor ordered the nurse to take the patient's blood pressure.
지휘관은 병사들에게 적진으로 돌격하라고 명령했다.
The commander ordered the soldiers to charge into the enemy line.
법원은 피고에게 손해 배상을 하라고 명령했다.
The court ordered the defendant to pay damages.
부모님은 내게 공부를 열심히 하라고 명령하셨다.
My parents commanded me to study hard.
関連コンテンツ
この単語を他の言語で
militaryの関連語
보급품
B1Items necessary for an army, such as food, equipment, and ammunition; supplies.
재난
B1A sudden event causing great damage or loss of life; disaster.
경고하다
A1To inform someone of a possible danger or problem; to warn.
점령하다
A1To take control of a place, especially by military force; to occupy.
철수하다
A1To remove troops from an area; to withdraw.
엄숙하다
B2To be solemn or grave, often for ceremonies.
비상하다
B1To be urgent or in an emergency state.
해방하다
A1To set free from oppression or captivity; to liberate.
피하다
A1To keep away from or prevent; to avoid, dodge.
고통스럽다
B1To be painful or agonizing.
