자신 30秒で
- 자신 (jasin) means 'oneself' as a reflexive pronoun.
- It's also used in phrases like '자신이 있다' for 'self-confidence'.
- The noun '자신감' is the primary term for 'self-confidence'.
- Use '자신을' when it's the object, and '자신이' in expressions like '자신이 있다'.
- Core Meaning
- The Korean word '자신' (jasin) is a versatile pronoun that primarily means 'oneself' or 'self.' It refers back to the subject of a sentence, indicating that the action or state relates to that person. Beyond this literal meaning, '자신' is also frequently used to express 'self-confidence' or a sense of personal belief in one's abilities. This dual nature makes it a crucial word for expressing personal agency and internal states.
- Usage in Context
- When '자신' refers to 'oneself,' it functions similarly to reflexive pronouns in English like 'myself,' 'himself,' 'herself,' etc. It's used when the subject and the object of the verb are the same person. For instance, '그는 자신을 소개했다' (Geuneun jasineul sogaehaetda) means 'He introduced himself.' The particle '을/를' (eul/reul) is often attached to '자신' to mark it as the object of the verb. When '자신' is used to mean 'self-confidence,' it often appears with verbs or expressions related to having or lacking confidence, such as '자신이 있다' (jasini itda - to have confidence) or '자신이 없다' (jasini eopda - to lack confidence). In these cases, the particle '이/가' (i/ga) is typically used. Understanding these particle differences is key to grasping the nuances of '자신.' It's a word that reflects introspection and personal evaluation. You'll encounter it in discussions about personal growth, psychological states, and performance evaluations. For example, a coach might tell an athlete to believe in '자신' (themselves), encouraging them to tap into their inner strength and capabilities. Conversely, someone struggling might express a lack of '자신' (self-confidence) in their abilities.
- Key Nuances
- The word '자신' is more formal than simply using the subject's name or a personal pronoun repeatedly. It adds a layer of emphasis and directness when referring back to the subject. In spoken Korean, while '자신' is understood, people might sometimes use more casual alternatives depending on the relationship and context, but '자신' remains the standard and most appropriate term for formal writing and situations where clear reflexive reference is needed. The concept of '자신' is deeply tied to personal responsibility and self-awareness, which are valued in Korean culture. It’s about understanding and owning one's actions, thoughts, and feelings. The expression of confidence, or lack thereof, is also a significant part of social interaction and personal development, making '자신' a frequently used word in these discussions.
The importance of believing in 자신 cannot be overstated for achieving goals.
She always takes care of 자신 very well.
He spoke with great 자신 during the presentation.
- Referring to Oneself (Object)
- When '자신' acts as the direct or indirect object of a verb, meaning the action is done by the subject to themselves, you typically use the object particle '을/를'. This is the most common way to use '자신' as a reflexive pronoun. For example: '나는 매일 자신을 격려한다.' (Naneun maeil jasineul gyeokryeohanda.) - 'I encourage myself every day.' Here, '나' (I) is the subject, and '자신' (myself) is the object of the verb '격려하다' (to encourage). Another example: '그녀는 자신을 위해서 선물을 샀다.' (Geunyeoneun jasineul wihaeseo seonmureul satda.) - 'She bought a gift for herself.' In this sentence, '자신' is part of a prepositional phrase '자신을 위해서' (for oneself), still referring back to the subject '그녀' (she).
- Expressing Self-Confidence (Subject/Possessive)
- When '자신' is used to mean 'self-confidence,' it is often paired with the verb '있다' (itda - to exist, to have) or '없다' (eopda - to not exist, to lack). In these constructions, '자신' usually takes the subject particle '이/가', functioning as the subject of '있다' or '없다'. For instance: '그는 자신감이 넘친다.' (Geuneun jasinkkami neomchinda.) - 'He is full of self-confidence.' While this uses the compound noun '자신감' (self-confidence), the underlying concept is the same. Using '자신' directly: '그는 자신에게 매우 강한 믿음이 있다.' (Geuneun jasinege maeu ganghan mideumi itda.) - 'He has very strong belief in himself.' Here, '자신에게' (to oneself) is used, but the core idea is self-belief. A more direct example of confidence: '이번 시험에 자신 있다.' (Ibeon siheome jasin itda.) - 'I am confident about this exam.' In this common phrase, '자신' is understood to mean 'self-confidence' and takes the particle '이' implicitly before '있다'. The structure '자신이 있다' is a very common idiom for expressing confidence. Conversely, '자신이 없다' means to lack confidence: '발표할 때 항상 자신감이 없어요.' (Balpyohal ttae hangsang jasinkkami eopseoyo.) - 'I always lack confidence when I present.' Again, using the compound noun is more frequent, but '자신' underlies this.
- Other Grammatical Structures
- '자신' can also be used with other particles and grammatical structures to convey different shades of meaning. For example, with the possessive particle '의' (ui), it forms '자신의' (jasinui), meaning 'one's own.' This is often used to emphasize possession or attribute: '이것은 나의 자신이 쓴 책이다.' (Igeoseun naui jasinui sseun chaegida.) - 'This is a book written by my own self.' (More naturally: 'This is a book I wrote myself.') When '자신' appears in adverbial phrases, it can modify verbs or adjectives: '그는 자신 있게 말했다.' (Geuneun jasin itge malhaetda.) - 'He spoke confidently.' Here, '자신 있게' is an adverbial form derived from '자신'. The '-게' (-ge) ending turns it into an adverb. Understanding these variations allows for more sophisticated and nuanced expression when talking about oneself or personal confidence.
The athlete trained hard to improve 자신.
She always believes in 자신 even when things are tough.
He spoke with great 자신 about his future plans.
- Everyday Conversations
- You will hear '자신' frequently in everyday Korean conversations, especially when people are talking about their personal feelings, actions, or capabilities. For example, a friend might say, '어제는 나 자신에게 실망했어.' (Eojeneun na jasin-ege silmanghaesseo.) - 'Yesterday, I was disappointed in myself.' Here, '자신' is used reflexively with the particle '에게' (to). Or, someone might encourage another by saying, '너 자신을 믿어!' (Neo jasin-eul mideo!) - 'Believe in yourself!' This is a very common phrase used to boost morale. When discussing personal achievements or failures, '자신' is indispensable. A student might say, '이번 학기에는 자신을 더 발전시키고 싶어요.' (Ibeon hakgi-eneun jasin-eul deo baljeonsikigo sipeoyo.) - 'This semester, I want to develop myself more.' The use of '자신' here emphasizes the personal journey of self-improvement.
- Media and Entertainment
- In Korean dramas, movies, and music, '자신' is used extensively to portray characters' internal struggles, growth, and self-discovery. A character overcoming adversity might deliver a powerful line like, '나는 나 자신을 절대 포기하지 않을 것이다.' (Naneun na jasin-eul jeoldae pogihaji aneul geosida.) - 'I will never give up on myself.' This highlights the theme of resilience. In motivational speeches or songs, you'll often hear phrases encouraging listeners to find their inner strength and believe in themselves, using '자신' prominently. For example, a song might have lyrics like, '네 안의 자신을 깨워라.' (Ne anui jasin-eul kkaewora.) - 'Awaken the self within you.' This metaphorical use of '자신' is common in artistic expressions.
- Academic and Professional Settings
- In more formal contexts like academic lectures, business meetings, or self-help books, '자신' is used to discuss personal responsibility, self-awareness, and confidence. A professor might discuss the psychological impact of self-perception, saying, '자신의 능력에 대한 믿음은 성공의 중요한 요소입니다.' (Jasin-eui neungnyeok-e daehan mideum-eun seonggong-ui jungyohan yoso-imnida.) - 'Belief in one's own abilities is an important factor for success.' Here, '자신의' functions as a possessive modifier. In a job interview or performance review, one might say, '저는 제 자신을 잘 알고 있습니다.' (Jeoneun je jasin-eul jal algo itseumnida.) - 'I know myself well.' This demonstrates self-awareness. The phrase '자신감 부족' (jasinkkam bujok - lack of confidence) is also common in discussions about personal development and mental well-being, where '자신' is the root concept.
The character vowed to protect 자신 at all costs.
She expressed her belief in 자신 during the competition.
He struggled with 자신 after the failure.
- Confusing '자신' with Personal Pronouns
- A common mistake for learners is to overuse '자신' when a personal pronoun like '나' (I), '너' (you), '그' (he), '그녀' (she) would be more appropriate, or vice versa. '자신' is specifically a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject. If the subject and object are different, you should use the appropriate personal pronoun. For example, saying '나는 너를 소개했다' (Naneun neoreul sogaehaetda - I introduced you) is correct, but saying '나는 나 자신을 소개했다' (Naneun na jasin-eul sogaehaetda - I introduced myself) is also correct if that's the intended meaning. The mistake arises when trying to say 'I introduced him' and incorrectly using '자신'. It should be '나는 그를 소개했다' (Naneun geureul sogaehaetda).
- Incorrect Particle Usage
- Another frequent error is the misuse of particles with '자신'. As mentioned, '자신을' is used when '자신' is the object of an action. However, when expressing self-confidence, as in 'I am confident,' the phrase often uses '자신이 있다' (jasini itda), where '자신' acts as the subject of '있다'. Learners might incorrectly use '자신을 있다' or '자신을 없다'. For example, saying '나는 자신을 있다' is grammatically incorrect. The correct form is '나는 자신(이) 있다' (Naneun jasin(i) itda) or more commonly '나는 자신감이 있다' (Naneun jasinkkami itda). Similarly, for lack of confidence, it's '자신(이) 없다' (jasin(i) eopda), not '자신을 없다'.
- Over-reliance on '자신' for 'Self-Confidence'
- While '자신' can imply self-confidence, especially in phrases like '자신 있다', learners sometimes try to use '자신' directly as a noun meaning 'self-confidence' in all contexts, which can sound unnatural. The dedicated noun for 'self-confidence' is '자신감' (jasinkkam). So, instead of saying '그는 자신을 자랑했다' (Geuneun jasin-eul jaranghaetda - He boasted about himself), which is fine, if you want to say 'He boasted about his self-confidence,' you should say '그는 자신감을 자랑했다' (Geuneun jasinkkam-eul jaranghaetda). Using '자신' where '자신감' is more appropriate can lead to awkward phrasing. For instance, you wouldn't say '그는 자신을 많이 가지고 있다' (Geuneun jasin-eul mani gajigo itda) to mean 'He has a lot of self-confidence'; the correct phrasing involves '자신감'.
- Using '자신' in the First Person
- When referring to oneself (first person), it's common to explicitly use '나 자신' (na jasin) or '저 자신' (jeo jasin) for emphasis, rather than just '자신'. For example, '나는 나 자신에게 물었다' (Naneun na jasin-ege mul-eotda - I asked myself). If you just say '나는 자신에게 물었다' (Naneun jasin-ege mul-eotda), it can sometimes be ambiguous if the context isn't clear, though it's often understood. However, for clarity and emphasis, especially in writing or formal speech, adding the personal pronoun before '자신' is recommended. Forgetting to add '나' or '저' can make the sentence sound slightly incomplete or less emphatic.
Incorrect: 나는 자신을 있다. Correct: 나는 자신(이) 있다.
Incorrect: 나는 그를 소개했다 (meaning 'I introduced myself'). Correct: 나는 나 자신을 소개했다.
Incorrect: 그는 자신을 많이 가지고 있다 (meaning 'He has a lot of self-confidence'). Correct: 그는 자신감을 많이 가지고 있다.
- Reflexive Pronouns
- '자신' (jasin) is the primary reflexive pronoun in Korean, equivalent to 'oneself' in English. It's used when the subject of the sentence is also the object of the verb. For example: '그는 자신을 칭찬했다.' (Geuneun jasineul chingchanhaetda.) - 'He praised himself.' In English, we use 'myself', 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', 'ourselves', 'yourselves', 'themselves'. '자신' covers all these third-person singular and plural reflexive forms. For the first person, it's common to use '나 자신' (na jasin - myself) or '저 자신' (jeo jasin - myself, formal). For the second person, it's '너 자신' (neo jasin - yourself) or '당신 자신' (dangsin jasin - yourself, formal and often used between spouses or in specific contexts).
- Self-Confidence
- When referring to 'self-confidence', the noun '자신감' (jasinkkam) is the most direct and commonly used word. While '자신' can be used in expressions like '자신이 있다' (to have confidence), '자신감' is the standalone noun. For example: '그녀는 뛰어난 자신감을 가지고 있다.' (Geunyeoneun ttwieonan jasinkkam-eul gajigo itda.) - 'She possesses outstanding self-confidence.' '자신' itself does not directly mean 'self-confidence' as a noun but is part of the idiomatic expression. Another related concept is '자존감' (jajongam), which means 'self-esteem' or 'self-worth'. This refers to a person's overall sense of their own value and worth, which is related to but distinct from confidence in one's abilities. '자존감' is about feeling good about who you are, while '자신감' is about believing you can do things.
- Possessive Modifier
- To indicate 'one's own', the phrase '자신의' (jasinui) is used. This functions similarly to 'my own', 'his own', etc. For instance: '그는 자신의 실수를 인정했다.' (Geuneun jasinui silsu-reul injeonghaetda.) - 'He admitted his own mistake.' This is often used for emphasis. Alternatives can include using the possessive particle '의' with the personal pronoun, like '그의 실수' (geuui silsu - his mistake), but '자신의' adds a layer of personal ownership or emphasis on it being their very own action or possession.
- Emphasizing the Subject
- In some contexts, adding '자신' after a personal pronoun can emphasize the subject, similar to 'I myself' or 'He himself'. For example, '나는 자신을 믿는다' (Naneun jasin-eul minneunda) means 'I believe myself'. If you want to emphasize 'I', you can say '나, 자신을 믿는다' (Na, jasin-eul minneunda) or '나는 나 자신을 믿는다' (Naneun na jasin-eul minneunda). This is a way to highlight that the belief is directed inward, from the self to the self, with an added emphasis on the self.
'자신' is the reflexive pronoun, while '자신감' is the noun for self-confidence.
'자신' covers 'myself', 'himself', 'herself', etc., in third-person contexts.
'자존감' refers to self-esteem, a person's sense of worth.
- Comparison Table
- | Korean Word | English Meaning | Usage Context | Example Sentence | |---|---|---|---| | 자신 (jasin) | Oneself (reflexive pronoun) | Refers back to the subject. | 그는 자신을 믿었다. (He believed himself.) | | 자신감 (jasinkkam) | Self-confidence | Noun form, abstract concept. | 그녀는 자신감이 넘친다. (She is full of self-confidence.) | | 자존감 (jajongam) | Self-esteem, Self-worth | Person's sense of value. | 낮은 자존감은 우울증을 유발할 수 있다. (Low self-esteem can lead to depression.) | | 자신의 (jasinui) | One's own | Possessive modifier, emphasizes ownership. | 이것은 자신의 생각이다. (This is one's own thought.) |
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The character '身' (sin) originally depicted a person bending over to tie their sash, symbolizing a person's physical form and identity. Over time, it came to represent the entire self. The combination with '自' (self) firmly established its meaning as 'oneself'.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the initial 'ㅈ' as a simple 'z' or 'j' sound without the affricate quality.
- Confusing the 'ㅅ' sound with a 'sh' sound.
- Not clearly distinguishing the 'ㅣ' vowel sound from other vowels.
- Omitting the final 'ㄴ' sound.
難易度
CEFR B1 level. Understanding '자신' requires grasping its dual meaning as a reflexive pronoun and its role in expressions of confidence. The context and attached particles are crucial for correct interpretation. Recognizing '자신감' as the primary noun for confidence is also important.
CEFR B1 level. Learners need to correctly apply '자신' as a reflexive pronoun, paying attention to particles ('자신을', '자신이'). Using it appropriately in confidence expressions ('자신이 있다') and distinguishing it from '자신감' are key challenges for accurate writing.
CEFR B1 level. Pronouncing '자신' correctly and using it naturally in conversation, especially in reflexive contexts or when expressing confidence, requires practice. Understanding the nuances of particle usage in spoken Korean is vital.
CEFR B1 level. Recognizing '자신' in spoken Korean, especially distinguishing its reflexive meaning from its role in confidence expressions, depends on listening for context and particle sounds. Understanding the common phrases involving '자신' is crucial.
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前提知識
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知っておくべき文法
Reflexive Pronoun Usage
Subject + Object Particle + 자신 + Verb. Example: 나는 나 자신을 믿는다. (I believe myself.)
Idiomatic Expressions for Confidence
주어 + 자신(이) + 있다/없다. Example: 그는 자신(이) 있다. (He is confident.)
Possessive Modifier '자신의'
자신의 + Noun. Example: 이것은 자신의 생각이다. (This is one's own thought.)
Adverbial Form '자신 있게'
자신 있게 + Verb. Example: 그는 자신 있게 말했다. (He spoke confidently.)
Emphasis with '자기 자신'
자기 자신 + Object Particle + Verb. Example: 자기 자신을 아는 것이 중요하다. (Knowing oneself is important.)
レベル別の例文
나 자신을 사랑해요.
I love myself.
'나 자신' is used for 'myself' in the first person.
이것은 나 자신을 위한 선물이에요.
This is a gift for myself.
'나 자신을 위해서' means 'for myself'.
나는 나 자신을 알아야 해요.
I need to know myself.
Reflexive pronoun referring back to the subject 'I'.
그녀는 자신을 소개했어요.
She introduced herself.
'자신' is used for 'herself'.
그는 자신을 믿어요.
He believes himself.
'자신' is the object of the verb '믿다' (to believe).
우리는 우리 자신을 격려해야 합니다.
We must encourage ourselves.
'우리 자신' is used for 'ourselves'.
너 자신을 믿어!
Believe in yourself!
'너 자신' is used for 'yourself' (informal).
그들은 자신을 자랑스러워했어요.
They were proud of themselves.
'그들 자신' is used for 'themselves'.
그는 자신에게 실망했다.
He was disappointed in himself.
'자신에게' (to oneself) is used with the verb '실망하다' (to be disappointed).
스스로 자신을 돌보는 것이 중요해요.
It's important to take care of yourself.
'스스로 자신을 돌보다' emphasizes self-care.
그녀는 자신을 많이 사랑해요.
She loves herself a lot.
Emphasis on self-love using '많이' (a lot).
이 프로젝트는 자신을 위한 도전입니다.
This project is a challenge for myself.
'자신을 위한' means 'for oneself'.
발표를 잘 하려면 자신감이 있어야 해요.
You need self-confidence to present well.
Uses the noun '자신감' (self-confidence).
그는 자신을 너무 과대평가하는 경향이 있다.
He tends to overestimate himself.
'과대평가하다' means to overestimate.
너 자신에게 솔직해야 해.
You need to be honest with yourself.
'너 자신에게 솔직하다' means to be honest with oneself.
그녀는 자신의 능력을 믿는다.
She believes in her own abilities.
'자신의 능력' means 'one's own abilities'.
새로운 도전을 할 때 자신에게 용기를 북돋아 주어야 한다.
When facing new challenges, you must give yourself courage.
'자신에게 용기를 북돋아 주다' means to encourage oneself.
그는 자신의 실수로부터 배우려고 노력했다.
He tried to learn from his own mistakes.
'자신의 실수로부터 배우다' means to learn from one's own mistakes.
발표할 때 자신감이 부족해서 떨었다.
I trembled because I lacked self-confidence when presenting.
Uses '자신감 부족' (lack of self-confidence).
자신을 과소평가하지 마세요. 당신은 더 잘할 수 있어요.
Don't underestimate yourself. You can do better.
'과소평가하다' means to underestimate.
그는 항상 자신만의 방식으로 문제를 해결한다.
He always solves problems in his own way.
'자신만의 방식' means 'one's own unique way'.
어려운 상황에서도 자신을 잃지 않는 것이 중요하다.
It's important not to lose oneself even in difficult situations.
'자신을 잃지 않다' means not to lose oneself.
그녀는 자신의 의견을 자신 있게 말했다.
She stated her opinion confidently.
'자신 있게' is an adverbial form meaning 'confidently'.
자신을 되돌아보는 시간을 가져야 한다.
You need to take time to reflect on yourself.
'자신을 되돌아보다' means to reflect on oneself.
성공은 종종 자신을 믿는 사람들에게 찾아온다.
Success often comes to those who believe in themselves.
Connects self-belief with success.
그는 자신의 한계를 극복하기 위해 끊임없이 노력했다.
He constantly strived to overcome his own limitations.
'자신의 한계를 극복하다' means to overcome one's own limitations.
실패는 자신을 되돌아보고 성장할 기회를 제공한다.
Failure offers an opportunity to reflect on oneself and grow.
Links failure with self-reflection and growth.
자신감 부족으로 인해 그는 중요한 기회를 놓쳤다.
Due to a lack of self-confidence, he missed an important opportunity.
Demonstrates the negative impact of lacking confidence.
자신의 잠재력을 최대한 발휘하는 것이 중요하다.
It is important to fully realize one's own potential.
'잠재력을 발휘하다' means to realize potential.
그는 타인의 평가에 흔들리지 않고 자신을 지켰다.
He defended himself without being swayed by others' evaluations.
'자신을 지키다' means to protect oneself or stand by oneself.
자신 있게 말하는 능력은 리더에게 필수적이다.
The ability to speak confidently is essential for a leader.
Highlights the importance of confident speech.
자기 자신에 대한 깊은 이해는 행복의 기초가 된다.
A deep understanding of oneself becomes the foundation of happiness.
'자기 자신' is often used for emphasis on 'oneself'.
진정한 성장은 자신과의 끊임없는 대화를 통해 이루어진다.
True growth is achieved through constant dialogue with oneself.
Emphasizes introspection for personal growth.
그는 자신의 약점을 인정하고 이를 강점으로 전환하려는 노력을 기울였다.
He acknowledged his own weaknesses and made efforts to turn them into strengths.
Focuses on self-awareness and self-improvement strategies.
자신에게 솔직해지는 것은 때로는 가장 어려운 자기 성찰이다.
Being honest with oneself is sometimes the most difficult self-reflection.
Highlights the difficulty of genuine self-honesty.
자신감 과잉은 종종 내면의 불안감을 감추기 위한 방어 기제이다.
Overconfidence is often a defense mechanism to hide inner insecurity.
Analyzes the psychological roots of overconfidence.
자신의 가치를 타인의 인정에 두지 않는 것이 진정한 자기 존중이다.
Not placing one's own value on others' approval is true self-respect.
Distinguishes self-respect from seeking external approval.
그는 자신의 이상을 실현하기 위해 모든 것을 걸었다.
He risked everything to realize his own ideals.
Illustrates dedication to personal ideals.
자신을 객관적으로 평가하는 능력은 성공적인 리더십의 핵심 요소이다.
The ability to objectively evaluate oneself is a key element of successful leadership.
Connects self-assessment with leadership qualities.
자신의 삶의 주체로서 능동적인 태도를 견지해야 한다.
One must maintain an active attitude as the agent of one's own life.
Emphasizes agency and proactive living.
자아실현은 궁극적으로 자신과의 깊은 화해와 자기 수용에서 비롯된다.
Self-actualization ultimately stems from a deep reconciliation with oneself and self-acceptance.
Discusses self-actualization through self-reconciliation and acceptance.
그는 자신의 존재론적 고독을 받아들이고 삶의 의미를 재정립했다.
He accepted his own existential solitude and redefined the meaning of his life.
Explores existential themes and self-definition.
자신에게 끊임없이 질문을 던지는 것은 지적 성장의 필수 불가결한 동력이다.
Constantly posing questions to oneself is an indispensable driving force for intellectual growth.
Highlights the role of self-questioning in intellectual development.
타인의 기대에 부응하려는 강박은 자신을 잃어버리게 만드는 가장 빠른 길이다.
The compulsion to meet others' expectations is the fastest way to lose oneself.
Warns against losing identity due to external pressures.
자신의 내면을 탐구하는 여정은 종종 고통스럽지만, 그 끝에는 깊은 평화가 있다.
The journey of exploring one's inner self is often painful, but at its end lies deep peace.
Describes the arduous but rewarding nature of introspection.
자기 인식의 심화는 자신을 객관화하고 비판적으로 성찰하는 능력에서 비롯된다.
Deepening self-awareness stems from the ability to objectify oneself and critically reflect.
Explains the process of developing profound self-awareness.
자신에게 진실한 삶을 사는 것은 외부의 성공보다 훨씬 더 큰 만족을 준다.
Living a life true to oneself brings far greater satisfaction than external success.
Prioritizes authenticity over external achievements.
모든 인간은 자신의 삶의 서사를 스스로 창조할 힘을 가지고 있다.
Every human being possesses the power to create their own life narrative.
Emphasizes personal agency in shaping one's life story.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— Myself (with emphasis)
나는 나 자신에게 실망했다. (I was disappointed in myself.)
— Yourself (informal, with emphasis)
너 자신을 믿어야 해. (You must believe in yourself.)
— To be confident; To have confidence
나는 이 시험에 자신 있다. (I am confident about this exam.)
— To lack confidence; To not be confident
그는 사람들 앞에서 말하는 것에 자신 없어 한다. (He lacks confidence in speaking in front of people.)
— To introduce oneself
먼저 자신을 소개하는 시간을 갖겠습니다. (First, we will have time to introduce ourselves.)
— To reflect on oneself; To look back on oneself
새해에는 자신을 돌아보는 시간을 많이 가지려고 한다. (I plan to spend a lot of time reflecting on myself in the New Year.)
— To believe in oneself
가장 중요한 것은 자신을 믿는 것이다. (The most important thing is to believe in oneself.)
— To love oneself
자신을 사랑하는 것은 행복의 시작이다. (Loving oneself is the beginning of happiness.)
— One's own thing; One's own possession
이것은 나의 자신의 것이다. (This is my own thing.)
— Confidently (adverb)
그녀는 자신 있게 발표를 마쳤다. (She finished her presentation confidently.)
よく混同される語
'자기' is often used as a prefix (e.g., 자기 자신, 자기소개) or as a noun meaning 'self' in a more abstract sense. While related, '자신' is the primary reflexive pronoun used as the direct object or in specific confidence expressions.
'자신감' is the noun for 'self-confidence'. '자신' is used in idiomatic expressions like '자신이 있다' (to have confidence), but '자신감' is the direct word for the abstract concept.
'자신' means 'oneself', whereas '타인' means 'others'. They are direct antonyms in terms of who is being referred to.
慣用句と表現
— To belittle oneself; To put oneself down.
그는 항상 자신을 깎아내리는 말을 한다. (He always says things that belittle himself.)
Informal/Colloquial— To push oneself hard; To drive oneself.
목표를 달성하기 위해 자신을 채찍질해야 했다. (I had to push myself hard to achieve the goal.)
Formal/Figurative— To ask oneself; To question oneself.
이것이 정말 옳은 일인지 자신에게 물었다. (I asked myself if this was truly the right thing to do.)
Neutral— To deceive oneself.
그는 자신의 잘못을 인정하지 않고 자신을 속였다. (He deceived himself by not admitting his mistake.)
Neutral— A battle with oneself; An internal struggle.
그는 오랜 시간 자신과의 싸움을 계속했다. (He continued the battle with himself for a long time.)
Figurative/Psychological— To strengthen oneself; To build up one's resolve or character.
새로운 환경에 적응하기 위해 자신을 다져야 했다. (I had to strengthen myself to adapt to the new environment.)
Formal/Figurative— To throw oneself into something; To commit oneself wholeheartedly.
그녀는 새로운 프로젝트에 자신을 던졌다. (She threw herself into the new project.)
Figurative— To forget oneself; To become absorbed in something.
음악에 몰두하여 자신을 잊었다. (Absorbed in the music, I forgot myself.)
Figurative— To invest in oneself.
자기 계발을 위해 자신에게 투자하는 것은 매우 중요하다. (Investing in oneself for self-development is very important.)
Modern/Business— To lose oneself; To lose one's sense of identity.
힘든 시기에 자신을 잃어버릴 뻔했다. (I almost lost myself during the difficult times.)
Figurative/Psychological間違えやすい
Both '자신' and '자기 자신' refer to 'oneself'.
'자기 자신' is used for emphasis, similar to 'I myself' or 'he himself'. '자신' can be used alone and is generally the standard reflexive pronoun. For example, '그는 자신을 소개했다' (He introduced himself) is standard, while '그는 자기 자신을 소개했다' adds emphasis.
나는 나 자신에게 물었다. (I asked myself.) vs. 나는 자기 자신에게 물었다. (I asked myself - with emphasis.)
'자신' is used in expressions for confidence, leading to confusion with the noun '자신감'.
'자신' itself is not the noun for 'self-confidence'. The noun is '자신감'. While '자신이 있다' means 'to have confidence', you cannot say '자신이 있다' to mean 'self-confidence' as a noun. The correct structure for the noun is '자신감을 가지고 있다' (to possess self-confidence).
Correct: 나는 자신(이) 있다. (I am confident.) Correct: 나는 자신감을 가지고 있다. (I have self-confidence.) Incorrect: 나는 자신을 가지고 있다. (This sounds unnatural for confidence.)
Both can sometimes refer to the 'self' in a broad sense.
'자신' refers to the abstract self, the person, or one's being, including mental and emotional aspects. '몸' specifically refers to the physical body. While '몸조심하다' (take care of your body) can imply taking care of oneself, '자신을 돌보다' (take care of oneself) is broader and includes mental and emotional well-being.
자신을 돌보다 (take care of oneself - broadly) vs. 몸을 돌보다 (take care of one's body - physically).
They are direct opposites in meaning.
'자신' means 'oneself', referring to the subject. '타인' means 'other people'. They are antonyms and are often used in contrast to highlight the difference between one's own actions/feelings and those of others.
자신에게는 엄격하고 타인에게는 관대하다. (Be strict with oneself and generous with others.)
Both '타인' and '남' mean 'others'.
'남' is a more colloquial and common term for 'others' compared to '타인'. The contrast between '자신' and '남' is very frequent in everyday conversation.
자신보다 남을 먼저 생각하다. (Think of others before oneself.)
文型パターン
Subject + 나 자신 + 을/를 + Verb
나는 나 자신을 사랑해요. (I love myself.)
Subject + 자신 + 에게 + Verb
그는 자신에게 실망했다. (He was disappointed in himself.)
Subject + 자신 + 이/가 + 있다/없다
나는 자신(이) 있다. (I am confident.)
Subject + 자신의 + Noun
그는 자신의 실수를 인정했다. (He admitted his own mistake.)
Subject + 자신 있게 + Verb
그녀는 자신 있게 말했다. (She spoke confidently.)
Subject + 자기 자신 + 을/를 + Verb
자기 자신을 아는 것이 중요하다. (It is important to know oneself.)
Subject + 자신 + 을/를 + 극복하다
그는 자신을 극복하기 위해 노력했다. (He strove to overcome himself.)
Subject + 자신 + 과의 + Noun
그는 자신과의 싸움을 계속했다. (He continued the battle with himself.)
語族
名詞
関連
使い方
High
-
Using '자신' when a personal pronoun is needed for a different person.
→
Use '그를' (him), '그녀를' (her), etc., when the subject and object are different.
'자신' is strictly for referring back to the subject. For example, 'I introduced him' is '나는 그를 소개했다', not '나는 자신을 소개했다'.
-
Incorrect particle usage with confidence expressions, like '자신을 있다'.
→
'자신이 있다' (to have confidence).
When expressing confidence, '자신' acts as the subject of '있다', thus taking the '이' particle. '자신을 있다' is grammatically incorrect.
-
Using '자신' as a noun for 'self-confidence' in all contexts.
→
Use '자신감' for the noun 'self-confidence'.
While '자신' is part of confidence expressions, '자신감' is the dedicated noun. For example, 'He has self-confidence' is '그는 자신감이 있다', not '그는 자신을 있다'.
-
Forgetting to add '나' or '저' when referring to oneself ('myself').
→
'나 자신' or '저 자신'.
While '자신' can sometimes be understood as 'myself' in context, explicitly adding '나' or '저' provides clarity and emphasis, especially in formal writing or speech.
-
Confusing the reflexive meaning with the possessive meaning.
→
Use '자신을' for reflexive actions and '자신의' for possessive modifiers.
'자신을' is the object form (e.g., 'He praised himself' - '그는 자신을 칭찬했다'). '자신의' modifies a noun (e.g., 'his own mistake' - '자신의 실수').
ヒント
Particle Power
Always pay attention to the particles attached to '자신'. '자신을' usually indicates the object of an action directed towards oneself, while '자신이' is commonly found in expressions of confidence like '자신이 있다'.
Emphasize with '자기 자신'
For added emphasis when referring to oneself, use '자기 자신' instead of just '자신'. This is akin to saying 'I myself' or 'he himself' in English.
Confidence Noun
While '자신' is part of confidence expressions, remember that the primary noun for 'self-confidence' is '자신감'. Use '자신감' when you want to talk about the abstract quality of confidence.
Affricate 'ㅈ'
Practice the initial 'ㅈ' sound in '자신'. It's an affricate, similar to the 'j' in 'judge', not a simple 'z' or 'j'.
Reflexive vs. Confidence
Context is key. If someone is talking about an action they did to themselves, '자신' is likely a reflexive pronoun. If they are talking about their ability or belief in doing something, it's likely related to confidence.
Visual Association
Imagine a person looking in a mirror and confidently saying '자신!' to their reflection. This visual can help connect the word with its meaning of 'oneself' and 'confidence'.
Possessive '자신의'
To say 'one's own', use '자신의' before a noun. For instance, '자신의 생각' means 'one's own thought'.
First Person Clarity
When referring to yourself (first person), using '나 자신' or '저 자신' makes it clearer and more emphatic than just '자신'.
Related Concepts
Understand related terms like '자존감' (self-esteem) and '자기' (self, prefix) to build a richer vocabulary around the concept of 'self'.
Sentence Creation
Create your own sentences using '자신' in different contexts (reflexive pronoun, confidence expression, possessive). This active practice solidifies understanding.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of '자신' as 'Jazzy Shin'. Imagine a person named Shin who is incredibly jazzy and confident. This jazzy Shin always believes in himself and takes care of himself. So, 'Jazzy Shin' = '자신' = oneself and self-confidence.
視覚的連想
Picture a person looking into a mirror, but the reflection is a slightly more confident and empowered version of themselves. The word '자신' is written in bold letters on the mirror's surface.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to use '자신' in at least five sentences today, covering both meanings: referring to oneself and expressing self-confidence. For example, 'I encouraged myself' and 'I am confident about this task.'
語源
The word '자신' originates from Chinese characters (Hanja). The characters are 自身. '自' (ja) means 'self' or 'oneself', and '身' (sin) means 'body' or 'person'. Together, they literally mean 'self-body' or 'one's own person'.
元の意味： Self, one's own person.
Sino-Korean (derived from Chinese characters)文化的な背景
When discussing self-confidence in Korean culture, it's important to be mindful of context. While directness is appreciated, excessive boasting or arrogance might be viewed negatively. It's often about demonstrating capability through actions rather than just words. Encouraging someone by saying 'You can do it!' or 'Believe in yourself!' is generally well-received.
In many English-speaking cultures, direct expressions of self-confidence are often encouraged as a sign of assertiveness and competence. While self-reflection is also valued, the emphasis might lean more towards outward achievement and individualistic success.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Personal Reflection and Self-Improvement
- 자신을 돌아보다
- 자신을 발전시키다
- 자신에게 솔직하다
- 자신을 믿다
Expressing Confidence and Doubt
- 자신이 있다
- 자신이 없다
- 자신감 부족
- 자신 있게 말하다
Introducing Oneself
- 자신을 소개하다
- 자기소개
- 나 자신
Self-Care and Self-Love
- 자신을 사랑하다
- 자신을 돌보다
- 자신에게 투자하다
Internal Struggles and Resilience
- 자신을 잃다
- 자신과의 싸움
- 자신을 깎아내리다
- 자신을 지키다
会話のきっかけ
"오늘 하루 자신에게 가장 잘한 일은 무엇인가요?"
"최근에 자신에게 했던 가장 큰 칭찬은 무엇인가요?"
"자신을 믿는 것이 왜 중요하다고 생각하시나요?"
"자신이 가장 자랑스러웠던 순간은 언제였나요?"
"자신을 더 발전시키기 위해 어떤 노력을 하고 있나요?"
日記のテーマ
오늘 당신의 감정 상태는 어떤가요? 자신에게 솔직하게 답해보세요.
최근 겪었던 어려움 속에서 자신을 어떻게 다독였나요?
당신의 강점과 약점을 자신에게 솔직하게 이야기해보세요.
자신이 꿈꾸는 미래의 모습은 어떤가요? 그 모습을 이루기 위해 자신에게 어떤 격려가 필요한가요?
자신을 사랑하고 존중하기 위해 오늘 무엇을 할 수 있을까요?
よくある質問
10 問Yes, '자신' is the standard reflexive pronoun in Korean. It covers 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', and 'themselves' when referring back to the subject. For the first person ('myself'), it's common to use '나 자신' or '저 자신' for emphasis and clarity. For the second person ('yourself'), it's '너 자신' or '당신 자신'.
'자신' is primarily a reflexive pronoun meaning 'oneself'. It is also used in expressions like '자신이 있다' (to have confidence). The noun '자신감' is the direct word for 'self-confidence'. So, while '자신' is related to confidence, '자신감' is the abstract concept.
The most common way is '저는 자신(이) 있어요' (Jeoneun jasin(i) isseoyo) or '저는 자신감이 있어요' (Jeoneun jasinkkami isseoyo). The particle '이' after '자신' is often optional in spoken Korean but grammatically present.
'자신을' is used when '자신' is the direct or indirect object of a verb (e.g., '그는 자신을 칭찬했다' - He praised himself). '자신이' is typically used in the expressions '자신이 있다' (to have confidence) and '자신이 없다' (to lack confidence), where '자신' acts as the subject of '있다' or '없다'.
No, '자신' itself does not mean 'my own'. The possessive form is '자신의' (jasinui), which means 'one's own'. For example, '그는 자신의 실수를 인정했다' (He admitted his own mistake).
'자신' is generally considered a standard or slightly formal term. In very casual conversations among close friends, people might use personal pronouns or context to refer to oneself. However, '자신' is the most appropriate and universally understood term for reflexive reference in most situations, especially in writing and formal speech.
'자기 자신' is used for emphasis, meaning 'oneself' with added weight. It's similar to saying 'I myself' or 'he himself'. For example, '자기 자신을 아는 것이 중요하다' (Knowing oneself is important) emphasizes the act of knowing one's own self.
The common phrases are '자신을 믿으세요' (jasineul mideuseyo - formal/polite), '자신을 믿어' (jasineul mideo - informal), or '너 자신을 믿어' (neo jasineul mideo - informal, with emphasis on 'you').
No, '자신' is a pronoun and a noun (in expressions). It cannot directly modify another noun as an adjective. The related adverbial form is '자신 있게' (confidently).
Common mistakes include using '자신' when a personal pronoun is needed, misusing particles (e.g., '자신을 있다' instead of '자신이 있다'), and confusing '자신' with '자신감' when referring to self-confidence as a noun.
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Summary
The word '자신' (jasin) is a dual-purpose Korean word. Primarily, it functions as a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'oneself,' referring back to the subject of the sentence. For example, 'He introduced himself' translates to '그는 자신을 소개했다' (Geuneun jasineul sogaehaetda). Secondly, it is a key component in expressions denoting 'self-confidence,' most notably '자신이 있다' (jasini itda), meaning 'to have confidence,' and '자신이 없다' (jasini eopda), meaning 'to lack confidence.' While '자신' can imply confidence in these contexts, the dedicated noun for 'self-confidence' is '자신감' (jasinkkam). Pay close attention to the particles: '자신을' is typically used when '자신' is the object, while '자신이' is used in the confidence expressions.
- 자신 (jasin) means 'oneself' as a reflexive pronoun.
- It's also used in phrases like '자신이 있다' for 'self-confidence'.
- The noun '자신감' is the primary term for 'self-confidence'.
- Use '자신을' when it's the object, and '자신이' in expressions like '자신이 있다'.
Particle Power
Always pay attention to the particles attached to '자신'. '자신을' usually indicates the object of an action directed towards oneself, while '자신이' is commonly found in expressions of confidence like '자신이 있다'.
Emphasize with '자기 자신'
For added emphasis when referring to oneself, use '자기 자신' instead of just '자신'. This is akin to saying 'I myself' or 'he himself' in English.
Confidence Noun
While '자신' is part of confidence expressions, remember that the primary noun for 'self-confidence' is '자신감'. Use '자신감' when you want to talk about the abstract quality of confidence.
Affricate 'ㅈ'
Practice the initial 'ㅈ' sound in '자신'. It's an affricate, similar to the 'j' in 'judge', not a simple 'z' or 'j'.
関連コンテンツ
この単語を他の言語で
関連フレーズ
emotionsの関連語
받아들이다
A2受け入れる、受容する、承諾する。
아파하다
A2（他人が）痛がる、苦しむ、悲しむ。
감탄스럽다
A2彼の絶え間ない努力は本当に感嘆に値します。
감탄
A2Admiration or marvel; a feeling of wonder.
감탄하다
A2感嘆する、感心する。優れたものや美しいものを見て、深く心を動かされること。
기특하다
B1感心だ。殊勝だ。幼い者が立派なことをした時に使う言葉。
충고
B1将来の慎重な行動に関して提供される指導や勧告。忠告、アドバイス。
애정
B1愛情；慈しみ、かわいがる心。
애틋하다
B2二人の切なくも愛おしい愛は皆を感動させた。
살갑다
B22
