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A2 verb ニュートラル 3分で読める

holde

²hɔlːə
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Overview

The Norwegian verb 'holde' is a highly versatile and common word, meaning 'to hold,' 'to keep,' or 'to grasp.' Its usage extends far beyond a simple physical action, encompassing various nuanced meanings depending on the context. Understanding its different applications is key to mastering Norwegian.

Core Meanings and Usage:

  1. 1To hold/Grasp (physical): This is the most direct and frequently encountered meaning. It refers to physically holding an object, a person's hand, or maintaining a grip.
  • Examples:
  • Jeg holder boken. (I am holding the book.)
  • Hun holdt barnet i hånden. (She held the child's hand.)
  • Hold deg fast! (Hold on tight!)
  • Han holdt paraplyen over hodet sitt. (He held the umbrella over his head.)
  1. 1To Keep/Retain: 'Holde' can also mean to keep something, to retain possession, or to store it.
  • Examples:
  • Kan du holde på hemmeligheten? (Can you keep the secret?)
  • Vi må holde maten kald. (We must keep the food cold.)
  • Hvor holder du nøklene dine? (Where do you keep your keys?)
  1. 1To Maintain/Sustain: In a more abstract sense, 'holde' can refer to maintaining a state, condition, or a certain level.
  • Examples:
  • Hold deg frisk! (Stay healthy!)
  • Vi må holde fokus. (We must maintain focus.)
  • Temperaturen holdt seg stabil. (The temperature remained stable.)
  • Han klarte å holde avtalen. (He managed to keep the agreement.)
  1. 1To Last/Endure: When referring to time or durability, 'holde' can signify that something lasts or endures.
  • Examples:
  • Hvor lenge holder melken seg? (How long does the milk last?)
  • Dette maleriet vil holde i mange år. (This painting will last for many years.)
  1. 1To Consider/Believe (idiomatic): In certain idiomatic expressions, 'holde' can convey the idea of considering or believing something.
  • Examples:
  • Jeg holder det for sant. (I consider it to be true.)
  • Hva holder du ham for? (What do you take him for? / What do you think of him?)
  1. 1To Stop/Prevent (often with 'tilbake'): With particles like 'tilbake,' it can mean to hold back or prevent.
  • Examples:
  • Han holdt tårene tilbake. (He held back his tears.)
  • Hold tilbake! (Hold back! / Stop!)

Common Phrases and Expressions:

  • å holde av: to set aside, to save (e.g., å holde av en plass - to save a seat)
  • å holde på med: to be busy with, to be doing (e.g., Hva holder du på med? - What are you doing?)
  • å holde ut: to endure, to hold out (e.g., å holde ut smerten - to endure the pain)
  • å holde munn: to keep quiet, to shut up
  • å holde tale: to give a speech
  • å holde ord: to keep one's word
  • å holde pusten: to hold one's breath
  • å holde et møte: to hold a meeting

Grammatical Forms:

Like most Norwegian verbs, 'holde' conjugates according to tense:

  • Infinitive: å holde
  • Present tense: holder
  • Past tense: holdt
  • Present perfect: har holdt

Understanding the various contexts and common phrases will greatly enhance your comprehension and fluency when encountering or using 'holde' in Norwegian.

例文

1

han holder noe i hånden sin

general

he is holding something in his hand

2

jeg holder boken med begge hender

physical action

I am holding the book with both hands

3

de holder rundt hverandre

affectionate action

they are holding each other

4

kan du holde denne for meg?

request

can you hold this for me?

5

å holde balansen

idiomatic expression

to maintain balance

よく使う組み合わせ

holde fast
holde rundt
holde i hånden
holde pusten

よく混同される語

holde 対 å holde ut
This means 'to endure' or 'to hold out', implying resilience rather than physically grasping.
holde 対 å holde av
This means 'to set aside' or 'to reserve', not directly related to grasping.
holde 対 å holde på med
This means 'to be busy with' or 'to be engaged in', referring to an ongoing activity.
holde 対 å holde tilbake
This means 'to hold back' or 'to restrain', focusing on restriction rather than physical holding.
holde 対 å holde fast i
While related to holding, this specifically means 'to hold on to firmly', implying a stronger grip or adherence than just 'holde'.

文法パターン

holde + objekt (e.g., holde en bok - to hold a book) holde + objekt + preposisjon (e.g., holde noe i hånden - to hold something in the hand) holde + adjektiv/adverb (e.g., holde varmt - to keep warm, holde godt - to hold well)

使い方

使い方のコツ

'Holde' is a highly polysemous verb in Norwegian, meaning its usage varies significantly depending on context. While it literally translates to 'to hold' or 'to grasp,' it extends to many other meanings such as 'to keep,' 'to maintain,' 'to last,' 'to contain,' and even 'to consider.' For example, 'holde en fest' means 'to host a party,' while 'holde varmen' means 'to keep warm.' It's crucial to pay attention to the prepositions and adverbs that accompany 'holde,' as they often alter its meaning. For instance, 'holde på' can mean 'to be busy with' or 'to believe in,' whereas 'holde ut' means 'to endure.' Mastering 'holde' requires extensive exposure to its varied applications in native speech and writing.

よくある間違い

A common mistake is confusing 'holde' with 'ha'. 'Holde' specifically implies holding or grasping something, often with a sense of maintaining a grip or position. 'Ha' is a more general verb meaning 'to have' or 'to possess', and while it can sometimes overlap, it doesn't carry the same nuance of physical grip. For example, you 'holder' a book in your hands, but you 'har' a book in your bag. Another mistake can be using 'holde' when a more specific verb like 'bære' (to carry) or 'gripe' (to grab, to seize) might be more appropriate depending on the context of the action. Also, some learners might struggle with the various phrasal verbs that 'holde' is a part of, as their meanings can be quite idiomatic and not directly inferable from the standalone meaning of 'holde'.

ヒント

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Formal vs. informal

'Holde' can be used in both formal and informal contexts, making it a versatile verb.
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Common mistakes

A common mistake is confusing 'holde' with 'bære' (to carry). While 'holde' implies having something in your grip, 'bære' implies carrying something over a distance.
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Idiomatic expressions

'Holde' is part of many Norwegian idioms, such as 'holde ut' (to endure), 'holde pusten' (to hold one's breath), and 'holde av' (to save/reserve).

語源

From Old Norse *halda*, from Proto-Germanic *haldaną* (to hold, tend, keep), from Proto-Indo-European *kolH-*

文化的な背景

The Norwegian word 'holde' is quite versatile and deeply embedded in everyday language, reflecting a culture that values practicality and directness. It appears in numerous idioms and expressions, often signifying responsibility, maintenance, or adherence to something. For example, 'holde avtale' (to keep an appointment) or 'holde ord' (to keep one's word) highlight the cultural importance of reliability and trustworthiness. In a broader sense, 'holde' can also relate to sustaining traditions or maintaining social harmony, which are significant aspects of Norwegian society. Its frequent use in various contexts demonstrates its fundamental role in communicating actions related to possession, control, and continuity.

覚え方のコツ

Visualize someone holding a 'pole' to remember 'holde'.

よくある質問

4 問
'Holde' in Norwegian fundamentally means 'to hold,' 'to grasp,' or 'to keep.' It's a versatile verb with a wide range of applications, much like its English equivalent. Its core sense revolves around maintaining possession, position, or a state of being. You'll encounter it in many different contexts, from physical actions to more abstract concepts.
The present tense conjugation of 'holde' is 'holder.' This applies to all persons and numbers. For example: 'Jeg holder' (I hold), 'Du holder' (You hold), 'Han/Hun/Den/Det holder' (He/She/It holds), 'Vi holder' (We hold), 'Dere holder' (You all hold), and 'De holder' (They hold). It follows a common pattern for many Norwegian verbs.
Certainly! A simple example would be: 'Jeg holder en bok.' This translates to 'I am holding a book.' This demonstrates its most direct and common usage, referring to the physical act of grasping or possessing an object. It's a great starting point for understanding the verb.
Yes, 'holde' appears in many common expressions. For instance, 'å holde ut' means 'to endure' or 'to hold out.' 'Å holde av' can mean 'to reserve' or 'to save for.' Another is 'å holde på' which means 'to be busy with' or 'to be in the process of.' These idiomatic uses expand its meaning beyond just physical holding.

自分をテスト

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Jeg vil ____ hånden din.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
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Han klarte ikke å ____ fast i tauet.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
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Kan du ____ døren åpen for meg?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:

スコア： /3

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