B2 · 中上級 チャプター 5

Expressing Intensity and Logical Results

4 トータルルール
43 例文
7 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of intensity and logical consequences to speak with natural precision.

  • Distinguish between tão (qualities) and tanto (quantities).
  • Connect actions and results using native-sounding structures.
  • Use 'assim' to add flow and explanation to your sentences.
Connect your ideas with precision and flair.

学べること

Ready to take your Portuguese to the next level? In this chapter, we're diving deep into the art of expressing intensity and logical results – moving beyond simple statements to truly nuanced communication. You’ll master precisely *how much* or *how good* something is, and then effortlessly connect that to its consequences. We'll start by distinguishing between tão for qualities (adjectives) and tanto for quantities (nouns), and see how the crucial que links them to form powerful 'so... that...' constructions. Imagine telling a friend,

The food was *so delicious* that I *ate it all*!
(A comida era tão deliciosa que eu comi tudo!) or "It rained *so much* that we couldn't go out!" (Choveu tanto que não pudemos sair!). These structures will make your descriptions vivid and engaging. Next, we’ll explore various connectors that express logical results, understanding the subtle differences in formality that make your speech sound truly native. Finally, you’ll unlock assim, a versatile word that not only connects your ideas smoothly but also explains *how* something happened, adding fluidity to your sentences. By the end of this chapter, you won't just be communicating; you'll be expressing yourself with precision and flair. You'll confidently convey cause and effect, and the exact degree of things, making your Portuguese sound incredibly natural and sophisticated. Get ready to impress with your advanced Portuguese!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Construct complex sentences using 'tão... que' and 'tanto... que' to describe intense experiences.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome to your next big step in mastering Portuguese grammar! If you're ready to move beyond basic sentences and express yourself with true nuance, this B2 level chapter is for you. We're diving deep into the art of conveying intensity and logical results, crucial elements for sounding natural and sophisticated in Portuguese.
This isn't just about knowing words; it's about understanding *how* to connect ideas, *how much* something is, and *why* things happen. By mastering these structures, you'll unlock a new level of fluency, allowing you to tell compelling stories, explain complex situations, and express your opinions with precision.
This chapter focuses on several powerful tools that will elevate your communication. We'll explore the versatile tão and tanto, essential for expressing «so... that...» constructions, whether you're describing qualities or quantities.
You'll learn how these words, combined with que, form a seamless link between a degree of something and its consequence. Beyond intensity, we’ll equip you with various connectors that signal logical results, ensuring your arguments flow smoothly and persuasively.
Our goal is to make your advanced Portuguese sound incredibly natural. You’ll learn the subtle differences between various connectors, helping you choose the perfect word for any context, from casual conversation to more formal writing. By the end of this guide, you’ll confidently express cause and effect, the exact degree of things, and the smooth transition between ideas, making your Portuguese B2 skills shine.

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces you to the mechanics of expressing intensity and logical outcomes in Portuguese, building your ability to create complex and expressive sentences. We'll start with the foundational «so... that...» constructions.
Expressing 'So... That...' with Tão and Tanto
The key to expressing intensity followed by a result is the combination of tão or tanto with que.
* Tão (so): Used before adjectives and adverbs. It means so or such a.
* *Example:* Ela é tão inteligente que aprende rápido. (She is so intelligent that she learns quickly.)
* *Example:* Ele fala tão bem que todos o ouvem. (He speaks so well that everyone listens to him.)
* Tanto (so much/many): Used before or after verbs, or before nouns. It agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies (tanto/tanta/tantos/tantas).
* *Example (before noun):* Havia tanta gente que não conseguimos entrar. (There were so many people that we couldn't get in.)
* *Example (after verb):* Ele trabalhou tanto que adoeceu. (He worked so much that he got sick.)
Expressing Results: So Much That... (Tanto... que)
This is a specific application of tanto where it emphasizes quantity or degree, directly leading to a consequence. It reinforces the idea of
so much/many... that...
.
* *Example:* Choveu tanto que as ruas ficaram inundadas. (It rained so much that the streets got flooded.)
* *Example:* Eles comeram tantos doces que ficaram com dor de barriga. (They ate so many sweets that they got stomach aches.)
Expressing Logical Results (so, therefore)
To connect ideas logically, indicating a consequence, Portuguese offers several useful connectors:
* Portanto (therefore, so): Often used in more formal contexts.
* *Example:* Ele estudou muito; portanto, passou no exame. (He studied a lot; therefore, he passed the exam.)
* Por isso (because of that, so): More common in everyday speech.
* *Example:* Ela estava cansada, por isso foi dormir cedo. (She was tired, so she went to sleep early.)
* Assim (so, thus): Versatile, can also mean in this way.
* *Example:* Não havia mais ingressos, assim, não pudemos ir ao show. (There were no more tickets, so we couldn't go to the show.)
* Consequentemente (consequently): Adds a formal tone.
* *Example:* A empresa teve grandes perdas; consequentemente, precisou demitir funcionários. (The company had great losses; consequently, it had to lay off employees.)
Connecting Ideas: 'Assim' (So / Thus)
Beyond expressing logical results, assim is incredibly versatile. It can also mean in this way or like this, explaining *how* something is done or happened.
* *Example:* Faça assim para consertar. (Do it this way to fix it.)
* *Example:* Ele é assim mesmo. (He is like that/just like that.)
This flexibility makes assim a powerful word for adding fluidity and clarity to your sentences.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: A comida estava tão bom que eu comi tudo.
✓ Correct: A comida estava tão boa que eu comi tudo.
*Explanation:* Tão modifies the adjective boa (good), which must agree in gender with the noun comida (food). The adjective bom (masculine) should be boa (feminine).
  1. 1✗ Wrong: Choveu tanto pessoas que não pudemos sair.
✓ Correct: Choveu tanto que não pudemos sair. / Havia tantas pessoas que não pudemos sair.
*Explanation:* Tanto modifies the verb chover (to rain) directly when expressing
it rained so much.
If you're talking about so many people, then tanto must agree with the noun pessoas (people) becoming tantas.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: Ele não estudou, tanto ele reprovou.
✓ Correct: Ele não estudou, por isso reprovou. / Ele não estudou; portanto, reprovou.
*Explanation:* While tanto can be part of a result clause, it's typically paired with que. For a standalone logical connector like so or therefore, por isso or portanto are the correct choices.

Real Conversations

A

A

O filme era tão emocionante que chorei do início ao fim! (The movie was so emotional that I cried from beginning to end!)
B

B

Ah, entendo! Eu estava tão cansada que adormeci no meio. (Oh, I understand! I was so tired that I fell asleep in the middle.)
A

A

Recebemos tantos pedidos que a produção não consegue acompanhar. (We received so many orders that production can't keep up.)
B

B

Sim, por isso precisamos contratar mais funcionários, assim o problema será resolvido. (Yes, because of that we need to hire more employees, thus the problem will be solved.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do you say so many in Portuguese when referring to a quantity?

You use tanto, which needs to agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies: tanto (masculine singular), tanta (feminine singular), tantos (masculine plural), tantas (feminine plural).

Q

What's the main difference between tão and tanto in «so... that...» constructions?

Tão is used before adjectives or adverbs to describe a quality or manner (so good, so fast), while tanto is used before or after verbs, or before nouns, to describe a quantity or amount (so much, so many).

Q

Can I use assim interchangeably with por isso or portanto for so/therefore?

While assim can convey so or thus as a logical consequence, por isso and portanto are more direct and common for therefore or because of that. Assim often implies in this way or consequently in a slightly more formal or explanatory tone.

Cultural Context

In everyday Portuguese, especially in Brazil, por isso is a very common and versatile way to express so or "that's why." Portanto is generally more formal and often heard in speeches, academic discussions, or written texts. The tão... que and **tanto...
que structures are universally used and essential for vivid descriptions. While assim is widely understood, its usage as a logical connector can sometimes be replaced by por isso in more casual conversations, particularly when emphasizing a direct cause-and-effect relationship. Mastering these nuances allows your Portuguese grammar** to sound natural and authentic.

重要な例文 (2)

1

Eu tenho tantos grupos no WhatsApp que meu celular travou.

WhatsAppのグループが多すぎて、スマホが固まっちゃった。

結果を表す表現：〜なほど〜だ (Tanto... que)
2

Havia tanta gente na festa que não conseguimos entrar.

パーティーに人が多すぎて、中に入れなかったよ。

結果を表す表現：〜なほど〜だ (Tanto... que)

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

贅沢に両方使ってみよう

強調したい要素が複数あるときは、両方の構造を組み合わせることもできますよ。
Ele estava com tanta pressa e tão estressado que esqueceu o celular em casa.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: TãoとTantoで「あまりに〜なので〜」を表現する
💡

語尾の「A」に注目！

名詞が 'festa' や 'mesa' のように 'a' で終わるなら、99%の確率で tanta か tantas を使います。韻を踏む感じで覚えると楽ですよ！
Fui a tantas festas que estou sem voz.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果を表す表現：〜なほど〜だ (Tanto... que)
💡

迷ったら então を使おう

会話の中で適切な接続詞がパっと思い浮かばない時は、 então を使えば間違いありません。日常会話から中立的な場面まで、英語の 'so' のように万能に使えます。
Estou cansado, então vou dormir.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 論理的な結果を表す (so, therefore)
💡

「Sendo assim」でデキる人風に

何かを決断したり、話をまとめたりする時に「そういうわけですので」と添えるとカッコいいですよ。
O projeto foi cancelado. Sendo assim, estamos livres.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アイデアをつなぐ: 'Assim' (だから / このように)

重要な語彙 (5)

tão so (for qualities) tanto so much (for quantities) portanto therefore assim this way / so / thus consequência consequence

Real-World Preview

plane

Planning a Trip

Review Summary

  • tão + adj/adv + que | tanto + (noun) + que
  • Result + portanto + consequence
  • Assim + clause

よくある間違い

Tanto is for quantities. Since intelligent is an adjective (quality), use tão.

Wrong: Ele é tanto inteligente.
正解: Ele é tão inteligente.

You need a noun or a quantifier before 'que' when expressing amount.

Wrong: Choveu tão que eu não saí.
正解: Choveu tanto que eu não saí.

While 'assim' works for 'in this way', 'portanto' is the correct formal connector for 'therefore'.

Wrong: Eu estava cansado, assim eu dormi.
正解: Eu estava cansado, portanto eu dormi.

Next Steps

You've made incredible progress in this chapter! Keep practicing these structures in your daily conversations.

Write a short review of a movie using these connectors

Continue to: Advanced Flow and Contrast

クイック練習 (9)

文法的に正しい文章を選んでください。

「彼は食べすぎて寝てしまった」の正しい訳は？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ele comeu tanto que dormiu.
動詞 'comer' を修飾する場合、不変の 'tanto' を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果を表す表現：〜なほど〜だ (Tanto... que)

最も論理的で正しい文章を選んでください。

どちらの文が意味が通りますか？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A bateria acabou, então o celular desligou.
原因（電池が切れた）が先で、結果（スマホが消えた）が後に来るのが論理的です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 論理的な結果を表す (so, therefore)

「このように」という意味で使われているのはどれ？

Choose the sentence where 'assim' means 'like this':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu fiz o bolo assim, com chocolate.
この文では「ケーキをこのように（チョコを使って）作った」という方法を説明しています。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アイデアをつなぐ: 'Assim' (だから / このように)

正しい tanto/a/os/as を選んで空欄を埋めてください。

Eu tenho ___ coisas para fazer hoje! (今日やるべきことが多すぎる！)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tantas
'Coisas' は女性複数名詞なので、 'tantas' が正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果を表す表現：〜なほど〜だ (Tanto... que)

文中の間違いを見つけて修正してください。

Preciso enviar o relatório para meu chefe, portanto vou usar 'daí'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Preciso enviar o relatório para meu chefe, portanto vou usar 'portanto'.
上司への報告書というフォーマルな文脈では、カジュアルな 'daí' ではなく 'portanto' を使うのが適切です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 論理的な結果を表す (so, therefore)

空欄に最も適切な接続詞を入れてください。

O voo foi muito longo, ______ estou exausto.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: por isso
por isso（だから）が、長いフライトという「原因」に対する疲れという「結果」を正しく導きます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 論理的な結果を表す (so, therefore)

文章の間違いを見つけてください。

Ela tem tanto amigas que é popular.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ela tem tantas amigas que é popular.
'Amigas' は女性複数なので、 'tanto' を 'tantas' に変える必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果を表す表現：〜なほど〜だ (Tanto... que)

間違いを直しましょう

Find and fix the mistake:

Eu cheguei, assim que fui dormir.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu cheguei, assim fui dormir.
「到着したので、寝た」という論理にしたいので、時間を表す 'que' は不要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アイデアをつなぐ: 'Assim' (だから / このように)

正しい言葉で文を完成させてください

O gerente saiu, ___ a reunião acabou.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: assim
「マネージャーが席を外したので、会議が終わった」という結果をつなぐ「assim」が正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: アイデアをつなぐ: 'Assim' (だから / このように)

Score: /9

よくある質問 (6)

形容詞や副詞の前に tão を置いてその性質を強調し、その後に que を続けて「その結果どうなったか」を説明します。例えば、
O café está tão quente que queimei a língua.
（コーヒーが熱すぎて舌を火傷した）のように使います。
「量」について話す時に使います。動詞の後（
Eu dormi tanto que...
）や名詞の前（
Tinha tanta gente que...
）に置きます。名詞の時は性数一致（ tanto, tanta, tantos, tantas ）が必要ですよ。
はい、使えます！ただし、意味が少し変わります。 Eu comi tanto! と言うと、単に「すごく食べた！」という感嘆の表現になります。 que をつけると、その後の「結果」を説明する形になります。
いいえ、全く別の単語です。 tão は形容詞の程度（とても可愛いなど）を表し、 tanto は数量（たくさんのお金など）を表します。
Ela é tão inteligente!
のように使います。
一番シンプルで便利なのは então です。英語の 'so' と同じ感覚で、日常のほとんどの場面で使えます。
Estou com fome, então vou comer.
多くのフォーマルな文脈では入れ替え可能です。どちらも「したがって」を意味しますが、 portanto の方がやや強調が強く、よりフォーマルに聞こえる傾向があります。
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Explaining Why: Cause and Purpose
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Advanced Flow and Contrast
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