A1 · 初級 チャプター 15

Mastering Regular Actions

4 トータルルール
41 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power of daily actions by mastering the three main verb patterns and expressing your tastes.

  • Conjugate regular -AR, -ER, and -IR verbs in the present tense.
  • Express likes and preferences using the essential verb 'Gostar'.
  • Construct complete sentences about work, food, and daily activities.
From silent observer to active participant in daily life.

学べること

Hey there, language explorer! Get ready to take a huge leap forward in Portuguese because in this chapter, we're making friends with regular verbs. I know it might sound daunting, but trust me, this part is easier than you think! You'll discover the predictable patterns of verbs ending in -AR (like Falar for to speak and Trabalhar for to work), -ER (such as Comer for to eat and Beber for to drink), and -IR (like Abrir for to open). Once you grasp these simple rules – just drop the ending and add the right one for the person speaking – you'll be able to talk about a ton of daily actions. Want to say I work or they drink coffee? You'll master it here! After you've got those regular verbs down, we'll dive into a super useful one: Gostar, meaning to like. This verb is a little quirky, always needing the preposition de (or do/da) before whatever you like. For instance, if you're in a café and want to say I like coffee (Eu gosto de café), that de is crucial. By the end of this chapter, you'll confidently be able to chat about yourself, your friends, and your daily activities. You'll be able to express what you like, what you eat, where you work, and so much more. Ready to kickstart your Portuguese and build real sentences? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate any regular -AR verb to describe work and communication.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Differentiate between -ER and -IR endings in the 'Nós' (we) form.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Correcty use the preposition 'de' with 'Gostar' to talk about interests.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, language explorer! Welcome to a truly foundational chapter in your Portuguese grammar A1 journey. If you've been looking for a way to start building real sentences and expressing yourself, you've found it!
This section is all about mastering regular verbs, which are your best friends when you're just starting out. They follow predictable patterns, making them much easier to learn than their irregular cousins. By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to confidently talk about daily actions, what you and others do, and even what you like.
We're going to dive into the three main groups of regular verbs in Portuguese: those ending in -AR (like falar - to speak, and trabalhar - to work), -ER (such as comer - to eat, and beber - to drink), and -IR (like abrir - to open). Understanding these patterns is a huge leap forward for any A1 Portuguese learner, as it unlocks a vast vocabulary of actions. Plus, we'll tackle the super useful verb gostar (to like), which has a special trick up its sleeve that's crucial for expressing preferences.
Get ready to expand your ability to communicate in Portuguese dramatically!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down how to conquer regular verbs in the present tense. The beauty of Portuguese grammar lies in its predictable patterns for regular verbs. For Present Tense: Regular -AR Verbs, you simply drop the -AR ending from the infinitive (the to do form) and add a new ending based on who is performing the action.
For example, with falar (to speak):
* Eu falo (I speak)
* Tu falas (You speak - informal, singular)
* Ele/Ela/Você fala (He/She/You speak - formal, singular)
* Nós falamos (We speak)
* Eles/Elas/Vocês falam (They/You speak - plural)
So, trabalhar (to work) becomes Eu trabalho (I work) or Nós trabalhamos (We work).
The same logic applies to Portuguese -ER Verbs: The Present Tense. Drop the -ER and add the new endings. For comer (to eat):
* Eu como (I eat)
* Tu comes (You eat)
* Ele/Ela/Você come (He/She/You eat)
* Nós comemos (We eat)
* Eles/Elas/Vocês comem (They/You eat)
Similarly, beber (to drink) becomes Eu bebo (I drink) or Eles bebem (They drink).
Finally, for Present Tense: Regular -IR Verbs, you drop the -IR and add specific endings. For abrir (to open):
* Eu abro (I open)
* Tu abres (You open)
* Ele/Ela/Você abre (He/She/You open)
* Nós abrimos (We open)
* Eles/Elas/Vocês abrem (They/You open)
Another example is decidir (to decide): Eu decido (I decide), Nós decidimos (We decide).
Now, for The 'Sticky' Verb: Gostar (to like). This verb is special because it *always* requires the preposition de (of/from) before what you like. This de often combines with articles (o/a/os/as) to form do/da/dos/das.
* Eu gosto de café. (I like coffee.)
* Ele gosta do livro. (He likes the book.)
* Nós gostamos da música. (We like the music.)
* Vocês gostam de viajar. (You like to travel.)
This de is non-negotiable, so make sure to always include it!

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: Eu trabalhar aqui. (I to work here.)
✓ Correct: Eu trabalho aqui. (I work here.)
*Explanation:* In Portuguese, you must conjugate the verb to match the subject pronoun. Trabalhar is the infinitive (to work), but trabalho is the correct first-person singular conjugation for I work.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Nós come pizza.
    (We eat pizza.)
✓ Correct:
Nós comemos pizza.
(We eat pizza.)
*Explanation:* The ending for nós (we) for -ER verbs is -emos. Forgetting to use the correct ending for the subject pronoun is a common error.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: Eu gosto café. (I like coffee.)
✓ Correct:
Eu gosto de café.
(I like coffee.)
*Explanation:* The verb gostar (to like) *always* requires the preposition de (or its contractions like do, da) before the noun or verb that is liked.

Real Conversations

A

A

Olá, você fala português? (Hello, do you speak Portuguese?)
B

B

Sim, eu falo um pouco. E você? (Yes, I speak a little. And you?)
A

A

O que você come no café da manhã? (What do you eat for breakfast?)
B

B

Eu como pão e bebo café. (I eat bread and drink coffee.)
A

A

Vocês gostam de trabalhar juntos? (Do you all like to work together?)
B

B

Sim, nós gostamos muito. Nós abrimos a loja cedo. (Yes, we like it a lot. We open the store early.)

Quick FAQ

Q

Why are there so many verb endings in Portuguese, even for A1 Portuguese learners?

Portuguese is a highly inflected language, meaning verbs change their endings to indicate who is performing the action (the subject). This system helps make sentences clearer even when pronouns are omitted.

Q

Is 'gostar' always followed by 'de' in Portuguese grammar?

Yes, in modern Portuguese, the verb gostar (to like) virtually always requires the preposition de (or its contractions like do, da) before the object of liking, whether it's a noun or another verb in the infinitive.

Q

How do I know if a verb is -AR, -ER, or -IR when I'm learning regular verbs Portuguese?

You can usually tell by looking at the infinitive form of the verb. If it ends in -AR, -ER, or -IR, it falls into one of these three regular categories. While many verbs are regular, some common ones are irregular, so always check if unsure.

Cultural Context

These regular verb conjugations are the backbone of daily communication across all Portuguese-speaking countries. Brazilians and Continental Portuguese speakers use them identically, though the pronunciation of certain endings might vary regionally. For example, in Brazil, você (you, singular formal/informal) is much more common than tu (you, singular informal), so you'll hear Você fala more often than Tu falas. However, the underlying grammar for Portuguese grammar A1 remains consistent, making these patterns universally useful.

重要な例文 (2)

1

Eu gosto de café sem açúcar.

私は砂糖抜きのコーヒーが好きです。

くっつき動詞：Gostar（好き）
2

Você gosta do post que eu fiz?

私が投稿したポスト、気に入った？

くっつき動詞：Gostar（好き）

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

「O」のルール

自分のこと（Eu）を話すなら、動詞はほぼ必ず「o」で終わります。 Eu amo pizza.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在形：規則的な -AR 動詞 (falar, trabalhar)
⚠️

鼻にかかる音に注意！

comem の em は鼻から抜ける音だよ。舌を上あごにつけないように意識してみて！ Eles comem pizza.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ポルトガル語の-ER動詞：現在形 (comer, beber)
🎯

「私たち」の見分け方

-emos か -imos で迷ったら、元の形（不定詞）の母音を見て！ComER は Comemos ですが、AbrIR なら Abrimos になります。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在形：規則的な-IR動詞 (Abrir, Partirなど)
⚠️

「それ」を訳さないで！

「それが好き」を Eu gosto lo とは言いません。単に Eu gosto か、 Eu gosto disso. と言えば完璧だよ。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: くっつき動詞：Gostar（好き）

重要な語彙 (8)

Falar to speak / to talk Trabalhar to work Comer to eat Beber to drink Abrir to open Gostar to like Café coffee Música music

Real-World Preview

coffee

In a Brazilian Café

briefcase

Meeting a New Colleague

Review Summary

  • Stem + -o, -as/-a, -amos, -am
  • Stem + -o, -es/-e, -emos, -em
  • Stem + -o, -es/-e, -imos, -em
  • Gostar + de + [Noun/Verb]

よくある間違い

The verb 'gostar' is 'sticky'—it must always be followed by 'de'. This is a classic mistake for English speakers because 'like' doesn't need a preposition.

Wrong: Eu gosto café.
正解: Eu gosto de café.

Learners often confuse future or other complex endings with the simple present '-emos'. For the present tense, keep it simple.

Wrong: Nós comeremos a pizza.
正解: Nós comemos a pizza.

The third-person plural must end in 'm' (nasal sound). Without the 'm', you are saying 'They speaks', which is incorrect.

Wrong: Eles fala português.
正解: Eles falam português.

Next Steps

You've just unlocked the core of Portuguese communication. Every regular verb you encounter from now on is a tool you already know how to use. Parabéns (Congratulations)!

Write 5 sentences about things you like using 'Gosto de...'

Record yourself saying 'Eu trabalho, nós trabalhamos, eles trabalham' to practice the nasal 'm'.

Continue to: Moving Through Your Day

クイック練習 (6)

動詞の語尾の間違いを見つけてください。

Eles partim o pão na mesa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles partem o pão na mesa.
3人称複数（Eles）の規則的な -ir 動詞の語尾は -em です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在形：規則的な-IR動詞 (Abrir, Partirなど)

文法的に正しい文章はどれですか？

正しい選択肢を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós trabalhamos aqui.
「Nós」（私たち）には「-amos」という語尾が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在形：規則的な -AR 動詞 (falar, trabalhar)

decidir を正しい形にして空欄を埋めてください。

Eu ___ qual restaurante vamos. (私が行くレストランを決めます。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: decido
主語が Eu (私) なので、語尾は «-o» になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在形：規則的な-IR動詞 (Abrir, Partirなど)

文法的に正しい文章はどれですか？

「私たちはプレゼントを開けます」の正しい訳を選んでください。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós abrimos os presentes.
abrir のような -ir 動詞の「私たち」の語尾は、必ず -imos になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在形：規則的な-IR動詞 (Abrir, Partirなど)

「falar」（話す）の正しい形を選んで空欄を埋めてください。

Eu ___ português muito bem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: falo
主語が「Eu」（私）のとき、語尾は必ず「-o」になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在形：規則的な -AR 動詞 (falar, trabalhar)

間違いを見つけて直してください。

Eles estuda na biblioteca.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles estudam na biblioteca.
「Eles」（彼ら）の場合、語尾は「-a」ではなく「-am」になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在形：規則的な -AR 動詞 (falar, trabalhar)

Score: /6

よくある質問 (6)

意味は通じますが、誰の話か分からなくなります。 I speaks のように聞こえて不自然です。
いいえ、-AR, -ER, -IR の3種類あります。 -AR はその中で一番多くて覚えやすいグループです。
全部じゃないけど、多くが規則的だよ！ comer や beber はバッチリ規則通り。 Eu como muito.
多くの地域で、最後の e が弱まって「ベビ」みたいに聞こえるよ。 Ele bebe leite.
「私たち（Nós）」の形を間違えることです。-er動詞に慣れていると、つい abremos と言いたくなりますが、正しくは Nós abrimos です。
いいえ、Vir は不規則動詞です。Eu venho となり、このルールには当てはまりません。
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