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A1 preposition 6分で読める

karşı

練習する例文メモとヒント karşı 30秒で

解説 karşı in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'karşı' is primarily used to describe physical locations. You learn it as 'opposite' or 'across.' You will see it in simple phrases like 'karşı ev' (the opposite house) or 'karşıya geç' (cross the street). It is one of the first words you use when giving or receiving basic directions. You should focus on the idea of 'the other side.' For example, if you are standing on one side of the road, the other side is 'karşı.' At this stage, don't worry too much about complex grammar; just remember that 'karşı' means 'opposite.'

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'karşı' as a preposition with the dative case (-e/-a karşı). You can now say things like 'Sana karşı' (towards/against you) or 'Akşama karşı' (towards evening). You also learn the possessive construction 'karşısında' to say 'across from something.' For example, 'Banka marketin karşısında' (The bank is across from the market). This level introduces the concept that 'karşı' is not just a place, but a direction or a relationship between two things.

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At the B1 level, you use 'karşı' to express opinions and stances. You can say 'Bu fikre karşıyım' (I am against this idea) or 'Çevre kirliliğine karşı savaşmalıyız' (We must fight against environmental pollution). You also start to encounter idiomatic uses, such as 'denize karşı' (facing the sea) when describing a view or a location. Your understanding of 'karşı' shifts from purely physical to more abstract and metaphorical oppositions.

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At the B2 level, you use 'karşı' in more complex social and legal contexts. You understand terms like 'karşı taraf' (the opposing party) in a lawsuit or a negotiation. You can use it to describe complex feelings, like 'ona karşı duyduğum öfke' (the anger I feel towards him). You also become comfortable with the temporal use in more descriptive writing, such as 'sabaha karşı' used in a story to set a specific, poetic atmosphere. You recognize the word in various derived forms like 'karşılaştırmak' (to compare).

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At the C1 level, 'karşı' becomes a tool for nuanced argumentation. You can discuss 'karşı argümanlar' (counter-arguments) and 'karşı tezler' (counter-theses). You understand its role in forming compound words and complex adjectives. You can distinguish between 'karşı' and its synonyms like 'muhalif' or 'zıt' in academic or professional settings. You also appreciate the subtle difference between 'karşı' and 'yönelik' (towards/intended for) in formal writing.

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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'karşı' in all its philosophical and linguistic depths. You can use it to discuss abstract concepts like 'varoluşa karşı' (against existence) or in high-level literary analysis. You are familiar with rare idioms and historical uses of the word. You can effortlessly switch between its roles as a noun, adjective, and preposition, using it to create rhythm and emphasis in sophisticated Turkish prose or oratory.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

karşı 30秒で

Karşı means across, opposite, or against.
Use it with the dative case (-e/-a) for 'against'.
Use 'karşısında' for 'across from'.
It can also mean 'towards' when used with time.

The Turkish word karşı is a multifaceted linguistic tool that primarily functions as a preposition, an adjective, and a noun. At its core, it signifies the concept of being 'across,' 'opposite,' or 'against.' For an English speaker, understanding karşı requires a shift in how spatial and directional relationships are perceived. It is not just a static location; it often implies a relationship between two entities facing one another or in opposition to one another.

Spatial Position: When used to describe location, it refers to the side that is directly across from the speaker or a reference point. For example, 'karşı ev' means 'the house across the street' or 'the opposite house.'

Evin karşısında bir park var.

Beyond physical space, karşı is used to express opposition or stance. In a debate, sports match, or war, one side is 'karşı' to the other. This usage requires the dative case (-e/-a) on the preceding noun. For instance, 'sana karşı' means 'against you.' This abstract use extends to emotions as well; one can have feelings 'towards' someone, which in Turkish is often framed as being directed 'against' or 'towards' them spatially.

Temporal Use: Interestingly, 'karşı' is used with time to mean 'towards' or 'close to.' 'Sabaha karşı' means 'towards morning' or 'near dawn.'

Akşama karşı yola çıktık.

In daily life, you will hear this word constantly. Whether someone is giving directions ('karşıya geç' - cross to the other side), discussing politics ('bu fikre karşıyım' - I am against this idea), or describing a view ('denize karşı' - facing the sea), it is an indispensable part of the Turkish vocabulary. It encapsulates the duality of human experience: the physical world of things across from us and the mental world of ideas we stand against.

Using karşı correctly involves understanding its three main grammatical roles. Each role dictates a different sentence structure and suffix requirement. Mastering these will make your Turkish sound natural and precise.

1. As a Preposition (Against/Towards): In this role, 'karşı' follows a noun or pronoun in the dative case (-e/-a). This is used for opposition, direction, or time. Example: 'Bana karşı dürüst ol' (Be honest with/towards me).

Rüzgara karşı yürümek zordur.

2. As an Adjective (Opposite/Other): When it precedes a noun directly, it acts as an adjective meaning 'opposite' or 'across.' Example: 'Karşı kaldırım' (The opposite sidewalk).

Commonly, you will see it in the form karşı taraf, which means 'the other side' or 'the opposing party.' This is used in legal contexts, sports, and even relationships to refer to 'the other person.'

3. As a Locative Noun (Across from X): To say 'across from [something],' you use the possessive structure: [Noun]+(in) karşısında. Example: 'Okulun karşısında' (Opposite the school).

Senin karşında oturuyorum.

Finally, consider the verb karşılamak (to meet/welcome), which is derived from this root. It literally means 'to put yourself opposite someone' to greet them. This shows how deeply the concept of 'opposite' is embedded in Turkish social interaction.

The word karşı is ubiquitous in Turkey, echoing through streets, stadiums, and dinner tables. If you are walking in Istanbul, you will hear it most frequently in the context of the two continents. People say "Karşıya geçiyorum" (I am going to the other side), referring to crossing the Bosphorus from Europe to Asia or vice-versa.

In Transit: On a ferry (vapur), you'll hear announcements about the 'karşı kıyı' (opposite shore). Taxi drivers might ask, 'Karşıya mı?' (To the other side?).

Vapurla karşıya geçmek çok keyifli.

In the realm of sports, specifically football, karşı is the word of rivalry. Fans will talk about playing 'ezeli rakibe karşı' (against the eternal rival). It sets the stage for the 'us vs. them' dynamic that defines Turkish fan culture.

Socially, the word is used to describe attitudes. A person might be described as 'geleneğe karşı' (against tradition) or 'yeniliğe karşı' (against innovation). It defines one's position in the social fabric. In news broadcasts, you will hear it in political debates: 'Hükümete karşı protestolar' (Protests against the government). It is a word that marks boundaries, defines perspectives, and describes the very layout of the Turkish world.

For English speakers, the most common pitfall when using karşı is neglecting the necessary case endings or confusing the different forms of the word. Because 'against,' 'opposite,' and 'across' are different words in English, learners often try to find three different Turkish words when karşı covers them all—but with different grammar.

Mistake 1: Missing the Dative Case: Incorrect: *Sen karşı değilim. Correct: Sana karşı değilim. (I am not against you). You must attach -e/-a to the person or object you are against.

Hatalı: Plan karşıyım. Doğru: Plana karşıyım.

Mistake 2: Confusing 'Karşı' and 'Karşısında': Use 'karşısında' for static location (across from). Use 'karşı' for movement or abstract opposition. Incorrect: *Marketin karşı oturuyorum. Correct: Marketin karşısında oturuyorum.

Another subtle error is using karşı when you mean zıt (opposite in meaning/logic). While karşı can mean opposite, zıt is specifically for antonyms or contradictory ideas. Also, don't confuse karşı with karşılık (equivalent/response). If someone gives you a gift, you give something in 'karşılık,' not 'karşı.'

While karşı is a versatile word, Turkish offers several alternatives depending on whether you are talking about logic, physical space, or direct opposition. Understanding these nuances will help you choose the right word for the right context.

Zıt (Antonym/Opposite): Used for conceptual opposites. 'Siyah beyazın zıttıdır' (Black is the opposite of white). Use this for logic and qualities.
Aksi (Contrary/Reverse): Used for contrary opinions or 'the reverse' of a situation. 'Aksi takdirde' means 'otherwise.'
Muhalif (Opponent/Dissident): A more formal, often political term for someone who is against a certain view or government.

Onun fikirleri benimkine zıt.

If you are describing physical location, önünde (in front of) can sometimes be a neighbor to karşısında. However, karşısında specifically implies facing each other across a gap (like a street), whereas önünde just means in front. For 'against' in the sense of 'leaning against,' Turkish uses -e yaslanmak rather than karşı.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

ニュートラル

カジュアル

Child friendly

スラング

豆知識

The word 'karşı' is related to the verb 'karışmak' (to mix/interfere), showing an ancient conceptual link between meeting someone and things becoming intertwined.

発音ガイド

UK /kaɾˈʃɯ/

US /kɑrˈʃə/

The stress is on the second syllable: kar-ŞI.

韻が合う語

çarşı (market) marşı (march) vardı (there was - near rhyme) sardı (wrapped - near rhyme) karşı (itself) barışı (the peace - near rhyme) karışı (the mix - near rhyme) yarışı (the race - near rhyme)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'ı' as 'ee' (like 'she'). It should be a neutral, deep sound.
Softening the 'k' too much.
Not tapping the 'r'.
Over-stressing the first syllable.
Confusing 'ş' with 's'.

難易度

読解 1/5

Easy to recognize in text as it is short and common.

ライティング 3/5

Requires correct case endings (dative) which can be tricky for beginners.

スピーキング 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward once 'ı' is mastered.

リスニング 2/5

Common in daily speech, especially in directions.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

yol ev gitmek bakmak taraf

次に学ぶ

karşılaşmak karşılaştırmak zıt aksi tarafından

上級

muhalefet mukabele tekabül tezat ihtilaf

知っておくべき文法

Dative Case with Prepositions

Eve doğru, sana karşı.

Possessive Compounds

Kapının önü, yolun karşısı.

Adjective Usage

Karşı kaldırım.

Temporal Dative

Sabaha karşı.

Directional Suffixes

Karşı-ya, karşı-dan, karşı-da.

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レベル別の例文

Karşı evde oturuyorum.

I live in the opposite house.

Karşı acts as an adjective here.

Karşıya geçelim.

Let's cross to the other side.

Karşıya is the noun 'karşı' with the dative suffix -ya.

Market yolun karşısında.

The market is across the road.

Uses the possessive 'karşısında'.

Karşı taraf çok kalabalık.

The other side is very crowded.

Karşı taraf is a common compound noun.

Durak caminin karşısında.

The bus stop is across from the mosque.

Possessive construction: cami+n+in karşı+s+ı+n+da.

Karşı bakkaldan ekmek al.

Buy bread from the grocery store across.

Karşı functions as an adjective modifying bakkal.

Kedi karşıya koştu.

The cat ran to the other side.

Directional dative suffix -ya.

Karşı masada kim var?

Who is at the opposite table?

Karşı modifying masa.

Sana karşı dürüstüm.

I am honest towards/with you.

Dative pronoun 'sana' + karşı.

Akşama karşı yağmur yağdı.

It rained towards evening.

Temporal use of karşı with dative.

Bize karşı çok nazik.

He is very kind towards us.

Bize (dative) + karşı.

Sabaha karşı uyudum.

I slept towards morning.

Temporal use.

Bu plana karşı mısın?

Are you against this plan?

Dative 'plana' + karşı.

Rüzgara karşı yürüyoruz.

We are walking against the wind.

Physical opposition.

Okula karşı bir kafe var.

There is a cafe facing the school.

Directional/spatial use.

Onlara karşı kazandık.

We won against them.

Onlara (dative) + karşı.

Denize karşı çay içtik.

We drank tea facing the sea.

Idiomatic use for 'facing' a view.

Şiddete karşı susmamalıyız.

We should not remain silent against violence.

Abstract opposition.

Doğaya karşı sorumlu olmalıyız.

We must be responsible towards nature.

Sense of duty/direction.

Karşı takımı tebrik ettiler.

They congratulated the opposing team.

Karşı as an adjective meaning 'opposing'.

Bu ilaca karşı alerjim var.

I have an allergy against/to this medicine.

Medical context.

Zamana karşı yarışıyoruz.

We are racing against time.

Common idiom.

Haksızlığa karşı durmalısın.

You must stand against injustice.

Moral stance.

Karşı kıyıdan bir ışık göründü.

A light appeared from the opposite shore.

Spatial adjective.

Karşı tarafın avukatı itiraz etti.

The opposing party's lawyer objected.

Legal term 'karşı taraf'.

Önyargılara karşı savaşmak zordur.

Fighting against prejudices is difficult.

Plural dative + karşı.

Ona karşı karmaşık duygularım var.

I have complex feelings towards him.

Emotional direction.

Salgına karşı yeni önlemler alındı.

New measures were taken against the epidemic.

Social/Political context.

Karşılaştığı zorluklara karşı yılmadı.

He did not give up against the difficulties he faced.

Resilience context.

Bu teklife karşı bir önerim var.

I have a suggestion against/in response to this proposal.

Negotiation context.

Karşı görüşleri de dinlemeliyiz.

We should also listen to opposing views.

Karşı as an adjective for 'opposing'.

Güneşe karşı oturmayın.

Don't sit facing the sun.

Physical orientation.

Karşı devrim hareketleri bastırıldı.

Counter-revolutionary movements were suppressed.

Compound political term.

Yazarın toplumsal normlara karşı bir duruşu var.

The author has a stance against social norms.

Literary analysis context.

İstatistiki verilere karşı çıkmak imkansız.

It is impossible to oppose statistical data.

Formal argumentation.

Karşı konulamaz bir cazibesi vardı.

It had an irresistible charm.

Passive verb 'karşı konulmak'.

Bu teoriye karşı pek çok kanıt sunuldu.

Many proofs were presented against this theory.

Academic context.

Karşı propaganda çalışmalarına başladılar.

They started counter-propaganda efforts.

Political/Media context.

Eleştirilere karşı sessiz kalmayı tercih etti.

He preferred to remain silent against the criticisms.

Formal narrative.

Karşı atakla maçı kazandılar.

They won the match with a counter-attack.

Sports terminology.

Varlığın hiçliğe karşı ebedi mücadelesi.

The eternal struggle of existence against nothingness.

Philosophical context.

Karşılaştırmalı edebiyat disiplini gelişiyor.

The discipline of comparative literature is developing.

Derived term 'karşılaştırmalı'.

Bu savın karşısında durabilecek bir mantık yok.

There is no logic that can stand against this claim.

High-level debate.

Karşıtlıklar üzerine kurulu bir anlatı.

A narrative built upon oppositions.

Noun form 'karşıtlık'.

Geleneksel değerlerin moderniteye karşı direnci.

The resistance of traditional values against modernity.

Sociological analysis.

Karşı koyuşu, onurunun bir simgesiydi.

His resistance was a symbol of his honor.

Substantive use of the verb phrase.

Karşı tarafın argümanlarını çürütmekte ustadır.

He is a master at refuting the opposing party's arguments.

Professional rhetoric.

Zamanın yıpratıcı gücüne karşı direnen eserler.

Works that resist the eroding power of time.

Poetic/Literary context.

よく使う組み合わせ

karşı taraf

karşı çıkmak

denize karşı

sabaha karşı

karşı karşıya

karşı koymak

karşı görüş

yolun karşısı

karşı saldırı

birine karşı

よく使うフレーズ

Karşıya geçmek

— To cross to the other side (street or sea).

Hadi, karşıya geçelim.

Karşıdan karşıya

— From one side to the other.

Karşıdan karşıya geçerken dikkat et.

Karşı gelmek

— To oppose or disobey.

Büyüklerine karşı gelme.

Karşısında durmak

— To stand against or opposite.

Zulmün karşısında durmalıyız.

Güneşe karşı

— Facing the sun.

Güneşe karşı oturma, gözün kamaşır.

Aşka karşı

— Towards/Against love.

Aşka karşı direnme.

Karşı duruş

— A stance against something.

Sert bir karşı duruş sergiledi.

Karşı mahalle

— The neighborhood across.

Karşı mahallede yangın çıkmış.

Karşı kıyı

— The opposite shore.

Karşı kıyıdan sesler geliyor.

Karşı takım

— The opposing team.

Karşı takım çok güçlüydü.

よく混同される語

karşı vs Karşılık

Means 'response' or 'equivalent', not 'opposite'.

karşı vs Zıt

Means 'logical antonym', whereas 'karşı' is more spatial or adversarial.

karşı vs Ön

Means 'front'. Something can be in front of you without being across a gap.

慣用句と表現

"Karşı karşıya gelmek"

— To encounter someone or face a situation.

Ölümle karşı karşıya geldi.

Neutral

"Karşıdan bakmak"

— To watch from a distance without getting involved.

Olaylara sadece karşıdan bakıyor.

Neutral

"Akıntıya karşı kürek çekmek"

— To try to do something impossible or against the trend.

Bu şirkette yenilik yapmak akıntıya karşı kürek çekmek gibi.

Informal

"Karşı koyamamak"

— To be unable to resist.

Bu pastaya karşı koyamıyorum.

Informal

"Karşı tarafın ekmeğine yağ sürmek"

— To unintentionally help the opponent.

Bu hatan karşı tarafın ekmeğine yağ sürdü.

Slang/Informal

"Karşı duvar"

— A metaphor for a dead end or resistance.

Her seferinde karşı duvara çarpıyoruz.

Informal

"Yüzyüze, karşı karşıya"

— Face to face.

Sorunu karşı karşıya konuşalım.

Neutral

"Karşılıksız kalmak"

— To go unanswered or unrequited.

Mektuplarım karşılıksız kaldı.

Neutral

"Karşı çıkmak"

— To object strongly.

Babası bu evliliğe karşı çıktı.

Neutral

"Karşıdan uzağa"

— From far away.

Karşıdan uzağa bakma gel yanıma.

Poetic

間違えやすい

karşı vs Karşıt

Both mean opposite.

'Karşı' is more common as a preposition/location; 'Karşıt' is strictly an adjective or noun for 'opponent'.

Karşıt görüşler (Opposing views).

karşı vs Karşın

Sounds similar.

'Karşın' means 'despite' and uses the dative. 'Karşı' means 'against/opposite'.

Yağmura karşın dışarı çıktık (We went out despite the rain).

karşı vs Karşılamak

Verb form.

It means 'to meet/greet', not 'to be opposite'.

Misafirleri karşıladık.

karşı vs Karşılaşmak

Verb form.

It means 'to encounter' or 'to bump into'.

Onunla yolda karşılaştım.

karşı vs Karşılıklı

Adjective form.

It means 'mutual' or 'reciprocal'.

Karşılıklı güven çok önemli.

文型パターン

Karşı + [Noun]

Karşı sokak.

[Noun]+e karşı

Sana karşı.

[Noun]+in karşısında

Evin karşısında.

[Verb-ma]+ya karşı

Uyumaya karşı direnme.

Karşı taraf + [Suffix]

Karşı tarafa geçtik.

Karşı + [Abstract Noun]

Karşı devrim.

[Noun]+e karşı koymak

Zulme karşı koymak.

Karşılaştırmalı olarak

Karşılaştırmalı olarak inceledik.

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in both spoken and written Turkish.

よくある間違い

Ben karşıyım. → Buna karşıyım.
You are usually against 'something' (dative), though 'Ben karşıyım' can mean 'I am an opponent' in specific contexts.
Marketin karşı oturuyorum. → Marketin karşısında oturuyorum.
Location requires the possessive locative form.
Sana karşıyım. → Sana karşıyım (Correct) vs Sana karşın (Wrong).
Confusing 'against' with 'despite'.
Karşı ev git. → Karşı eve git.
Forgetting the case ending on the noun modified by 'karşı'.
Onun karşı durma. → Onun karşısında durma.
Using the wrong form for 'in front of/opposite'.

ヒント

Dative Rule

Always pair 'karşı' with the -e/-a suffix when you mean 'against' or 'towards'.

Karşı Taraf

Learn 'karşı taraf' as a single unit; it's used in law, sports, and arguments.

Istanbul Context

In Istanbul, 'karşı' is a geographic term for the other continent.

Facing a View

Use '...-e karşı' to describe enjoying a view, like 'denize karşı'.

The Mirror

Think of 'karşı' as the mirror image of where you are.

Precision

Use 'karşısında' for physical location and 'karşı' for abstract stance.

Directions

When giving directions, 'karşı' is your best friend for 'across'.

Time Phrases

Listen for 'sabaha karşı' in news reports about events happening late at night.

Suffix Check

Don't say 'ben karşı', say 'bana karşı'.

Compound Words

Notice how many Turkish words start with 'karşı-', like 'karşıt' or 'karşılamak'.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Car' (Kar) that is 'She' (şı) driving on the 'opposite' side of the road.

視覚的連想

Imagine a mirror. Everything you see in the mirror is 'karşı' (opposite) to you.

Word Web

Opposite Against Across Towards Face-to-face Counter Rival Other side

チャレンジ

Try to use 'karşı' in three different ways today: for a location, for an opinion, and for a time.

語源

Derived from the Old Turkic root 'karış-' which meant to be opposite or to face something.

元の意味： To be in the presence of or to face someone.

Turkic

文化的な背景

Be careful when using 'karşı' in political contexts, as 'karşıt' (opponent) can carry strong connotations.

English speakers often use 'against' for people and 'opposite' for places. In Turkish, 'karşı' handles both, but the grammar changes.

Karşı (A poetry book by Orhan Veli Kanık) Karşıyaka (A famous district in Izmir) Karşı (A famous left-wing newspaper)

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Giving Directions

Karşıya geç
Yolun karşısında
Karşı binada
Karşıdan dön

Expressing Opinions

Sana katılıyorum ama buna karşıyım
Karşı fikirler
Neden karşısın?
Karşı durmak

Sports

Karşı takım
Karşı atak
Rakibe karşı
Karşı kalede

Time

Sabaha karşı
Akşama karşı
Öğleye karşı
Yarına karşı (rare)

Relationships

Ona karşı hislerim
Bana karşı dürüst ol
Ailesine karşı
Karşı taraf

会話のきっかけ

"Bu yeni yasaya karşı mısın?"

"Karşı tarafta (Asya/Avrupa) mı oturuyorsun?"

"Denize karşı bir akşam yemeğine ne dersin?"

"Hangi futbol takımına karşı maç yapacaksınız?"

"Zorluklara karşı nasıl motive oluyorsun?"

日記のテーマ

Bugün kime veya neye karşı bir duruş sergiledin?

Hayatında 'akıntıya karşı kürek çektiğini' hissettiğin bir anı yaz.

Evinin karşısında ne olmasını isterdin? Hayalindeki manzarayı tarif et.

Sabaha karşı uyandığında neler hissedersin?

Bir tartışmada karşı tarafı ikna etmek için hangi yöntemleri kullanırsın?

よくある質問

10 問

No. As an adjective (karşı ev) it doesn't. As a noun or preposition, it usually does (karşıya, sana karşı).

'Karşı' is often used for movement or abstract opposition. 'Karşısında' is used for a static location (across from).

Yes, 'sana karşı nazik' means 'kind towards you.' It implies direction of behavior.

You say 'kanuna karşı' or 'yasalara aykırı'.

Yes, constantly. 'Fenerbahçe'ye karşı oynuyoruz' means 'We are playing against Fenerbahçe'.

It almost always means crossing between the European and Asian sides.

Yes, 'sabaha karşı' (towards morning) is a common expression.

You say 'karşımda'.

It is neutral. It can be used in any context.

There isn't a single word, but 'yan' (beside) or 'aynı taraf' (same side) are contextual opposites.

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