A1 · 初級 チャプター 10

Stacking Facts and Exceptions

5 トータルルール
51 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Layer your thoughts to describe the world with more detail and nuance.

  • Combine multiple facts about a person or place effortlessly.
  • Express accumulating problems or sequence of events with style.
  • Specify exceptions and additions using 'besides' and 'except for'.
Stack your ideas, define your exceptions.

学べること

Ready to take your Chinese from basic statements to really expressive conversations? In this super exciting chapter,

Stacking Facts and Exceptions,
you're going to unlock the power to add depth and nuance to everything you say, even as an absolute beginner! What will you master? You’ll learn incredibly useful conjunctions like 不但...而且 and 不仅...而且 – think of them as your secret weapons for saying
not only... but also.
You'll discover how to use them to pile up amazing facts, like
Not only is this restaurant delicious, but it’s also super affordable!
Then, we'll flip the script and show you how to use the same pattern to express accumulating problems, like
Not only is it raining, but I also forgot my umbrella!
Finally, you'll get the hang of 除了...以外, which lets you neatly talk about besides or except for, perfect for when you need to specify details, like
Besides him, everyone else is here.
Why does this matter? Imagine trying to describe your favorite movie, explain why you're busy, or even just order food precisely. These patterns let you build richer sentences, making your Chinese sound much more natural and sophisticated. You won't just list things anymore; you'll connect them with style! By the end of this chapter, you won't just be forming simple sentences; you'll be weaving together ideas, expressing contrasts, and clearly stating exceptions. You'll sound more like a native speaker, ready to impress your Chinese friends with your newfound conversational flair. Don't worry, we'll guide you step-by-step. Let's make your Chinese shine!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to describe a restaurant using 'not only... but also' to list its positive traits.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to explain a difficult situation by stacking problems using negative conjunctions.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to clarify who is attending an event using 'except for' and 'besides'.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome to
Stacking Facts and Exceptions,
your essential guide to adding depth and flair to your A1 Chinese grammar! As you progress from simple sentences, you'll find that connecting ideas smoothly is key to more natural conversations. This chapter introduces you to incredibly useful Chinese conjunctions that will elevate your speaking and understanding.
We're focusing on patterns like 不但...而且 and 不仅...而且 for saying
not only... but also,
which are fundamental for expressing multiple related ideas. You'll also master 除了...以外 to clearly state besides or except for.
Why are these patterns so important for learning Chinese A1? Imagine being able to say, "Not only is this movie interesting, but it's also very funny! or Besides coffee, I also like tea." These structures allow you to build richer, more complex thoughts, moving beyond basic subject-verb-object constructions. Mastering them will make your Chinese sentences sound more sophisticated and natural, helping you express yourself with greater precision and confidence.
By the end of this chapter, you won't just be stating facts; you'll be weaving them together, making your A1 Chinese truly shine!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter equips you with powerful tools to connect ideas, making your Chinese grammar more expressive. Let's break down each pattern:
1. Stacking Facts: Not Only... But Also (不但...而且)
This structure is perfect for linking two positive, additional pieces of information about a subject. The general pattern is: 不但 [fact 1], 而且 [fact 2].
Example

这个餐厅不但好吃，而且很便宜。(Zhège cāntīng bùdàn hǎochī, érqiě hěn piányi.) (This restaurant is not only delicious, but also very cheap.)

You can also use this for Stacking Problems:
Example

天气不但冷，而且下雨了。(Tiānqì bùdàn lěng, érqiě xià yǔ le.) (The weather is not only cold, but also raining.)

2. Chinese Not Only... But Also (不仅...而且)
Similar to 不但...而且, 不仅...而且 also means
not only... but also.
While often interchangeable, 不仅 can sometimes imply that the second point is even more significant or unexpected than the first. For A1 Chinese learners, you can generally use them in similar contexts.
Example

他不仅会说中文，而且说得很好。(Tā bùjǐn huì shuō Zhōngwén, érqiě shuō de hěn hǎo.) (He not only can speak Chinese, but also speaks it very well.)

3. Using 除了...以外 (chúle...yǐwài) for 'Besides' and 'Except For'
This versatile phrase can mean two things depending on the context:
* 'Besides' (inclusive): When you mean in addition to or apart from, including the item mentioned.
Example

除了咖啡以外，我还喜欢喝茶。(Chúle kāfēi yǐwài, wǒ hái xǐhuān hē chá.) (Besides coffee, I also like to drink tea.)

* 'Except for' (exclusive): When you mean excluding the item mentioned. This often uses 都 (dōu - all) or 没有 (méiyǒu - not have) in the second clause.
Example

除了他以外，大家都来了。(Chúle tā yǐwài, dàjiā dōu lái le.) (Except for him, everyone else came.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 他不但聪明，而且也努力。(Tā bùdàn cōngmíng, érqiě yě nǔlì.)
✓ Correct: 他不但聪明，而且努力。(Tā bùdàn cōngmíng, érqiě nǔlì.)
*Explanation:* When using 不但...而且 or 不仅...而且, the 也 (yě - also) is usually omitted before the second clause's verb/adjective if the subject is the same. The also meaning is already implied by 而且.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 除了他以外，我去了。(Chúle tā yǐwài, wǒ qù le.)
✓ Correct: 除了他以外，我都去了。(Chúle tā yǐwài, wǒ dōu qù le.)
*Explanation:* When 除了...以外 means except for, the second part of the sentence often needs 都 (dōu - all) or 也 (yě - also) to clearly indicate that the rest of the group is affected, or 没有 (méiyǒu) if it's a negative statement. Simply saying I went doesn't clearly convey the except for meaning for an entire group.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我喜欢吃水果，而且蔬菜。(Wǒ xǐhuān chī shuǐguǒ, érqiě shūcài.)
✓ Correct: 我不但喜欢吃水果，而且也喜欢吃蔬菜。(Wǒ bùdàn xǐhuān chī shuǐguǒ, érqiě yě xǐhuān chī shūcài.)
*Explanation:* 而且 is a conjunction that connects two clauses or phrases, usually with 不但 or 不仅 preceding the first. It cannot typically stand alone to connect two nouns in this way. For simply listing things, use 和 (hé - and) or just commas.

Real Conversations

A

A

这家咖啡店怎么样？(Zhè jiā kāfēidiàn zěnmeyàng?) (How is this coffee shop?)
B

B

这家咖啡店不但环境好，而且咖啡也很好喝！(Zhè jiā kāfēidiàn bùdàn huánjìng hǎo, érqiě kāfēi yě hěn hǎohē!) (This coffee shop is not only a nice environment, but also the coffee is very good!)
A

A

你周末有什么计划？(Nǐ zhōumò yǒu shénme jìhuà?) (What are your plans for the weekend?)
B

B

除了学习中文以外，我还想去看电影。(Chúle xuéxí Zhōngwén yǐwài, wǒ hái xiǎng qù kàn diànyǐng.) (Besides studying Chinese, I also want to go watch a movie.)
A

A

他是个好学生吗？(Tā shì ge hǎo xuéshēng ma?) (Is he a good student?)
B

B

是的，他不仅学习好，而且对同学也很好。(Shì de, tā bùjǐn xuéxí hǎo, érqiě duì tóngxué yě hěn hǎo.) (Yes, he not only studies well, but also is very good to his classmates.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the main difference between 不但...而且 and 不仅...而且 in A1 Chinese grammar?

For A1 Chinese learners, they are largely interchangeable, both meaning

not only... but also.
不仅 can sometimes imply a slightly stronger emphasis or unexpectedness for the second point, but the core meaning is the same.

Q

Can I use 除了 without 以外 in Chinese grammar?

Yes, you can often omit 以外 and just use 除了 (chúle). For example, 除了他，大家都来了 (Chúle tā, dàjiā dōu lái le) is perfectly natural and common.

Q

Are there other ways to say

not only... but also
in Chinese?

While 不但...而且 and 不仅...而且 are the most common and versatile, you might encounter 不但...还/也 (bùdàn...hái/yě) or 不但...并且 (bùdàn...bìngqiě) in more formal contexts. For A1 Chinese, focus on mastering the primary two.

Cultural Context

In daily Chinese conversation, using patterns like 不但...而且 and 除了...以外 is incredibly common and makes your speech sound much more natural and less disjointed. Native speakers frequently use these to elaborate on ideas, offer nuanced opinions, or provide specific details. Rather than just listing separate facts, these conjunctions allow you to create a smooth flow, showing the relationship between different pieces of information.
Mastering them helps you communicate more effectively and participate in more sophisticated discussions, even at an early stage of learning Chinese.

重要な例文 (2)

1

这个手机不但很旧，而且很难用。

このスマホは古いだけでなく、すごく使いにくい。

不運の連続：「～だけでなく～も」（不但...しかも...）
2

今天不但下雨，而且非常冷。

今日は雨が降っているだけでなく、ものすごく寒い。

不運の連続：「～だけでなく～も」（不但...しかも...）

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

「おまけ」のワクワク感

後ろの「而且」の後は、前よりもちょっと驚くような情報を置くと自然だよ。例えば: «他不仅会说汉语，而且说得很好。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語の「〜だけでなく〜も」(不仅...而且)
💡

「待ってました！」の法則

「不仅」と言い始めたら、聞き手は「しかも〜なんだよね？」とワクワクして待っています。必ず「而且」で文を完成させましょう！ «他不仅高，而且很帅。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ～だけでなく～も (`不仅...而且`)
🎯

ドラマチックな「ため」を作ろう

話すときは «不但» (bùdàn) と最初の問題のあとに、ほんの少しだけ間を置いてみて。聞き手が「え、まだ何かあるの？」と身構えるので、その後の «而且» (érqiě) がより効果的になります。 «不但很累，而且很饿。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不運の連続：「～だけでなく～も」（不但...しかも...）
🎯

「も」を忘れずに！

後半の文に「也」や「还」を付け加えると、ネイティブっぽく自然に聞こえますよ！「«她不但会说英语，而且还会说法文。»」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 事実を重ねる：〜だけでなく、さらに〜 (`不但...而且`)

重要な語彙 (7)

漂亮(piàoliang) beautiful 便宜(piányi) cheap/affordable 下雨(xiàyǔ) to rain 伞(sǎn) umbrella 水果(shuǐguǒ) fruit 芒果(mángguǒ) mango 聪明(cōngmíng) smart/clever

Real-World Preview

coffee

Reviewing a New Cafe

Review Summary

  • Subject + 不但 (búdàn) + A, 而且 (érqiě) + B
  • Subject + 不仅 (bùjǐn) + A, 而且 (érqiě) + B
  • 除了 (chúle) + X + 以外 (yǐwài), (Subject) + 都 (dōu)/还 (hái) + ...

よくある間違い

While '也' can be used, the '不但...而且' pattern is the standard complete structure. Beginners often forget the '而且' connector.

Wrong: 我不但喜欢苹果，也喜欢西瓜。(I not only like apples, also like watermelons.)
正解: 我不但喜欢苹果，而且喜欢西瓜。(I not only like apples, but also like watermelons.)

When the subjects are different (I and He), the '不但' must come BEFORE the first subject, and you usually need '也' in the second part.

Wrong: 不但我不喜欢北京，而且他不喜欢北京。(Not only I don't like Beijing, but also he doesn't like Beijing.)
正解: 不但我不喜欢北京，而且他也不喜欢北京。(Not only I don't like Beijing, but he also doesn't like Beijing.)

You must include '以外' to complete the frame, and use '都' (all) or '还' (also) to clarify if you are including or excluding the item.

Wrong: 除了芒果，我喜欢水果。(Except mango, I like fruit.)
正解: 除了芒果以外，我都喜欢吃水果。(Except for mangoes, I like to eat all fruits.)

このチャプターのルール (5)

1

中国語の「〜だけでなく〜も」(不仅...而且)

A1
「不仅...而且」を使えば、単なるリストが「おまけ付き」の豊かな表現にレベルアップ！大事なのは «不仅» と «而且» のセットでリズムを作ることです。
他不仅很帅，而且很聪明。
11 例文
2

～だけでなく～も (`不仅...而且`)

A1
「不仅...而且」を使って情報をどんどんプラスしましょう！会話がもっと豊かになりますよ。大事なキーワードは «不仅»（〜だけでなく）と «而且»（さらに）のセットです。
他不仅聪明，而且很努力。
10 例文
3

不運の連続：「～だけでなく～も」（不但...しかも...）

A1
「悪いこと」や「困ったこと」をどんどん積み上げて、状況の深刻さを伝える魔法のセットが «不但...而且...» です。
这个手机不但很旧，而且很难用。
10 例文
4

事実を重ねる：〜だけでなく、さらに〜 (`不但...而且`)

A1
事実を「積み重ねる」イメージです。「«不但»」で1つ目を、「«而且»」でさらに強調したい2つ目を言います。キーワード：「«プラスアルファ»」「«セットで使う»」「«強調»」。
他不但帅，而且很温柔。
10 例文
5

「〜に加えて」と「〜を除いて」を表す`除了...以外` (chúle...yǐwài)の使い方

A1
このパターンは、«都» を使って「〜を除いて」と言うか、«还» や «也» を使って「〜に加えて」と言うかの2通りあります。
除了周一以外，我每天都去健身房。
10 例文

Next Steps

You've just leveled up your descriptive power! Keep practicing these 'stacking' patterns to sound more expressive and natural.

Describe your family members using 不但...而且.

Write a grocery list using 除了...以外.

Continue to: Handling Contrasts and Surprises

クイック練習 (6)

空欄に `都` か `还` を入れてください。

除了苹果以外，我什么水果 ___ 喜欢吃。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 都
「リンゴ以外は、どんな果物も好き」という例外の意味なので、 都 が正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜に加えて」と「〜を除いて」を表す`除了...以外` (chúle...yǐwài)の使い方

間違いを見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

除了看书以外，都我也喜欢听音楽。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 除了看书以外，我也喜欢听音乐。
「〜も好き」と言う時は 也 を使います。 都 と 也 を一緒に使うことはできません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜に加えて」と「〜を除いて」を表す`除了...以外` (chúle...yǐwài)の使い方

この不満文の間違いを見つけて直してください。

那个人不但很漂亮和很有钱。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 那个人不但很漂亮，而且很有钱。
形容詞をつなぐ時に「和 (hé)」は使えません。「しかも」を意味する「しかも」を使いましょう。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不運の連続：「～だけでなく～も」（不但...しかも...）

状況をエスカレートさせる正しいつなぎ言葉を選んでください。

这个西瓜不但很大，____ 甜。 (このスイカは大きいだけでなく、甘い。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 而且
「不但...」の後半セットは「而且 (érqiě)」が正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不運の連続：「～だけでなく～も」（不但...しかも...）

正しい文を選んでください。

「中国語のほかに、彼は英語も話せます」という意味の文はどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 除了中文以外，他还说英文。
「〜に加えて」という追加の意味を表すには、 还 や 也 を使う必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜に加えて」と「〜を除いて」を表す`除了...以外` (chúle...yǐwài)の使い方

「ダブルの問題」を説明している最も自然な文を選んでください。

最も自然な中国語はどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我的手机不但很旧，而且很慢。
「不但...しかも...」の形には、カンマと「而且」の両方が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不運の連続：「～だけでなく～も」（不但...しかも...）

Score: /6

よくある質問 (6)

もちろんです！「このホテルは狭いだけでなく汚い」のように使えます。例えば: «这个酒店不仅很小，而且很脏。»
ほぼ同じですが、「不但」の方が少し硬くて書き言葉や教科書でよく見ます。「不仅」は会話でよく使われます。
いいえ、セットで使いましょう。後半を言わないと、聞き手は「それで？」とモヤモヤしてしまいます。 «不仅...而且...» で一つの完成した文になります。
ほぼ同じ意味です！「不仅」の方が少しだけ丁寧で書き言葉に近いですが、日常会話ではどちらを使っても大丈夫ですよ。
基本的には使えません。「〜なだけでなく…」と言いかけたままだと、聞き手は続きを待ってしまいます。 «不但很贵...» と言ったら必ず続きを言いましょう。
はい、ただし主語が2つある場合（例：私だけでなく彼も…）に限ります。A1レベルでは、まず文の最初に主語を置く形を覚えましょう。 «我不但...»
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Handling Contrasts and Surprises
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