A1 · 初級 チャプター 9

Setting Conditions

5 トータルルール
53 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of conditional thinking to express plans and requirements fluently in Chinese.

  • Construct standard 'if-then' scenarios using 如果...就.
  • Identify when to use casual markers like 要是 and emphatic ones like 只有...才.
  • Apply the logic of sufficient conditions with 只要...就.
Unlock the power of 'if' in Chinese.

学べること

Hey there, language explorer! Ready to dive into a super exciting topic in Chinese? This chapter is all about 'setting conditions' – basically, how to say, 'if this happens, then that will happen.' You’ll find this incredibly useful in so many situations, like when you want to say, 'If it rains, we’ll stay home,' or 'If you study, you’ll definitely pass.' We're going to learn how to build sentences using words like 'if,' 'as long as,' and 'only if.' First, we’ll tackle the essential 'If... Then...' pattern, which uses '如果...就'. This is your foundational tool. Then, you'll discover how to use '要是' for more casual, everyday 'if' statements, making your conversations sound much more natural. Next, we'll explore '只要...就', showing you how to express that just one simple condition is enough to achieve a result. And finally, we'll get to 'Only If' with '只有...才', which is perfect for laying down strict, necessary conditions. Imagine telling a friend, 'Only if you have a ticket can you go in.' See how powerful that is? By the end of this chapter, you’ll be able to confidently express different conditions, make plans, and explain requirements in Chinese. Get ready to make your Chinese sound more precise and impressive!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Build a conditional sentence to describe a future plan.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, language explorer! Welcome to an essential chapter in your A1 Chinese grammar journey: Setting Conditions. This topic is incredibly powerful because it unlocks your ability to express cause and effect, plans, and requirements – fundamental aspects of any conversation. Mastering conditional sentences will significantly boost your fluency and confidence, moving you beyond simple statements to more complex and nuanced expressions.
Think about how often you say things like, "If it's sunny, we'll go for a walk, or As long as you practice, you'll improve." This guide will equip you with the Chinese grammar tools to articulate these ideas clearly and effectively.
Understanding how to form 'if... then...' statements is a cornerstone of basic Chinese grammar. It's not just about memorizing words; it's about grasping the logic that underpins how native speakers link ideas.
By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to confidently use phrases like 如果...就 (rúguǒ...jiù), 要是 (yàoshi), 只要...就 (zhǐyào...jiù), and 只有...才 (zhǐyǒu...cái). These patterns are crucial for everything from making plans with friends to understanding instructions, making them vital for anyone learning A1 Chinese.
This chapter is designed to be engaging and practical, focusing on real-world usage. We'll break down each conditional structure, provide clear examples, and highlight common pitfalls. By learning these conditional patterns, you're not just learning new words; you're gaining the ability to express a whole new range of intentions and possibilities in Chinese.
Get ready to make your Chinese conversations more precise and impressive!

How This Grammar Works

Let's dive into the core of setting conditions in Chinese! We’ll explore four key patterns that allow you to express 'if,' 'as long as,' and 'only if' scenarios.
First up is the essential 'If... Then...' pattern: 如果...就 (rúguǒ...jiù). This is your go-to for general conditional statements. 如果 introduces the condition, and 就 introduces the result.
Example

如果下雨，我们就不去公园了。 (Rúguǒ xiàyǔ, wǒmen jiù bù qù gōngyuán le.) (If it rains, we won't go to the park.)

Next, for a more casual 'if,' we have 要是 (yàoshi). It functions very similarly to 如果 but often sounds a bit softer and more conversational. You can use 要是 interchangeably with 如果 in many situations, especially in spoken Chinese.
Example

要是你有时间，我们一起吃饭吧。 (Yàoshi nǐ yǒu shíjiān, wǒmen yīqǐ chīfàn ba.) (If you have time, let's eat together.)

To express 'As Long As...' you'll use 只要...就 (zhǐyào...jiù). This pattern emphasizes that a single, simple condition is sufficient to achieve a result. 只要 means as long as or provided that.
Example

只要你努力，就会成功。 (Zhǐyào nǐ nǔlì, jiù huì chénggōng.) (As long as you work hard, you will succeed.)

Finally, for strict or necessary conditions, we use 'Only If' with 只有...才 (zhǐyǒu...cái). This pattern implies that the condition is the *sole* requirement for the result. If the condition isn't met, the result won't happen.
只有 means only if or only when, and 才 emphasizes that the result *only then* occurs.
Example

只有你同意，我才去。 (Zhǐyǒu nǐ tóngyì, wǒ cái qù.) (Only if you agree, will I go.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 如果我学习，会通过。 (Rúguǒ wǒ xuéxí, huì tōngguò.)
✓ Correct: 如果我学习，就会通过。 (Rúguǒ wǒ xuéxí, jiù huì tōngguò.)
*Explanation:* In the 如果...就 structure, 就 is almost always necessary to link the condition to the result. Omitting it can make the sentence sound incomplete or less natural.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 只要你努力，才成功。 (Zhǐyào nǐ nǔlì, cái chénggōng.)
✓ Correct: 只要你努力，就会成功。 (Zhǐyào nǐ nǔlì, jiù huì chénggōng.)
*Explanation:* This mistake confuses 只要...就 with 只有...才. 只要...就 indicates a sufficient condition (as long as X, then Y will happen), and therefore uses 就. 只有...才 indicates a necessary condition (only if X, then Y will happen), which correctly uses 才.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 只有你来，我才高兴。 (Zhǐyǒu nǐ lái, wǒ cái gāoxìng.)
✓ Correct: 只有你来，我才会高兴。 (Zhǐyǒu nǐ lái, wǒ cái huì gāoxìng.)
*Explanation:* While 只有...才 is correct, adding an auxiliary verb like 会 (huì) will or 能 (néng) can after 才 often makes the sentence sound more natural and complete, especially when expressing a potential or resulting state.

Real Conversations

A

A

如果明天天气好，我们去爬山吧。 (Rúguǒ míngtiān tiānqì hǎo, wǒmen qù páshān ba.) (If the weather is good tomorrow, let's go hiking.)
B

B

好啊！要是下雨，我们就去看电影。 (Hǎo a! Yàoshi xiàyǔ, wǒmen jiù qù kàn diànyǐng.) (Okay! If it rains, we'll go watch a movie.)
A

A

只要你告诉我地址，我就能找到。 (Zhǐyào nǐ gàosu wǒ dìzhǐ, wǒ jiù néng zhǎodào.) (As long as you tell me the address, I'll be able to find it.)
B

B

没问题，只有你准时到，我们才能开始。 (Méi wèntí, zhǐyǒu nǐ zhǔnshí dào, wǒmen cái néng kāishǐ.) (No problem, only if you arrive on time, can we start.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between 如果...就 and 要是?

While both mean if...then, 要是 is generally considered more casual and often used in spoken Chinese, whereas 如果 is suitable for both formal and informal contexts.

Q

Can I use 就 with 只有?

No, 只有 strictly pairs with 才 (只有...才). Using 就 with 只有 would be incorrect as they express different types of conditional relationships.

Q

Is 就 always necessary in 如果...就 sentences?

In most cases, yes, 就 is crucial for completing the conditional structure and indicating the result. Occasionally, in very simple or obvious contexts, it might be omitted in informal speech, but it's best to include it for clarity, especially as an A1 learner.

Q

How do I know whether to use 只要...就 or 只有...才?

Use 只要...就 when the condition is *sufficient* (as long as this happens, the result will follow). Use 只有...才 when the condition is *necessary* (only if this happens, will the result follow; nothing else will work).

Cultural Context

These conditional patterns are integral to everyday Chinese communication. Native speakers frequently use 如果...就 for planning and general statements, while 要是 adds a touch of friendliness. 只要...就 often appears in encouraging statements or setting simple prerequisites, such as "As long as you listen, you'll understand." 只有...才 is used when emphasizing strict rules or unique requirements, reflecting a directness about conditions that is common in Chinese culture.
Understanding these nuances will help you not just speak, but also understand the underlying intentions in conversations.

重要な例文 (4)

1

{要是|yàoshi} {明天|míngtiān} {不|bù} {下雨|xiàyǔ}，{我们|wǒmen} **{就|jiù}** {去|qù} {公园|gōngyuán}。

もし明日雨が降らなければ、公園に行きましょう。

中国語のカジュアルな「もし」：要是 (yàoshi) の使い方
2

{要是|yàoshi} {你|nǐ} {很|hěn} {忙|máng}，**{就|jiù}** {别|bié} {来|lái} {了|le}。

もし忙しいなら、来なくてもいいよ。

中国語のカジュアルな「もし」：要是 (yàoshi) の使い方
3

Zhǐyǒu nǐ qù, wǒ cái qù.

あなたが行くなら、私も行きます。

「〜して初めて」のルール (只有...才)
4

Zhǐyǒu duō shuō, nǐde Hànyǔ cái néng hǎo.

たくさん話してこそ、中国語は上手になります。

「〜して初めて」のルール (只有...才)

ヒントとコツ (4)

⚠️

「就」を忘れないで！

後半の文章に «就» がないと、話が途中で終わったみたいに聞こえちゃうよ。«只要你来，我们就开始。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜さえすれば... (只要...就)
⚠️

隠れた「それなら」

日本語では「雨が降れば、家にいる」と言いますが、中国語では「それなら」にあたる «就» が絶対に必要です！ «只要下雨，我就在家。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜さえすれば」の表現 ({只要|zhǐyào}...{就|jiù})
💡

主語の場所は自由！

主語は 如果 の前後どちらでも踊るように移動できます。 «如果我去» も «我如果去» も、どちらも完璧な正解ですよ！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: もし～なら... (如果...就): 条件と結果のマスター
💡

「主語のサンドイッチ」

コンマの後に主語を置いて、そのすぐ後ろに «就» を置くのが鉄則だよ。 «要是下雨，我就不去。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語のカジュアルな「もし」：要是 (yàoshi) の使い方

重要な語彙 (6)

如果 (rúguǒ) if 要是 (yàoshi) if (casual) 只要 (zhǐyào) as long as 只有 (zhǐyǒu) only if 就 (jiù) then (consequence marker) 才 (cái) only then

Real-World Preview

sun

Planning a weekend

Review Summary

  • 如果 (rúguǒ) + [condition], 就 (jiù) + [result]
  • 要是 (yàoshi) + [condition], 就 (jiù) + [result]
  • 只要 (zhǐyào) + [condition], 就 (jiù) + [result]
  • 只有 (zhǐyǒu) + [condition], 才 (cái) + [result]

よくある間違い

In Chinese, conditional sentences usually require the '就' particle in the second clause to connect the result to the condition.

Wrong: 如果下雨，我带伞。
正解: 如果下雨，我就带伞。

The 'Only If' structure (只有) must pair with '才', not '就'.

Wrong: 只有努力，就成功。
正解: 只有努力，才成功。

If the condition is sufficient (As long as), use '就', not '才'.

Wrong: 只要你来，我才高兴。
正解: 只要你来，我就高兴。

Next Steps

You've conquered conditions! Keep practicing these patterns in your daily conversations, and you'll sound like a native speaker in no time.

Write a 5-sentence plan for your next holiday using all conditional patterns.

Continue to: Stacking Facts and Exceptions

クイック練習 (9)

語順の間違いを見つけて直してください。

如果太贵，就我们不买。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 如果太贵，我们就不买。
副詞の「就」は、主語「我们」の後ろ、動詞「不买」の前に移動させる必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: もし～なら... (如果...就): 条件と結果のマスター

パターンを完成させるために、足りない単語を入れてね。

___ 明天有空，我们就去看电影。(もし明日空いていたら、映画を見に行こう。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 要是
文の頭に「もし」を意味する '要是' (yàoshi) を入れるのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語のカジュアルな「もし」：要是 (yàoshi) の使い方

空欄に当てはまる論理的なつなぎ言葉を選んでください。

如果明天下雨，我 ___ 不出门了。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 就
「なら」と言いたい時は、動詞フレーズ「不出门了」の直前に「就」を置きます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: もし～なら... (如果...就): 条件と結果のマスター

正しい言葉を選んで文を完成させてください。

{只有|zhǐyǒu} 你 吃 完，我们 ___ 走。(あなたが食べ終わって初めて、私たちは行けます。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {才|cái}
文が {只有|zhǐyǒu} で始まっているので、セットになる {才|cái} を選ぶのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜して初めて」のルール (只有...才)

文の中の間違いを見つけてね。

Find and fix the mistake:

要是你不吃，就我也吃。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 要是你不吃，我就也吃。
元の文は '就' が主語 '我' の前にあります。正しくは '我' + '就' です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語のカジュアルな「もし」：要是 (yàoshi) の使い方

「安くなければ買いません」の正しい訳はどれ？

正しい文を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {只有|zhǐyǒu} 便宜 我 {才|cái} 买。
「〜でなければ〜ない」という強い条件には {只有...才...} のペアを使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜して初めて」のルール (只有...才)

この文の間違いを見つけてください。

{只有|zhǐyǒu} 下雨，我睡觉。(雨が降ってこそ、私は寝ます。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {只有|zhǐyǒu} 下雨，我 {才|cái} 睡觉。
元の文には動詞の前の {才|cái} が足りません。必ずセットで使いましょう。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜して初めて」のルール (只有...才)

正しい語順の文はどれですか？

正しい文を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 如果你来，我就走。
「就」は必ず主語（我）の後ろ、動詞（走）の前に置かなければなりません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: もし～なら... (如果...就): 条件と結果のマスター

正しい語順の文を選んでね。

「もし雨が降ったら、私は行きません」の正しい訳は？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 要是下雨，我就不去。
ルールは「主語 + 就 + 結果」なので、'我' (私) の後に '就' が来ます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語のカジュアルな「もし」：要是 (yàoshi) の使い方

Score: /9

よくある質問 (6)

本来は「〜だけ欲しい」という意味ですが、この形では「〜さえあれば」となります。«只要有钱»（お金さえあれば）のように使います。
はい！«只要有你»（君さえいれば）は、歌や映画でよく聞くロマンチックな表現です。
いいえ、とてもカジュアルです！友達へのLINEでも、仕事のメールでも使えますよ。 «只要你有空。»
ダメです！ «就» は副詞なので、必ず主語の後か、動詞の前に置きます。 «我就去。»
いいえ、全く変わりません！中国語は動詞が変化しないので、過去・現在・未来どれも «如果...就» のままでOKです。
文法的には通じますが、おすすめしません。ネイティブは「就」を文のつなぎ目として期待しているので、ないと唐突に聞こえます。
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