A1 · 初級 チャプター 8

Giving Reasons and Explanations

5 トータルルール
53 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of explaining reasons and drawing logical conclusions in everyday Chinese conversations.

  • Connect causes to effects using standard sentence pairs.
  • Make logical suggestions based on current situations.
  • Express realization and 'aha' moments using 'no wonder' phrases.
Connect the dots and explain your world with confidence!

学べること

Hey smart learner! Ready to take a big leap in your Chinese conversations? In this chapter, you're going to master how to explain reasons and say *why* things happen or *why* something is the way it is. Pretty exciting, right? Imagine, no more just saying 'yes' or 'no' – you'll be able to fully explain yourself! We'll kick things off with '因为...所以' (yīnwèi... suǒyǐ), your go-to for clear cause-and-effect. Think of it like a magic wand that helps you say,

Because this happened, therefore that happened.
For instance, you'll learn to say,
Because I woke up late, I missed the bus.
Super easy and practical! Then, we move to '既然...就...' (jìrán... jiù). With this pair, you can state a known fact and then make a logical suggestion. Like, "Since it's raining, let's watch a movie at home." How cool is that? And for the 'aha!' moments, we have '难怪' (nánguài) and '怪不得' (guàibùdé)! These are perfect for those times when you suddenly realize the reason behind something. For example, if someone tells you they're tired, and you find out they watched movies until late last night, you'll say, "Aha! No wonder you're tired!" By learning these 5 essential rules, by the end of this chapter, you'll be able to confidently explain why something occurred, offer logical suggestions, and even have those satisfying 'aha!' moments about hidden reasons. Let's do this!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: explain a simple cause and effect using yīnwèi and suǒyǐ.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: propose a logical next step using jìrán and jiù.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: identify and use two different ways to say 'no wonder' when realizing a reason.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey smart learner! Welcome to a pivotal chapter in your A1 Chinese grammar journey! If you've ever felt limited in your Chinese conversations, only able to state facts without explaining *why*, then this chapter is your game-changer.
Mastering how to give reasons and explanations isn't just about sounding more fluent; it's about connecting ideas, expressing your thoughts fully, and engaging in deeper interactions. This skill is absolutely essential for anyone looking to build a solid foundation in Chinese language learning. By the end of this module, you'll move beyond simple statements and confidently articulate cause-and-effect, make logical suggestions, and even express those satisfying aha! moments when you realize the reason behind something.
We'll introduce you to versatile structures like 因为...所以 (yīnwèi... suǒyǐ), 既然...就... (jìrán... jiù), and the expressive 难怪 (nánguài) and 怪不得 (guàibùdé).
Get ready to unlock a new level of communicative power in Chinese!

How This Grammar Works

Let's dive into the core structures that will empower your Chinese grammar A1 skills in giving reasons and explanations.
First up is Explaining Why and So: The Cause-Effect Pair (因为...所以). This is your fundamental tool for expressing direct cause and effect. Think of it as
because [reason], therefore [result].
The 因为 (yīnwèi) introduces the reason, and 所以 (suǒyǐ) introduces the consequence.
While you can sometimes omit 所以 in casual speech if the consequence is obvious, it's best practice for learners to include both for clarity.
* 因为我饿了，所以我吃饭。 (Yīnwèi wǒ è le, suǒyǐ wǒ chīfàn.) (Because I'm hungry, therefore I eat.)
* 因为他生病了，所以他没来上课。 (Yīnwèi tā shēngbìng le, suǒyǐ tā méi lái shàngkè.) (Because he is sick, therefore he didn't come to class.)
Next, we have **Since... Then... (既然...
就...): Making Logical Suggestions and Since and Then: Logical Reasoning (jìrán... jiù)**. This pair is used when a fact or premise is already known or accepted, and based on that, you propose a logical conclusion or suggestion.
既然 (jìrán) means since or given that, and 就 (jiù) means then or in that case.
* 既然下雨了，我们就看电影吧。 (Jìrán xiàyǔ le, wǒmen jiù kàn diànyǐng ba.) (Since it's raining, then let's watch a movie.)
* 你既然知道，就告诉我吧。 (Nǐ jìrán zhīdào, jiù gàosù wǒ ba.) (Since you know, then tell me.)
Finally, for those aha! moments, we have Expressing 'No Wonder' with 难怪 (nánguài) and No Wonder! (怪不得). These two terms are largely interchangeable and express a sudden realization or understanding of a reason after hearing new information.
They convey a sense of no wonder! or that explains it!
* 他很累，难怪他想睡觉。 (Tā hěn lèi, nánguài tā xiǎng shuìjiào.) (He's very tired, no wonder he wants to sleep.)
* 你没吃饭？怪不得你饿了。 (Nǐ méi chīfàn? Guàibùdé nǐ è le.) (You didn't eat? No wonder you're hungry.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我饿了，所以我吃饭。 (Wǒ è le, suǒyǐ wǒ chīfàn.) (I'm hungry, therefore I eat.)
✓ Correct: 因为我饿了，所以我吃饭。 (Yīnwèi wǒ è le, suǒyǐ wǒ chīfàn.) (Because I'm hungry, therefore I eat.)
*Explanation:* While 所以 can sometimes stand alone in advanced speech, at the A1 level, it's crucial to explicitly state the reason with 因为 when introducing a cause-and-effect relationship to ensure clarity and proper grammatical structure.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 既然下雨了，看电影吧。 (Jìrán xiàyǔ le, kàn diànyǐng ba.) (Since it's raining, watch a movie.)
✓ Correct: 既然下雨了，我们就看电影吧。 (Jìrán xiàyǔ le, wǒmen jiù kàn diànyǐng ba.) (Since it's raining, then let's watch a movie.)
*Explanation:* When using 既然 to introduce a premise, the 就 (jiù) is almost always required in the second clause to complete the since... then... structure. It emphasizes the logical consequence or suggestion.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 因为你很忙，所以难怪你没来。 (Yīnwèi nǐ hěn máng, suǒyǐ nánguài nǐ méi lái.) (Because you are busy, therefore no wonder you didn't come.)
✓ Correct: 你很忙，难怪你没来。 (Nǐ hěn máng, nánguài nǐ méi lái.) (You are busy, no wonder you didn't come.)
*Explanation:* 难怪 (or 怪不得) already implies the reason is understood or realized, so it doesn't typically need 因为...所以 to introduce the explanation. The fact itself (e.g., you are busy) directly leads to the 难怪 realization.

Real Conversations

A

A

你为什么没来我的生日派对？ (Nǐ wèishénme méi lái wǒ de shēngrì pàiduì?) (Why didn't you come to my birthday party?)
B

B

因为我生病了，所以我不能去。 (Yīnwèi wǒ shēngbìng le, suǒyǐ wǒ bùnéng qù.) (Because I was sick, therefore I couldn't go.)
A

A

外面很冷，我们去哪里？ (Wàimiàn hěn lěng, wǒmen qù nǎlǐ?) (It's very cold outside, where are we going?)
B

B

既然外面冷，我们就去咖啡馆喝咖啡吧。 (Jìrán wàimiàn lěng, wǒmen jiù qù kāfēiguǎn hē kāfēi ba.) (Since it's cold outside, then let's go to a cafe for coffee.)
A

A

他今天看起来很困。 (Tā jīntiān kànqǐlái hěn kùn.) (He looks very sleepy today.)
B

B

他昨天晚上学习到很晚，怪不得他很困。 (Tā zuótiān wǎnshang xuéxí dào hěn wǎn, guàibùdé tā hěn kùn.) (He studied very late last night, no wonder he's so sleepy.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between 难怪 and 怪不得?

For A1 Chinese learners, 难怪 (nánguài) and 怪不得 (guàibùdé) are interchangeable and mean no wonder. There's no significant difference in usage or meaning at this level.

Q

Can I use 所以 without 因为 in Chinese grammar?

Yes, in more advanced or casual speech, 所以 can sometimes stand alone when the reason is implied or already known. However, for clear A1 Chinese communication, it's best to use 因为...所以 together.

Q

Is 就 always necessary with 既然 in Chinese language learning?

Almost always. While very rare exceptions exist, for A1 Chinese learners, always pair 既然 with 就 to form the complete since... then... logical structure.

Q

Why are these reason-giving structures important for A1 Chinese learners?

Mastering these structures allows you to move beyond simple statements to explain *why* things happen, make logical suggestions, and express understanding, making your Chinese conversations much richer and more natural.

Cultural Context

These structures for giving reasons and explanations are incredibly common in everyday Chinese conversation. They reflect a direct and logical communication style, where connecting cause and effect or premise and conclusion is highly valued for clarity. You'll hear them constantly, from daily chats about why someone is late (因为...所以) to making plans based on circumstances (既然...就...) or expressing empathy and understanding (难怪/怪不得).
They are fundamental to expressing yourself clearly and coherently, making them indispensable tools for any learner.

重要な例文 (2)

1

既然你来了，就坐一会儿吧。

せっかく来たんだから、少し座っていってよ。

～である以上、～しよう (既然... 就...): 事実に基づく提案
2

既然买了这么贵的会员，就要每天去健身房。

せっかく高い会費を払ったんだから、毎日ジムに行かなきゃ。

～である以上、～しよう (既然... 就...): 事実に基づく提案

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

チャットでの時短テク

WeChatなどで友達の話を聞いて納得したら、一言 «难怪» と送って、納得した絵文字を添えるだけで完璧な返信になります。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 难怪 (nánguài) を使った「道理で〜なわけだ」の表現
💡

一言でリアクション！

長い文を言わなくても、相手の説明を聞いて「なるほどね！」とだけ言いたい時は «原来是这样，怪不得！» と言えばバッチリです。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: どおりで！ (怪不得)
⚠️

「就」を忘れないで！

日本語や英語では「じゃあ」を省くことがありますが、中国語では «就» がないと文が未完成に聞こえてしまいます。 «既然你不想去，就别去了。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ～である以上、～しよう (既然... 就...): 事実に基づく提案
💡

「2つのカギ」ルール

「{因为|yīnwèi}」と「{所以|suǒyǐ}」は、1つのドアを開けるための2つのカギだと思ってね。両方揃って初めて、自然な中国語の文章が完成するよ！ «因为我很累，所以我睡觉。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 原因と結果を説明する：接続詞ペア (因为...所以)

重要な語彙 (8)

因为(yīnwèi) because 所以(suǒyǐ) therefore / so 既然(jìrán) since / now that 就(jiù) then (logical consequence) 难怪(nánguài) no wonder 怪不得(guàibùdé) no wonder (colloquial) 下雨(xiàyǔ) to rain 累(lèi) tired

Real-World Preview

cloud-rain

Changing Plans Due to Weather

coffee

The Sleepy Colleague

Review Summary

  • 因为 (Reason), 所以 (Result)
  • 既然 (Fact), (Subject) 就 (Suggestion)
  • 既然 (Evidence), (Subject) 就 (Conclusion)
  • 难怪 (Realization)
  • 怪不得 (Realization)

よくある間違い

In English, we often omit 'so' if we start with 'because'. In Chinese, using the pair 'yīnwèi... suǒyǐ' is much more common and sounds more complete.

Wrong: 因为下雨，我们不去。 (yīnwèi xiàyǔ, wǒmen búqù.)
正解: 因为下雨，所以我们不去。 (yīnwèi xiàyǔ, suǒyǐ wǒmen búqù.)

The word 'jiù' (then) must come AFTER the subject (wǒmen) in the second clause, not before it.

Wrong: 既然下雨，就我们看电影。 (jìrán xiàyǔ, jiù wǒmen kàn diànyǐng.)
正解: 既然下雨，我们就看电影。 (jìrán xiàyǔ, wǒmen jiù kàn diànyǐng.)

Unlike the English '...no wonder' which can come at the end, 'nánguài' and 'guàibùdé' are usually placed at the beginning of the clause they explain.

Wrong: 你很累，难怪。 (nǐ hěn lèi, nánguài.)
正解: 难怪你很累。 (nánguài nǐ hěn lèi.)

このチャプターのルール (5)

1

难怪 (nánguài) を使った「道理で〜なわけだ」の表現

B1
新しく知った「理由」と、目の前の「結果」を «难怪» (nánguài) でつないで、スッキリ納得した気持ちを伝えましょう！
他昨天没睡觉，难怪今天很累。
11 例文
2

どおりで！ (怪不得)

B1
新しい発見をして「あぁ、そういうことか！」と納得した時は «怪不得» を使いましょう。 «なるほど» «納得» «どおりで»
He is running, no wonder he is hot.
12 例文
3

～である以上、～しよう (既然... 就...): 事実に基づく提案

B1
「既然...就...」は、わかっている事実から「じゃあ、こうしよう！」と論理的な提案をするためのセットです。 «既然» で事実を、 «就» でアクションをつなぎます。
既然你来了，就坐一会儿吧。
10 例文
4

原因と結果を説明する：接続詞ペア (因为...所以)

A1
理由と結果をセットで伝える魔法の言葉！ «因为...所以» を使えばバッチリ。 «理由» «結果» «セットで使う»
Because I am very tired, so I want to sleep.
10 例文
5

～である以上、それなら：論理的な「既然」と「就」 (jìrán... jiù)

A1
既にある事実を伝えてから、次のアクションを提案する魔法のセットです。«既然» で事実を言って、«就» で「じゃあこうしよう」と繋げます。
既然你不想去，我们就不用去了。
10 例文

Next Steps

You've just leveled up your conversational logic! Being able to explain 'why' is a huge milestone in language learning. Keep practicing these pairs, and you'll sound like a pro in no time.

Write 3 sentences about your day using 'yīnwèi... suǒyǐ'.

Listen to a Chinese podcast and try to spot the word 'nánguài'.

Continue to: Setting Conditions

クイック練習 (3)

「因为...所以」を正しく使っているのはどっち？

文法的に正しい文章を選んでね：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {因为|yīnwèi} {今天|jīntiān} {很|hěn} {冷|lěng}，{所以|suǒyǐ} {我|wǒ} {穿|chuān} {件|jiàn} {大衣|dàyī}。
中国語の基本パターンは '{因为|yīnwèi} [理由], {所以|suǒyǐ} [結果]' の順番だよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 原因と結果を説明する：接続詞ペア (因为...所以)

この文章の間違いを見つけてね。

Find and fix the mistake:

{因为|yīnwèi} {我|wǒ} {没|méi} {买|mǎi} {票|piào}，{可是|kěshì} {我|wǒ} {没|méi} {看|kàn} {电影|diànyǐng}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {因为|yīnwèi} {我|wǒ} {没|méi} {买|mǎi} {票|piào}，{所以|suǒyǐ} {我|wǒ} {没|méi} {看|kàn} {电影|diànyǐng}。
元の文は「しかし」という意味の '{可是|kěshì}' を使っていたけど、「チケットを買わなかった」のが理由で「映画を見なかった」のだから、'{所以|suǒyǐ}' が正しいよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 原因と結果を説明する：接続詞ペア (因为...所以)

空欄に正しい接続詞を入れてみよう。

___ {我|wǒ} {很|hěn} {饿|è}，___ {我|wǒ} {吃|chī} {了|le} {两|liǎng} {个|gè} {汉堡|hànbǎo}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 因为...所以
「お腹が空いた」という理由で「ハンバーガーを2つ食べた」という結果になるので、原因と結果を表す '{因为|yīnwèi}...{所以|suǒyǐ}' が正解だよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 原因と結果を説明する：接続詞ペア (因为...所以)

Score: /3

よくある質問 (6)

直訳すると「責める(怪)のが難しい(难)」となります。「«难怪他生气»」と言えば、彼を責めるのは難しい、つまり「怒るのも当然だ」という意味になります。
かなりカジュアルな言葉です。友達や同僚との会話で使います。書き言葉なら「«难怪如此»」などが使われます。
基本的にはできません。でも、«他很忙，怪不得！»（彼忙しいんだって、どおりで！）のように、一言のリアクションならOKです。
「所以」は単に「だから」という事実を言いますが、「怪不得」は「あぁ、そういうことだったのか！」という驚きや納得の気持ちが入ります。
「〜したからには」「〜である以上」という意味です。話し手と聞き手の両方が知っている事実を前提にします。 «既然你来了...»
いいえ。「既然」はすでに起きたことや確定した事実に使います。未来の仮定なら「如果（もし）」を使いましょう。
前のチャプター
Timing and Multitasking
次のチャプター
Setting Conditions
ロードマップに戻る