Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use -느라고 to explain a negative result caused by spending time on a specific action.
- Only use with action verbs (e.g., 공부하다, 일하다).
- The second clause must be a negative result or an excuse.
- The subject of both clauses must be the same.
Overview
- 1遅刻や連絡の遅れ：
친구를 기다리느라고 늦었어요.（友達を待っていたので遅れました。）のように、何かに時間を取られていたことを伝える際に最適です。 - 2身体的・精神的な状態：
야근을 하느라고 너무 피곤해요.（夜勤をしたのでとても疲れています。）のように、プロセスが原因で今の状態があることを伝えます。 - 3日常の失敗：
드라마를 보느라고 설거지를 못 했어요.（ドラマを見ていたので洗い物ができませんでした。）のように、没頭していたために他のことができなかったという状況説明に非常に適しています。
- 1主語の不一致：日本語の「～のせいで」の感覚で「私が勉強したせいで、母が怒った」を「내가 공부하느라고 어머니가 화를 내셨다」とするのは間違いです。主語は必ず同一でなければなりません。
- 2形容詞への接続：日本語の「忙しいので」をそのまま「바쁘느라고」とする誤用が多いです。形容詞の場合は「바빠서」が正解です。これは「忙しい」という状態はプロセスではないためです。
- 3命令形との混同：
공부하느라고 빨리 가세요.（勉強しているので早く行ってください）という文は文法的に不自然です。「-느라고」は自分の状況説明に使うため、相手への命令文は接続できません。
Verb Conjugation
| Verb | Stem | Result |
|---|---|---|
|
공부하다
|
공부하-
|
공부하느라고
|
|
먹다
|
먹-
|
먹느라고
|
|
자다
|
자-
|
자느라고
|
|
읽다
|
읽-
|
읽느라고
|
|
일하다
|
일하-
|
일하느라고
|
|
놀다
|
놀-
|
노느라고
|
Meanings
Indicates that the first action is the reason for a subsequent negative outcome or situation.
Reason for failure
Explaining why a task wasn't completed due to another activity.
“청소하느라고 늦었어요.”
“책 읽느라고 전화를 못 받았어요.”
Reference Table
| 文法 | 使う場面 | 結果の種類 | 主語のルール |
|---|---|---|---|
|
-느라고
|
意志的な行動・プロセス
|
否定的・不都合な結果
|
前後で必ず同じ
|
|
-아/어서
|
一般的な原因・理由
|
制限なし（中立・肯定もOK）
|
違ってもOK
|
|
-(으)니까
|
主観的な理由・発見
|
命令・提案・一般的
|
違ってもOK
|
|
-기 때문에
|
フォーマル・明確な理由
|
客観的な事実
|
違ってもOK
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
일하느라고 못 갔습니다. (Explaining absence)
일하느라고 못 갔어요. (Explaining absence)
일하느라고 못 갔어. (Explaining absence)
일하느라 못 갔어. (Explaining absence)
-느라고 を使うタイミング
必須条件
- 動詞のみ 勉強、走る、見るなどの動作
- 同じ主語 主語A ＝ 主語B
結果の種類
- マイナスの結果 遅刻、疲れ、失敗、浪費
- 予定外 意図しなかった不都合
-느라고 vs. -아/어서
-느라고 を使ってもいい？
原因は「動詞（行動）」ですか？
結果はマイナス、または大変なことですか？
前後の主語は同じ人ですか？
よく使う -느라고 の場面
日常の後悔
- • YouTube 보느라고
- • 게임하느라고
- • 드라마 보느라고
仕事・勉強
- • 공부하느라고
- • 일하느라고
- • 회의하느라고
家事・用事
- • 청소하느라고
- • 요리하느라고
- • 이사하느라고
レベル別の例文
공부하느라고 늦었어요.
I was late because I was studying.
전화하느라고 못 들었어요.
I didn't hear because I was on the phone.
요리하느라고 정신이 없었어요.
I was so busy cooking that I was distracted.
회의 준비하느라고 점심을 못 먹었습니다.
I couldn't eat lunch because I was preparing for the meeting.
프로젝트를 마무리하느라고 며칠 밤을 새웠습니다.
I stayed up for several nights because I was finishing the project.
이사를 하느라고 그동안 연락을 못 드렸습니다.
I haven't been in touch because I was moving.
間違えやすい
Both mean 'because'.
よくある間違い
예쁘느라고
예뻐서
공부했느라고
공부하느라고
공부하느라고 합격했어요
공부해서 합격했어요
공부하느라고 하세요
공부하세요
文型パターン
___하느라고 ___ 못 했어요.
Real World Usage
미안, 일하느라고 답장 못 했어.
회의하느라고 전화를 못 받았습니다.
숙제하느라고 잠을 못 잤어요.
준비하느라고 늦었어요.
짐 정리하느라고 시간이 다 갔어요.
요리하느라고 주문을 못 했어요.
形容詞は使っちゃダメ！
短縮形を使いこなそう
「言い訳」の技術
Smart Tips
Use -느라고 to show you were busy.
Use -느라고 for professional apologies.
Use the short form -느라.
Focus on the action that took time.
発音
Linking
The '느' is pronounced clearly, followed by the '라' sound.
Falling
일하느라고 ↘
Finality in a statement.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of '느라고' as 'Need to go' because you are too busy doing something else.
視覚的連想
A person looking at a clock, sweating, while holding a pile of books. The books are the '느라고' action, the clock is the 'late' result.
Rhyme
Doing this, doing that, -느라고, I'm late for the chat.
Story
Min-su was studying for his exam. He was so focused that he didn't hear his phone ring. He missed his friend's call because he was studying.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 3 sentences today using -느라고 to explain why you couldn't do something.
文化メモ
Using -느라고 is a polite way to excuse yourself for missed deadlines.
Derived from the verb '하다' (to do) and the connective '-느라고'.
会話のきっかけ
왜 어제 파티에 안 왔어요?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
어제 게임을 ______ (하다) 숙제를 못 했어요.
正しい文章を選んでください：
Find and fix the mistake:
바쁘느라고 전화를 못 했어요.
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercises공부___ 늦었어요.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
숙제했느라고 못 갔어요.
일을 해서 못 갔어요.
Can I use -느라고 with adjectives?
A: 왜 늦었어? B: ___.
전화 / 못 받다 / 일하다
Match: 청소하다 / 늦다
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises살을 ______ (빼다) 좋아하는 치킨을 안 먹고 있어요.
어제 드라마를 봤느라고 늦게 잤어요.
만드느라고 / 저녁을 / 바빴어요 / 요리를
スマホを見ていたせいでバスを逃しました。
使えない組み合わせを選んでください：
正しい組み合わせを選んでください：
넷플릭스를 ______ (보다) 새벽 3시에 잤어요.
동생이 우느라고 내가 공부를 못 했어요.
音楽を聴いていたせいで、チャイムの音が聞こえませんでした。
집을 청소하느라고...
Score: /10
よくある質問 (8)
No, it only works with action verbs.
No, it is for negative results.
Yes, always.
No, the first clause must be in the present stem form.
It is neutral and used in both formal and informal contexts.
-느라고 is for time-consuming activities causing a negative result.
No, it cannot be used with imperatives.
Yes, -느라 is common in speech.
Scaffolded Practice
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3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
por estar haciendo
Korean requires a specific verb ending.
à cause de
Korean is a suffix.
weil ich ... beschäftigt war
Korean is a connective ending.
〜ので
Japanese is more flexible with positive results.
بسبب
Korean is verb-based.
因为...而...
Korean is a suffix.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Continue With
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