导演 30秒で
- 导演 (dǎoyǎn) means 'director' (noun) or 'to direct' (verb) in the context of films, TV, and theater.
- It is composed of '导' (guide) and '演' (perform), literally 'guiding the performance'.
- In professional settings, use it as a title after the surname (e.g., Wang Dǎoyǎn).
- Commonly confused with '导游' (tour guide) or corporate directors (总监).
The Chinese term 导演 (dǎoyǎn) is a versatile word that primarily functions as a noun referring to a 'director'—the creative visionary responsible for overseeing the artistic and dramatic aspects of a film, television program, or theatrical production. However, it is unique because it also functions as a verb meaning 'to direct.' Understanding this word requires looking at its components: 导 (dǎo), which means to lead, guide, or conduct, and 演 (yǎn), which means to perform, act, or play. Together, they literally describe the person who 'guides the performance.' This logical structure is common in Chinese vocational terms, where the action defines the role.
- Professional Context
- In a professional setting, '导演' is not just a job title but also a form of address. On a Chinese film set, people will call the director '导演' (Director) followed by their surname or simply '导演' as a sign of respect, similar to how one might say 'Professor' or 'Doctor' in English. It encompasses everything from blocking scenes to guiding actors and making final creative decisions.
这部电影的导演非常出名。(Zhè bù diànyǐng de dǎoyǎn fēicháng chūmíng.) — The director of this movie is very famous.
Beyond the silver screen, '导演' is used in television for showrunners and in theater for stage directors. In recent years, with the rise of social media and short-form video content, the term has expanded to include content creators who 'direct' their own vlogs or skits. You might hear a friend jokingly call another person a '导演' if they are being bossy or orchestrating a complicated social plan. This metaphorical usage highlights the 'controlling' or 'organizing' aspect of the role. In academic or formal discussions, '导演' might be contrasted with '制片人' (zhìpiànrén - producer), where the '导演' focuses on the art and the '制片人' focuses on the logistics and finance.
- Metaphorical Usage
- Sometimes used to describe someone who 'orchestrates' an event behind the scenes, often with a slightly suspicious or manipulative connotation in political or news contexts, such as '导演了一场闹剧' (directed a farce).
他导演了这一系列活动。(Tā dǎoyǎnle zhè yī xìliè huódòng.) — He directed/orchestrated this series of activities.
Using '导演' correctly involves understanding its dual role as a noun and a verb. When used as a noun, it often follows a name or a descriptive phrase. When used as a verb, it describes the act of directing a specific piece of work. Because Chinese grammar is relatively fluid regarding parts of speech, the transition between 'the director' and 'to direct' is seamless, but the sentence structure must support it.
- As a Noun (Job Title)
- When referring to the person, you can use the measure word '位' (wèi) for respect or '个' (gè) for general usage. Example: '一位优秀的导演' (An excellent director).
张导演正在给演员讲戏。(Zhāng dǎoyǎn zhèngzài gěi yǎnyuán jiǎngxì.) — Director Zhang is currently explaining the scene to the actors.
When using '导演' as a verb, it is frequently followed by the object (the film or play). For example, '导演电影' (directing a movie). If you want to say someone is 'the director of' something, you use the 'A + 是 + B + 的 + 导演' pattern. For example, '李安是《少年派》的导演' (Ang Lee is the director of Life of Pi). Note that in Chinese, titles like '导演' are placed after the surname, which is the opposite of English where we say 'Director Zhang'.
你想当导演吗？(Nǐ xiǎng dāng dǎoyǎn ma?) — Do you want to be a director?
- Common Verb Pairings
- To become a director: 成为导演 (chéngwéi dǎoyǎn). To act as/be a director: 当导演 (dāng dǎoyǎn). To invite a director: 请导演 (qǐng dǎoyǎn).
他不仅是演员，还是导演。(Tā bùjǐn shì yǎnyuán, háishì dǎoyǎn.) — He is not only an actor but also a director.
In Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, '导演' is a high-frequency word found in various media and daily conversations. You will hear it most often in entertainment news, movie credits, and behind-the-scenes documentaries. If you watch Chinese variety shows, such as 'I Am the Actor' (我就是演员) or 'Director Stand By' (导演请指教), the word is central to the dialogue. In these contexts, you'll hear discussions about the '导演风格' (dǎoyǎn fēnggé - directorial style) or '导演意图' (dǎoyǎn yìtú - director's intent).
- In the Workplace
- In creative agencies or marketing firms, '导演' refers to the person directing a commercial (广告导演). Even in small corporate video teams, the person leading the shoot is called the '导演'.
导演，我们可以开始了吗？(Dǎoyǎn, wǒmen kěyǐ kāishǐle ma?) — Director, can we start now?
Socially, movie buffs use the word to debate the merits of famous figures like Zhang Yimou (张艺谋), Feng Xiaogang (冯小刚), or Christopher Nolan (克里斯托弗·诺兰). You'll hear phrases like '这个导演很有才华' (This director is very talented) or '导演的镜头语言很棒' (The director's visual language is great). In a more casual, slangy sense, young people might use it to describe someone who is 'directing' a prank or a complex joke on their friends.
他是第五代导演的代表人物。(Tā shì dì wǔ dài dǎoyǎn de dàibiǎo rénwù.) — He is a representative figure of the Fifth Generation directors.
The most frequent mistake for English speakers is the word order when using '导演' as a title. In English, we say 'Director Wang,' but in Chinese, you must say '王导演' (Wáng Dǎoyǎn). Using the English order '导演王' sounds unnatural and is a classic sign of a non-native speaker. Another common confusion arises from the different types of 'directors' in a corporate versus creative context.
- Director vs. Manager
- In a business setting, a 'Director' (like a Director of Marketing) is usually translated as '总监' (zǒngjiān) or '主任' (zhǔrèn), and a 'Board Director' is '董事' (dǒngshì). '导演' is strictly for creative/artistic directing.
错误: 导演李在看剧本。(Diànyǐng Lǐ zài kàn jùběn.)
正确: 李导演在看剧本。(Lǐ dǎoyǎn zài kàn jùběn.) — Director Li is reading the script.
Learners also sometimes confuse '导演' (dǎoyǎn) with '导游' (dǎoyóu - tour guide) because they both start with '导' (dǎo). While both guide people, one guides a film crew and the other guides tourists. Mixing these up can lead to funny situations where you might accidentally ask a filmmaker for a tour of the city! Finally, ensure you don't use '导演' for an orchestra conductor; that role is specifically '指挥' (zhǐhuī).
不要把导演和导游弄混了。(Búyào bǎ dǎoyǎn hé dǎoyóu nònghùnle.) — Don't confuse director with tour guide.
While '导演' is the standard term, there are several related words that describe similar or specialized roles. Understanding these nuances helps in more advanced conversations about the media industry. For instance, '执导' (zhídǎo) is a more formal verb meaning 'to direct' or 'to be at the helm of a production,' often used in written news or formal introductions.
- Comparison: 导演 vs. 导播
- '导演' (dǎoyǎn) is the general term for film/theater. '导播' (dǎobō) specifically refers to a television director who switches camera angles in a control room during a live broadcast.
- Comparison: 导演 vs. 监制
- '导演' handles the creative execution. '监制' (jiānzhì) is the executive producer who oversees the entire project, often focusing on the budget and overall quality control.
这部片子由张艺谋执导。(Zhè bù piànzi yóu Zhāng Yìmóu zhídǎo.) — This film is directed by Zhang Yimou (Formal).
Another related term is '编导' (biāndǎo), which is a portmanteau of '编剧' (biānjù - screenwriter) and '导演' (dǎoyǎn). This refers to a 'writer-director,' a common role in television production where the person both writes the script and directs the shoot. In theater, you might also encounter '舞美设计' (wǔměi shèjì - stage designer), who works closely with the director but focuses on the physical environment.
他是一个很有才华的编导。(Tā shì yīgè hěnyǒu cáihuá de biāndǎo.) — He is a very talented writer-director.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
In the early days of Chinese theater, the role of a 'director' as we know it today didn't exist in the same way; the lead actor or the troupe leader often handled the 'guiding.'
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing '导' as 'dào' (fourth tone) instead of 'dǎo' (third tone).
- Failing to change the first third tone to a second tone (dáo-yǎn).
- Confusing the 'y' sound in 'yǎn' with a 'j' sound.
- Pronouncing '演' as 'yàn' (fourth tone).
- Mumbling the 'n' ending in 'yǎn'.
難易度
Characters are relatively common; '导' and '演' are learned early.
Characters have several strokes; '演' can be tricky for beginners.
Tone sandhi (3-3 to 2-3) is the only minor challenge.
Clear pronunciation, but don't confuse with '导游'.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Tone Sandhi for 3rd Tones
导 (dǎo) + 演 (yǎn) becomes dáo yǎn.
Measure Word '位'
一位导演 (yí wèi dǎoyǎn).
Titles after Surnames
张导演 (Zhāng dǎoyǎn).
Resultative Complement '得'
拍得很好 (pāi de hěn hǎo).
The '让' (Causative) Structure
导演让演员哭 (The director made the actor cry).
レベル別の例文
他是导演。
He is a director.
Basic Subject + Verb + Noun structure.
那个导演很老。
That director is very old.
Using '很' to link a noun and an adjective.
我不认识这个导演。
I don't know this director.
Negative form with '不'.
导演在那儿。
The director is over there.
Locative structure with '在'.
她是电影导演吗？
Is she a movie director?
Question form with '吗'.
我喜欢这个导演。
I like this director.
Simple Subject + Verb + Object.
导演在喝咖啡。
The director is drinking coffee.
Present continuous with '在'.
这是导演的书。
This is the director's book.
Possessive particle '的'.
我想当一名导演。
I want to be a director.
Using '当' for a profession.
李导演今天不来。
Director Li is not coming today.
Surname + Title structure.
这位导演很有名。
This director is very famous.
Polite measure word '位'.
他在导演一部新戏。
He is directing a new play.
导演 used as a verb.
导演让演员去休息。
The director told the actors to go rest.
Causative verb '让'.
你知道那个导演的名字吗？
Do you know that director's name?
Compound sentence with '知道'.
他导演过很多好电影。
He has directed many good movies.
Experience marker '过'.
导演正在看剧本。
The director is reading the script.
Action in progress with '正在'.
我很佩服这位导演的创意。
I really admire this director's creativity.
Using '佩服' (admire) with a possessive.
导演对演员的要求非常高。
The director's requirements for the actors are very high.
Preposition '对' to indicate target.
这部电影的导演是谁？
Who is the director of this movie?
Interrogative '谁' at the end.
他打算明年导演自己的第一部电影。
He plans to direct his first movie next year.
Future planning with '打算'.
导演把这个故事拍得很美。
The director filmed this story very beautifully.
Resultative complement '得'.
很多年轻人都想成为著名导演。
Many young people want to become famous directors.
Verb '成为' for long-term change.
导演在片场总是很忙碌。
The director is always very busy on set.
Adverb '总是' for frequency.
虽然他是新导演，但很有才华。
Although he is a new director, he is very talented.
Conjunction '虽然...但...'.
导演的意图在结尾处得到了体现。
The director's intent was reflected at the end.
Passive-like structure with '得到体现'.
这位导演擅长运用光影效果。
This director is good at using light and shadow effects.
Verb '擅长' (to be good at).
他是这部纪录片的执行导演。
He is the executive director of this documentary.
Specific title '执行导演'.
导演决定重新拍摄这一场戏。
The director decided to reshoot this scene.
Verb '决定' (to decide).
观众对导演的处理方式有不同看法。
Audiences have different views on the director's approach.
Abstract noun '处理方式' (way of handling).
他以执导动作片而闻名于世。
He is world-famous for directing action movies.
Structure '以...而闻名' (known for...).
导演在发布会上回答了记者的提问。
The director answered the reporters' questions at the press conference.
Locative '在...上' (at...).
这部剧由多位知名导演联合执导。
This series was jointly directed by several well-known directors.
Passive structure with '由...执导'.
导演通过细腻的镜头捕捉到了人物的内心世界。
The director captured the characters' inner world through delicate shots.
Preposition '通过' (through) for method.
该导演的作品往往带有强烈的个人色彩。
This director's works often carry a strong personal touch.
Formal pronoun '该' (this/the said).
导演对剧本进行了大幅度的修改。
The director made extensive modifications to the script.
Structure '对...进行' (to carry out... on).
他被称为“作者导演”，因为他完全掌控电影的艺术方向。
He is called an 'auteur director' because he fully controls the artistic direction of the film.
Passive '被称为' (is called).
导演试图探讨人性中阴暗的一面。
The director attempts to explore the darker side of human nature.
Verb '探讨' (to explore/discuss).
在这部电影中，导演运用了大量的隐喻。
In this movie, the director used a large number of metaphors.
Quantifier '大量的' (a large amount of).
导演的调度让整个场面显得宏大而有序。
The director's blocking made the whole scene appear grand yet orderly.
Technical term '调度' (blocking/staging).
他导演的这部作品引发了广泛的社会讨论。
This work he directed triggered widespread social discussion.
Relative clause with '的'.
这场政治风波背后的导演至今仍是个谜。
The orchestrator behind this political turmoil remains a mystery to this day.
Metaphorical use of '导演'.
导演以极其冷峻的笔触勾勒出了时代的悲剧。
The director outlined the tragedy of the era with an extremely cold and detached touch.
Literary phrase '冷峻的笔触'.
他不仅在导演电影，更是在导演自己的人生。
He is not just directing movies, but directing his own life.
Philosophical parallel structure.
导演对时空的解构展现了其深厚的艺术造诣。
The director's deconstruction of time and space demonstrates his profound artistic attainment.
Abstract term '解构' (deconstruction).
这部电影是导演对其童年往事的一次深情回眸。
This movie is a soulful look back at the director's childhood memories.
Metaphorical noun phrase '深情回眸'.
导演巧妙地利用了观众的心理预期来制造悬念。
The director cleverly used the audience's psychological expectations to create suspense.
Complex adverbial '巧妙地'.
其导演风格深受欧洲新浪潮电影的影响。
His directorial style is deeply influenced by European New Wave cinema.
Passive structure '深受...的影响'.
导演在影片中通过虚实结合的手法，模糊了梦境与现实的界限。
In the film, the director blurred the boundary between dream and reality through the technique of combining the virtual and the real.
Technical phrase '虚实结合'.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— A big-name or very famous director.
他现在可是个大导演了。
— Director's assistant.
他从导演助理做起。
— A director's debut work.
这是他的导演处女作。
— Chief director (often for large events like the Olympics).
他是春晚的总导演。
— Director's chair.
他坐在导演椅上沉思。
— Directors Guild.
他加入了导演工会。
— Stage/Theater director.
她是一位资深的舞台导演。
— Action director/Choreographer.
这部片的动作导演是袁和平。
— Director's fee.
他的导演费非常高。
— Director's office or control room.
导演室里灯火通明。
慣用句と表現
— To write and direct something oneself; often used to describe someone creating their own drama.
他自编自导了这场闹剧。
Common— Life is like a play (implying everyone is a director or actor in their own life).
人生如戏，每个人都是自己的导演。
Literary— The director behind the scenes; often used for someone manipulating events secretly.
谁是这起事件的幕后导演？
Metaphorical— To guide people towards goodness (uses the '导' root).
这部电影的宗旨是导人向善。
Formal— An actor who becomes a director after a successful acting career.
他是“演而优则导”的典型例子。
Industry Slang— To have a well-thought-out plan (like a director before a shoot).
导演对这场戏胸有成竹。
General— To gain the advantage by striking first (often used of a director's powerful opening scene).
导演用震撼的画面先声夺人。
Literary— Exquisite craftsmanship and ingenuity (often used to praise a director's unique vision).
导演的构思可谓匠心独运。
Formal— To lead someone into a beautiful place; fascinating (used for a well-directed story).
导演把故事情节拍得引人入胜。
General— To have a unique style (often said of a director's aesthetic).
这位导演的拍摄手法别具一格。
General語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of a 'Director' as someone who **D**rives (导 - dǎo) the **Y**arn (演 - yǎn) of the story. Or, imagine someone **D**own (3rd tone) on the set, **Y**elling (3rd tone) 'Action!'
視覚的連想
Imagine a person standing behind a camera (演 - performance) holding a map (导 - guide). They are guiding where the performance goes.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to name three famous Chinese directors and use the word '导演' in a sentence for each one (e.g., '张艺谋是导演').
語源
The term is a compound of two ancient characters. '导' (dǎo) originally meant to lead or guide (as in a path). '演' (yǎn) originally referred to the flowing of water, which evolved to mean to develop, and later to perform or act out a story.
元の意味： To guide a performance or to lead the development of a play.
Sino-Tibetan (Chinese).文化的な背景
Be careful not to use '导演' for corporate roles; it can sound slightly mocking if used for a manager who isn't in the arts.
In the West, we often use 'Director' as a job title but rarely as a direct address (except on set). In Chinese, it's a common way to address the person socially.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Film Set
- 导演，开机吗？
- 听导演的。
- 导演在看监视器。
- 副导演在那儿。
Movie Theater
- 导演是谁？
- 导演很有名。
- 导演剪辑版。
- 导演很有才华。
News/Media
- 著名导演。
- 执导新片。
- 导演发布会。
- 导演获大奖。
Education
- 导演系学生。
- 学导演专业。
- 导演理论。
- 导演作品集。
Socializing
- 你想当导演吗？
- 见过这位导演。
- 导演人很好。
- 导演很有趣。
会話のきっかけ
"你最喜欢的导演是谁？ (Who is your favorite director?)"
"你觉得这部电影的导演拍得怎么样？ (How do you think the director filmed this movie?)"
"如果你是导演，你会怎么拍这个结局？ (If you were the director, how would you film this ending?)"
"你想过以后当导演吗？ (Have you ever thought about being a director later?)"
"你认识那位著名的导演吗？ (Do you know that famous director?)"
日記のテーマ
写一写你最喜欢的导演以及你喜欢他的原因。 (Write about your favorite director and why you like them.)
如果你有机会导演一部电影，你会拍什么样的故事？ (If you had the chance to direct a movie, what kind of story would you film?)
描述一下你心目中理想的导演是什么样的。 (Describe what an ideal director looks like in your mind.)
谈谈导演在一部电影中的重要性。 (Talk about the importance of a director in a movie.)
如果你能采访一位大导演，你会问他什么问题？ (If you could interview a big director, what questions would you ask?)
Summary
The word '导演' is essential for discussing media and entertainment. It functions as both a title and an action. Example: '李导演导演了这部电影' (Director Li directed this movie).
- 导演 (dǎoyǎn) means 'director' (noun) or 'to direct' (verb) in the context of films, TV, and theater.
- It is composed of '导' (guide) and '演' (perform), literally 'guiding the performance'.
- In professional settings, use it as a title after the surname (e.g., Wang Dǎoyǎn).
- Commonly confused with '导游' (tour guide) or corporate directors (总监).
関連コンテンツ
workの関連語
充裕的
B2Abundant, ample, or sufficient in quantity.
事故
A2事故または災難。損害や負傷を引き起こす不運な出来事。交通事故は交通事故です。
依照
A2依照は「〜に従って」や「〜に基づいて」という意味です。
准确地
A21. 彼は時間を正確に (准确地) 伝えた。 2. その機械は正確に (准确地) 作動する。
做到
A2やり遂げる; 果たす
积极地
A2積極的に（せっきょくてきに）。彼は積極的に質問に答えます。
应变
B2Adaptive; capable of dealing with emergencies.
行政
A2行政（ぎょうせい）；政治や事務の管理運営。
过后
A2Afterwards; at a later or subsequent time.
赞同
A2賛成する、支持する。考え、提案、行動などに同意したり、支持したりすること。
