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B2 verb 8分で読める

发牢骚

fā láo sāo

練習する例文メモとヒント 发牢骚 30秒で

解説 发牢骚 in your Level:

At the A1 level, think of '发牢骚' (fā láosāo) as a way to say someone is unhappy and talking about it. Even though it's a B2 word, the idea is simple. Imagine a child who doesn't want to eat carrots. They might make sounds like 'Hmph!' or say 'I don't like this.' That is '发牢骚'. In Chinese, '发' (fā) means to send out or release, like sending an email. '牢骚' (láosāo) is the 'unhappy feeling.' So, you are 'sending out' your unhappy feelings. You can use it in very simple sentences like '我不喜欢发牢骚' (I don't like to grumble) or '他经常发牢骚' (He often grumbles). At this stage, just remember it means 'to complain in a small, annoyed way.' It is different from being very angry; it is more about being bothered by small things.

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At the A2 level, you can start to look at the structure of '发牢骚'. It is a 'verb + object' phrase. This is important because in Chinese, these are called 'separable verbs.' You can't just put another object after it. You cannot say '发牢骚 my boss.' Instead, you use the word '向' (xiàng - towards) or '跟' (gēn - with). For example: '他向老师发牢骚' (He grumbled to the teacher). You also see this word used when talking about daily life, like complaining about the weather or the food. It's a useful word because it describes a very common human behavior. If you see someone talking to themselves and looking annoyed, they are probably '发牢骚'. Try to use it when you want to describe someone who is complaining but not really doing anything to fix the problem.

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By B1, you should understand the nuance that '发牢骚' is often about venting. It’s not a formal complaint. If you go to a restaurant and the food is cold, and you tell the waiter, that is '抱怨' (bàoyuàn - to complain) or '投诉' (tóusù - to make a formal complaint). But if you sit at the table and tell your friend, 'Ugh, this place is always so slow, I hate the service here,' that is '发牢骚'. At this level, you should also practice putting words in the middle. For example, '发了一顿牢骚' (vented a bout of grumbles). The word '一顿' (yí dùn) is a measure word often used for meals or actions like scolding/complaining. Using these measure words makes your Chinese sound much more natural and idiomatic.

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At the B2 level, '发牢骚' is a key vocabulary item for describing personality and social interactions. You should recognize that it carries a slightly negative or critical tone. If you describe someone as '爱发牢骚' (loves to grumble), you are suggesting they are a bit of a 'negative Nancy.' You should also be able to use it in more complex sentence structures, such as '与其...不如...' (Instead of... why not...). For example: '与其在这儿发牢骚，不如赶紧把作业做完' (Instead of grumbling here, you’d better finish your homework quickly). You should also distinguish it from synonyms like '埋怨' (mányuàn), which involves blaming someone specific. '发牢骚' is more about the general expression of discontent. You will hear this word in movies, workplace conversations, and literature to describe characters who are frustrated with their circumstances.

At the C1 level, you can explore the literary and historical connotations of '牢骚'. The word '牢' can mean a pen for animals or a prison, and '骚' relates to agitation or the poetic style of the 'Chu Ci' (Songs of Chu). Historically, '牢骚' was used to describe the profound resentment and melancholy of intellectuals who felt their talents were being wasted by a corrupt or indifferent government. When you use '发牢骚' today, you are tapping into this long tradition of expressing dissatisfaction with one's lot in life. You should be able to use the term in professional discussions about employee morale or social psychology. For example, analyzing whether '发牢骚' serves as a healthy 'psychological outlet' (心理出口) for workers in high-stress environments. You should also be familiar with related four-character idioms like '满腹牢骚' (mǎnfù láosāo - to be full of grievances/bellyaching).

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At the C2 level, you should have a masterly grasp of '发牢骚' in all registers. You can use it to critique social phenomena or in literary analysis. You might discuss the '牢骚文学' (Grumbling Literature) that sometimes emerges in specific historical periods. You should also understand the subtle social power dynamics involved in '发牢骚'. For instance, how a superior '发牢骚' might be a way of indirectly signaling expectations, whereas a subordinate's '发牢骚' might be a form of passive-aggressive resistance. You can use it in highly sophisticated rhetorical contexts, such as: '这些文人的牢骚，实则是对时代脉搏的某种病态回应' (The grievances of these literati are, in fact, a morbid response to the pulse of the era). Your mastery should include the ability to switch between this formal analysis and the most casual, slangy uses in daily conversation without hesitation.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

发牢骚 30秒で

A verb-object phrase meaning to grumble or vent dissatisfaction informally.
Commonly used in daily life and work to describe repetitive complaining.
A separable verb that allows modifiers like duration or intensity in the middle.
Carries a slightly negative tone, often implying the complaining is unproductive.

The Chinese verb-object phrase 发牢骚 (fā láosāo) is a quintessential expression used to describe the act of grumbling, complaining, or venting dissatisfaction. While the English word 'complain' is a broad umbrella term, 发牢骚 specifically targets the kind of complaining that is often repetitive, somewhat petty, or directed towards things that the speaker feels they have little power to change. It is less about seeking a formal resolution (like a legal complaint) and more about the emotional release of expressing one's grievances in an informal setting.

The Core Essence: At its heart, 发牢骚 involves 'releasing' (发) 'discontented feelings' (牢骚). The term '牢骚' itself has deep roots in Chinese literature, often referring to the melancholy or resentment felt by scholars who were unappreciated by the imperial court. In modern usage, it has shifted to the everyday grumbling we hear in offices or homes.
Social Context: You will typically encounter this phrase in casual or semi-formal settings. It is rarely used in official documents unless describing someone's behavior. For instance, a manager might notice an employee 发牢骚 about the workload, or a parent might tell a child to stop 发牢骚 about their vegetables. It carries a slightly negative connotation, implying that the complaining might be excessive or unproductive.

他总是因为加班的事情向同事发牢骚。(He is always grumbling to his colleagues about working overtime.)

Typical usage in a workplace scenario.

Understanding the nuance of 发牢骚 requires recognizing that it is a separable verb (离合词). This means you can insert modifiers between '发' and '牢骚'. For example, 发了一顿牢骚 (vented a bout of grumbling) or 发什么牢骚？ (What are you grumbling about?). This flexibility allows speakers to quantify or qualify the intensity of the complaint.

与其坐在这里发牢骚，不如想办法解决问题。(Instead of sitting here grumbling, why not find a way to solve the problem?)

In summary, use 发牢骚 when you want to describe someone who is letting off steam about daily annoyances. It captures the repetitive, verbal nature of dissatisfaction without necessarily implying a desire for a fight or a formal change.

Mastering the use of 发牢骚 involves understanding its grammatical structure as a verb-object construction. Because it is a 'separable verb,' it behaves differently than standard verbs like '喜欢' (to like) or '学习' (to study).

The Prepositional Link: When you want to specify who the person is complaining to, you usually use the preposition 向 (xiàng) or 跟 (gēn). The structure is: Subject + 向/跟 + Someone + 发牢骚. For example: '他向我发牢骚' (He grumbled to me).
Inserting Modifiers: Because '牢骚' is a noun meaning 'grievance,' you can place adjectives or measure words before it. You might say 发了一通牢骚 (vented a whole lot of grumbles) or 发满腹牢骚 (to be full of grievances). This makes the speech sound more native and descriptive.

老王今天又在办公室里发牢骚，说工资太低了。(Old Wang was grumbling in the office again today, saying the salary is too low.)

It is also common to use 发牢骚 with the word 没完没了 (méiwán méiliǎo), which means 'endlessly.' This emphasizes the annoying nature of the person's behavior. For instance: '他没完没了地发牢骚' (He grumbles incessantly). This highlights that the action is a continuous habit rather than a one-time event.

你别发牢骚了，这种事大家都会遇到。(Stop grumbling; everyone encounters this kind of thing.)

Finally, consider the reason for the grumbling. This is often introduced by 为 (wèi) or 因为 (yīnwèi). For example: '别为这点小事发牢骚' (Don't grumble over such a small matter). By combining these structures—the target (向), the intensity (一顿), and the reason (为)—you can construct complex and natural-sounding sentences.

The phrase 发牢骚 is ubiquitous in Chinese daily life, particularly in environments where people feel a sense of shared burden or systemic frustration. It is a word of the 'common folk,' capturing the relatable experience of being annoyed with the status quo.

The Workplace (Office Culture): In the modern Chinese '996' work culture (working 9am to 9pm, 6 days a week), 发牢骚 is a survival mechanism. Colleagues often gather by the water cooler or in private WeChat groups to '发牢骚' about unreasonable deadlines, demanding bosses, or the lack of a bonus. It’s a way to bond and find solidarity.
Family Dynamics: At home, you might hear a spouse 发牢骚 about the rising cost of groceries or a parent 发牢骚 about their child's lack of focus on homework. In these contexts, it often implies a mild, nagging dissatisfaction that everyone in the family has grown accustomed to hearing.

他在朋友圈里发牢骚，抱怨天气太热。(He posted a grumble on his WeChat Moments, complaining that the weather is too hot.)

Social media has also become a massive platform for 发牢骚. On platforms like Weibo or Xiaohongshu, users frequently vent about traffic jams, movie plots, or social trends. Here, the term is often used self-deprecatingly: '我也就是发发牢骚，别当真' (I'm just venting, don't take it seriously).

听他发牢骚简直是浪费时间。(Listening to him grumble is simply a waste of time.)

Interestingly, in academic or historical discussions, 发牢骚 might describe a poet's expression of political exile. While the modern usage is casual, the weight of the word '牢骚' still carries a hint of 'unjust treatment,' making it a powerful word for expressing that things aren't as they should be.

When learning 发牢骚, English speakers often fall into several traps due to direct translation or misunderstanding the grammatical properties of the word.

Confusion with 抱怨 (bàoyuàn): The most common mistake is using 发牢骚 and 抱怨 interchangeably. While both mean 'to complain,' 抱怨 is more direct and can take an object (e.g., 抱怨工作). 发牢骚 is more about the act of grumbling and cannot take a direct object. You 'grumble' (发牢骚) but you 'complain about something' (抱怨某事).
Misusing the Separable Verb Structure: Many learners forget that 发牢骚 can be split. They might say '发牢骚了很久' instead of the more natural '发了很久的牢骚'. Remembering to put the duration or frequency between '发' and '牢骚' is a hallmark of an advanced learner.

❌ 错误：他发牢骚老板。
✅ 正确：他向老板发牢骚。(He grumbles to the boss.)

Another mistake is the tone. 发牢骚 is slightly informal and can sound a bit dismissive. If you are making a formal complaint at a hotel, you should use 投诉 (tóusù). If you use 发牢骚 in that context, the staff might not take your complaint seriously because it sounds like you are just venting personal annoyance rather than reporting a service failure.

❌ 错误：他发牢骚他的生活。
✅ 正确：他总是对生活发牢骚。(He is always grumbling about his life.)

Finally, watch out for the intensity. 发牢骚 is usually verbal. If someone is just unhappy but quiet, we don't say they are 发牢骚. It requires the 'releasing' (发) of sound or words.

To truly master 发牢骚, you must see how it fits into the broader ecosystem of Chinese words for expressing dissatisfaction. Depending on the intensity, target, and formality, you might choose a different word.

抱怨 (bàoyuàn) vs. 发牢骚: 抱怨 is the most general term. It can be internal or external. 发牢骚 is always external (you have to say it) and usually implies a sense of futility. You complain (抱怨) to get a refund; you grumble (发牢骚) because it's raining.
埋怨 (mányuàn) vs. 发牢骚: 埋怨 specifically targets a person. It means to blame someone. '他埋怨妻子没准时出门' (He blamed his wife for not leaving on time). 发牢骚 is more general and doesn't necessarily blame a specific person for the situation.
诉苦 (sùkǔ) vs. 发牢骚: 诉苦 means 'to vent hardships.' It has a more sympathetic tone. If someone is 诉苦, you feel sorry for them. If someone is 发牢骚, you might find them annoying.

与其怨天尤人，不如脚踏实地。(Instead of blaming god and man [a high-level idiom for grumbling], stay grounded and work hard.)

In modern internet slang, you might hear 吐槽 (tǔcáo). This is very popular among young people. While 发牢骚 sounds like a middle-aged person grumbling, 吐槽 sounds like a witty, sharp, or sarcastic remark about something ridiculous. If a movie is bad, you 吐槽 it; if your life is hard, you 发牢骚.

他这人没别的毛病，就是爱咕哝。(He has no other faults, he just loves to mutter/mumble [similar to low-voice grumbling].)

Choosing the right word shows your level of social intelligence in Chinese. Using 发牢骚 correctly signals that you understand the social dynamics of venting dissatisfaction without being overly confrontational.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

Because of the connection to the poem 'Li Sao', poets in China are sometimes called '骚人' (sāorén). So, technically, when you '发牢骚', you are using a word with a very high-brow, poetic lineage to describe your annoying daily complaints!

発音ガイド

UK /fɑː laʊˈsaʊ/

US /fɑ laʊˈsaʊ/

The primary stress is on the third syllable 'sāo', though in Chinese, tone clarity is more important than English-style stress.

韻が合う語

高 (gāo) 刀 (dāo) 包 (bāo) 猫 (māo) 抄 (chāo) 操 (cāo) 骚 (sāo) 遭 (zāo)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'fā' with a falling tone (fourth tone) instead of a level tone.
Pronouncing 'láo' with a flat tone instead of a rising tone.
Confusing 'sāo' (first tone) with 'sǎo' (third tone, like 'sweep').
Failing to treat it as a separable verb in sentences.
Over-emphasizing the 'r' sound if the speaker has a rhotic accent.

難易度

読解 3/5

The characters '牢' and '骚' are moderately complex but common in B2 texts.

ライティング 4/5

Writing '骚' correctly requires attention to the '马' and '又' components.

スピーキング 3/5

Tone changes in 'fā láo sāo' need to be distinct to be understood.

リスニング 3/5

Commonly heard in daily conversations, making it easy to recognize with practice.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

发 (fā) 抱怨 (bàoyuàn) 不满 (bùmǎn) 说话 (shuōhuà) 心情 (xīnqíng)

次に学ぶ

吐槽 (tǔcáo) 怨天尤人 (yuàntiān yóurén) 愤世嫉俗 (fènshì jísú) 发泄 (fāxiè) 埋怨 (mányuàn)

上級

离骚 (Lí Sāo) 怀才不遇 (huáicái bùyù) 无病呻吟 (wúbìng shēnyín)

知っておくべき文法

Separable Verbs (离合词)

他发了三天的牢骚。(He grumbled for three days.)

Directional Preposition '向'

向老师发牢骚。(Grumble to the teacher.)

The '与其...不如...' structure

与其发牢骚，不如去跑步。(Instead of grumbling, why not go for a run.)

Measure words for actions (顿, 通)

他发了一通牢骚。(He vented a bout of grumbling.)

The '爱...' structure for habits

他很爱发牢骚。(He loves to grumble.)

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レベル別の例文

他爱发牢骚。

He loves to grumble.

Simple Subject + Verb-Object structure.

你为什么发牢骚？

Why are you grumbling?

Using '为什么' (why) with the verb.

我不喜欢发牢骚。

I don't like to grumble.

Negative form using '不'.

别发牢骚了。

Stop grumbling.

Imperative '别...了' (Don't... anymore).

他在发牢骚。

He is grumbling.

Progressive action with '在'.

天天发牢骚不好。

Grumbling every day is not good.

Using the phrase as a subject.

小王发牢骚了。

Xiao Wang grumbled.

Completed action with '了'.

谁在发牢骚？

Who is grumbling?

Question with '谁' (who).

他向我发牢骚。

He grumbled to me.

Using '向' (towards) to indicate the listener.

别跟我发牢骚。

Don't grumble with me.

Using '跟' (with) to indicate the listener.

他总是在发牢骚。

He is always grumbling.

Adverb '总是' (always) for frequency.

他因为天气发牢骚。

He grumbled because of the weather.

Using '因为' (because of) to give a reason.

发牢骚没有用。

Grumbling is useless.

Phrase '没有用' (useless).

她又在发牢骚了。

She is grumbling again.

Adverb '又' (again) for repetition.

大家都在发牢骚。

Everyone is grumbling.

Subject '大家' (everyone).

他发牢骚说太累了。

He grumbled, saying he was too tired.

Verb + '说' (saying) to introduce the content of the grumble.

他发了一顿牢骚。

He vented a bout of grumbling.

Separable verb with measure word '一顿'.

你发什么牢骚呢？

What are you grumbling about?

Inserting '什么' (what) into the separable verb.

他没完没了地发牢骚。

He grumbles incessantly.

Using the descriptive complement '没完没了地'.

别为这点小事发牢骚。

Don't grumble over such a small matter.

Preposition '为' (for) to indicate the cause.

他发完牢骚就走了。

He left right after he finished grumbling.

Resultative complement '完' (finish).

听他发牢骚真烦人。

It's really annoying to listen to him grumble.

Using the whole phrase as an object of '听'.

他总是对工资发牢骚。

He is always grumbling about the salary.

Using '对' (towards/about) for the topic.

他只会发牢骚，不会干活。

He only knows how to grumble, not how to work.

Contrastive structure '只会...不会...'.

与其发牢骚，不如去解决问题。

Instead of grumbling, it's better to solve the problem.

Correlative conjunction '与其...不如...'.

他满腹牢骚，谁也不想理他。

He is full of grievances, and no one wants to talk to him.

Idiomatic expression '满腹牢骚' (full of grievances).

他偶尔也会发发牢骚。

He occasionally vents a little bit.

Verb reduplication '发发' to soften the tone.

他发牢骚也是情有可原的。

It's understandable that he's grumbling.

Idiom '情有可原' (pardonable/understandable).

他这辈子都在发牢骚中度过。

He spent his whole life grumbling.

Using the phrase within a '在...中' structure.

别把时间浪费在发牢骚上。

Don't waste time on grumbling.

Structure '浪费在...上' (waste on...).

他只是想发发牢骚，发泄一下。

He just wants to grumble a bit to vent.

Using '发泄' (to vent/release) to explain the purpose.

他发了一通无用的牢骚。

He vented a lot of useless grumbles.

Using '一通' (a bout/a series of) as a measure word.

这种牢骚话听多了也就不在意了。

After hearing these kinds of grumbles so much, one stops caring.

Using '牢骚' as an adjective for '话' (talk/words).

他向领导发牢骚，结果被辞退了。

He grumbled to the leadership and ended up being fired.

Showing a cause-and-effect relationship in a professional context.

他满腔牢骚，却无处诉说。

He was full of grievances but had nowhere to voice them.

Using '满腔' (full of one's chest) for deep emotion.

这首诗表达了诗人怀才不遇的牢骚。

This poem expresses the poet's grievances about his unrecognized talent.

Using '牢骚' in a literary/academic context.

他那点牢骚不过是无病呻吟。

His grumbling is nothing more than making a fuss about nothing.

Using the idiom '无病呻吟' (moaning without being ill).

他在会上发了一通牢骚，引起了大家的不满。

He vented a bout of grumbling at the meeting, causing dissatisfaction among everyone.

Professional context for the action.

不要让发牢骚成为一种职场习惯。

Don't let grumbling become a workplace habit.

Using the phrase as a gerund/noun phrase.

他的牢骚中透着一丝无奈。

There was a hint of helplessness in his grumbling.

Describing the quality/emotion behind the action.

纵使你有万般牢骚，也得按规矩办事。

Even if you have ten thousand grievances, you must act according to the rules.

Using '纵使...也...' (even if... still...).

他这番牢骚，其实是对现状的深刻批判。

This grumbling of his is actually a profound critique of the current situation.

Elevating the 'grumble' to a 'critique' (批判).

与其说是发牢骚，不如说是种心理自救。

Rather than calling it grumbling, it's more like a form of psychological self-rescue.

Structure '与其说是...不如说是...' (rather than... it is more like...).

他那些陈词滥调的牢骚，早已让人听腻了。

People have long been tired of his hackneyed grumbles.

Using the idiom '陈词滥调' (clichés/hackneyed phrases).

他在文字间流露出的牢骚，耐人寻味。

The grievances he revealed between the lines are thought-provoking.

Using '耐人寻味' (thought-provoking/worth reflecting on).

牢骚太盛防肠断，风物长宜放眼量。

Too many grievances can break one's heart; one should take a long-term view of things.

Quoting a famous poem by Mao Zedong.

这种集体性的发牢骚，反映了社会心理的某种焦虑。

This collective grumbling reflects a certain anxiety in social psychology.

Using '集体性的' (collective) and '社会心理' (social psychology).

他试图通过发牢骚来掩盖自己的无能。

He tried to cover up his incompetence by grumbling.

Using '掩盖' (to cover up/mask).

よく使う組み合わせ

向...发牢骚

满腹牢骚

发一顿牢骚

别发牢骚

经常发牢骚

爱发牢骚

无端发牢骚

没完没了地发牢骚

发牢骚也没用

听某人发牢骚

よく使うフレーズ

发发牢骚

— To grumble a little bit. It softens the action and makes it sound less serious.

我也就是发发牢骚，你别介意。

满腔牢骚

— To have a chest full of grievances. Describes deep, intense dissatisfaction.

他满腔牢骚地离开了办公室。

发牢骚大王

— A 'grumbling king.' A nickname for someone who complains constantly.

他可是我们班的发牢骚大王。

一肚子牢骚

— A 'belly full of grumbles.' Similar to 'full of grievances.'

他攒了一肚子的牢骚想说。

牢骚满腹

— Grievances filling the belly. An idiomatic way to describe a disgruntled person.

看他那副牢骚满腹的样子。

发点小牢骚

— To vent some minor grievances.

工作压力大，发点小牢骚很正常。

牢骚话

— Words of complaint; grumbling talk.

别听他那些牢骚话。

发牢骚的习惯

— The habit of grumbling.

他养成了发牢骚的习惯。

停止发牢骚

— To stop grumbling.

请立即停止发牢骚。

公开发牢骚

— To grumble publicly.

在公开场合发牢骚是不礼貌的。

よく混同される語

发牢骚 vs 抱怨

抱怨 is more general and can take a direct object. 发牢骚 is the act of grumbling.

发牢骚 vs 埋怨

埋怨 focuses on blaming a specific person for a problem.

发牢骚 vs 投诉

投诉 is a formal legal or service-related complaint.

慣用句と表現

"怨天尤人"

— To blame the heavens and other people. Describes someone who grumbles about everything except themselves.

失败后不要怨天尤人，要找自己的原因。

Formal

"无病呻吟"

— To moan without being ill. Describes grumbling or complaining without a real cause.

他的那些烦恼大多是无病呻吟。

Formal

"牢骚太盛"

— Too many grievances. Often used to warn someone that complaining too much is harmful.

牢骚太盛防肠断，心态要放平。

Literary

"愤世嫉俗"

— To be cynical and resentful toward the world. A more extreme version of having '牢骚'.

他这种愤世嫉俗的性格让他很难交到朋友。

Formal

"满腹经纶"

— Wait, this is an antonymous idiom! It means to be full of learning. Contrast it with '满腹牢骚'.

他虽然满腹经纶，却总是满腹牢骚。

Literary

"忍气吞声"

— To swallow one's resentment. The opposite of '发牢骚'.

为了保住工作，他只能忍气吞声。

Common

"耿耿于怀"

— To take something to heart and brood over it. The internal state that leads to '发牢骚'.

他对当年的那件小事一直耿耿于怀。

Common

"牢不可破"

— Actually, this '牢' means 'firm'. It means unbreakable. Don't confuse it with '牢骚'.

他们的友谊牢不可破。

Formal

"骚人墨客"

— Poets and literati. The '骚' comes from 'Li Sao', showing the word's high-level origin.

这里自古就是骚人墨客聚集之地。

Literary

"大发雷霆"

— To be in a thundering rage. Much more intense than '发牢骚'.

老板听了汇报后大发雷霆。

Common

間違えやすい

发牢骚 vs 发火 (fāhuǒ)

Both start with '发'.

发火 means to get angry/lose one's temper, which is much more intense than grumbling.

他对我发火了。(He lost his temper with me.)

发牢骚 vs 发生 (fāshēng)

Both start with '发'.

发生 means 'to happen' or 'to occur'.

发生了什么事？(What happened?)

发牢骚 vs 发现 (fāxiàn)

Both start with '发'.

发现 means 'to discover' or 'to find out'.

我发现他爱发牢骚。(I discovered that he loves to grumble.)

发牢骚 vs 牢记 (láojì)

Both start with '牢'.

牢记 means 'to keep firmly in mind'.

请牢记这个教训。(Please keep this lesson firmly in mind.)

发牢骚 vs 骚扰 (sāorǎo)

Both contain '骚'.

骚扰 means 'to harass' or 'to disturb'.

不要骚扰别人。(Don't harass others.)

文型パターン

Subject + 向 + Someone + 发牢骚

他向妈妈发牢骚。

Subject + 为 + Something + 发牢骚

他为天气发牢骚。

Subject + 发了 + [Measure Word] + 牢骚

他发了一顿牢骚。

与其 + 发牢骚 + 不如 + [Action]

与其发牢骚，不如去睡觉。

Subject + 满腹 + 牢骚

他满腹牢骚地坐下了。

Subject + 没完没了地 + 发牢骚

他总是没完没了地发牢骚。

Subject + 发什么牢骚？

你又在发什么牢骚？

Subject + 纵使...也...发牢骚

纵使环境再差，他也不发牢骚。

語族

名詞

牢骚 (láosāo) - grievance; complaint

動詞

发 (fā) - to release; to issue

发泄 (fāxiè) - to vent; to release (emotion)

形容詞

牢骚满腹的 (láosāo mǎnfù de) - disgruntled; full of complaints

使い方

frequency

Very common in spoken Chinese and informal writing.

よくある間違い

Using it as a transitive verb: '他发牢骚他的老板' (He grumbles his boss). → 他向老板发牢骚。(He grumbles to his boss.)
You must use '向' or '跟' to indicate the person.
Saying '发牢骚很久' (Grumble for a long time). → 发了很久的牢骚。(Grumble for a long time.)
Duration should go between the verb and the object.
Using '发牢骚' for formal complaints. → 我要投诉。(I want to complain/file a complaint.)
'发牢骚' is for informal grumbling, not formal procedures.
Confusing '骚' (sāo) with '扫' (sǎo). → 发牢骚 (fā láo sāo).
'sāo' is first tone, 'sǎo' is third tone (to sweep).
Thinking '牢骚' is only for angry people. → It can be for anyone who is just slightly annoyed or frustrated.
It's more about 'venting' than 'exploding'.

ヒント

Separable Verb Rule

Remember that '发牢骚' is a VO (Verb-Object) structure. Put '了', '过', or measure words in the middle: '发了一顿牢骚'.

Synonym Nuance

Use '抱怨' for general complaints and '发牢骚' for grumbling about things that can't be changed.

Social Bonding

In China, '发牢骚' with colleagues can actually help you fit in, as long as you don't do it too much!

Character Tip

The '骚' character is also used in '风骚' (coquettish/literary talent). It's a very versatile character to learn.

Tone Accuracy

Make sure 'fā' is high and flat. If you drop the tone, it sounds like 'fà' (hair) or 'fà' (law).

Context Clues

If you hear someone muttering with a 'fā' sound, they are likely grumbling.

Literary Roots

Knowing the connection to Qu Yuan will impress your Chinese friends and teachers.

Avoid in Formal Complaints

Don't tell a customer service rep you are '发牢骚'. Say you are '投诉' to be taken seriously.

Lao Sao Story

Remember the man 'Lao Sao' who was always in a 'prison' (牢) of his own agitation.

Venting

Think of '发牢骚' as a safety valve for your emotions.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'fā' as 'firing' off a message. 'Láo' sounds like 'loud' and 'sāo' sounds like 'sour'. You are 'firing off loud, sour' complaints!

視覚的連想

Imagine a man sitting in a small 'cage' (牢) looking very 'agitated' (骚) and shouting his complaints out through the bars.

Word Web

发 (Release) 牢 (Prison/Confined) 骚 (Agitated/Poetic Sorrow) 抱怨 (Complain) 吐槽 (Roast) 诉苦 (Vent) 心情 (Mood) 不满 (Dissatisfied)

チャレンジ

Try to go a whole day without '发牢骚'. If you do, write down what you wanted to grumble about using the phrase: '我本来想发牢骚，但是...'

語源

The phrase '发牢骚' combines '发' (to emit/release) with '牢骚'. The word '牢骚' has a fascinating history. '牢' (láo) originally referred to a pen for cattle or a prison, implying something confined or stuck. '骚' (sāo) is famously associated with Qu Yuan's 'Li Sao' (离骚), a masterpiece of ancient Chinese poetry. In that context, '骚' means sorrow, agitation, or the 'disturbed' state of an upright official in a corrupt world.

元の意味： Originally, '牢骚' referred to the deep, melancholic resentment of scholars who were unappreciated or exiled.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese)

文化的な背景

Be careful not to describe a superior's serious criticism as '发牢骚', as it trivializes their words and might cause offense.

English speakers might use 'venting' or 'whining' in similar contexts, though 'grumbling' is the closest literal match.

Mao Zedong's poem: '牢骚太盛防肠断' (Too many grievances break the heart). Qu Yuan's 'Li Sao' (The source of the word '骚'). Common workplace memes about 'working like a dog' and '发牢骚'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At the Office

向同事发牢骚
为加班发牢骚
满腹牢骚的工作者
老板发牢骚

In a Relationship

跟男朋友发牢骚
别对我发牢骚
没完没了的牢骚
听她发牢骚

Public Transport/Traffic

因堵车发牢骚
乘客在发牢骚
发一通牢骚
无用的牢骚

School/University

为作业发牢骚
向室友发牢骚
考前发牢骚
爱发牢骚的学生

Online/Social Media

在网上发牢骚
发牢骚的帖子
满屏的牢骚
发牢骚求安慰

会話のきっかけ

"你最近有没有为什么事情发牢骚？ (Have you been grumbling about anything lately?)"

"你觉得发牢骚能缓解压力吗？ (Do you think grumbling can relieve stress?)"

"当你的朋友向你发牢骚时，你会怎么做？ (What do you do when a friend grumbles to you?)"

"你最讨厌听到别人发什么样的牢骚？ (What kind of grumbling do you hate hearing the most?)"

"你认为爱发牢骚是一个坏习惯吗？ (Do you think loving to grumble is a bad habit?)"

日記のテーマ

写一写你今天想发牢骚的三件事，然后想一想怎么解决它们。 (Write about three things you wanted to grumble about today, then think about how to solve them.)

描述一个你认识的爱发牢骚的人。 (Describe someone you know who loves to grumble.)

发牢骚和正式投诉有什么区别？谈谈你的看法。 (What is the difference between grumbling and a formal complaint? Talk about your views.)

你觉得在社交媒体上发牢骚好吗？为什么？ (Do you think it's good to grumble on social media? Why?)

如果这世界没有人发牢骚，会变成什么样？ (If no one in the world grumbled, what would it become?)

よくある質問

10 問

Mostly, yes. It implies that the person is complaining in a way that isn't very helpful. However, among friends, it can be a neutral way to describe 'venting' or 'sharing frustrations'. For example, '我就是想发发牢骚' (I just want to vent a bit) sounds quite harmless.

Yes, you can. It's often used self-deprecatingly. '我又在发牢骚了，别理我' (I'm grumbling again, ignore me). This shows you are aware that you are being a bit annoying.

'发牢骚' is more traditional and sounds like 'grumbling.' '吐槽' is modern, often witty or sarcastic, and is very popular on the internet. You '吐槽' a bad movie, but you '发牢骚' about your low salary.

You can say '别发牢骚了' (Stop grumbling) which is okay among friends. For a more polite version, you could say '咱们还是多看看积极的一面吧' (Let's look at the positive side more).

Yes! You can say '满腹牢骚' (full of grievances) or '消一消牢骚' (to get rid of grievances). In these cases, '牢骚' is the noun meaning 'the grievance itself'.

Rarely. In formal reports, you would use '表达不满' (express dissatisfaction) or '反映问题' (report problems). '发牢骚' is too colloquial for a business report.

Yes, but they might not know the character '骚'. They usually just say '抱怨' or '不开心'. Adults use '发牢骚' to describe children's whining.

Generally, yes. '发' implies an outward release. If you are just unhappy in your head, you are '郁闷' (yùmèn - depressed/gloomy), not '发牢骚'.

'一通' (yì tòng) is a measure word for a bout of activity, often verbal. '发一通牢骚' sounds like the person went on a long, continuous rant.

You can, but it might make the serious thing sound less serious. If you are '发牢骚' about a human rights violation, it sounds inappropriate. Use '抗议' (kàngyì - protest) instead.

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