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A1 pronoun ニュートラル #50 よく出る 2分で読める

这里

zhèlǐ /t͡ʂɤ˥˧ li/
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Overview

‘这里’ (zhèlǐ) is a fundamental demonstrative pronoun in Mandarin Chinese, used to indicate location, specifically 'here' or 'this place'. It is an essential component for spatial orientation and is widely used in everyday conversation.

Structure and Usage:

  1. 1Basic Location: The most common use of ‘这里’ is to simply point out a location. It can stand alone or be part of a prepositional phrase.
  • Example: ‘这里是我的家。’ (Zhèlǐ shì wǒ de jiā.) - 'This is my home.'
  • Example: ‘你在这里等我。’ (Nǐ zài zhèlǐ děng wǒ.) - 'You wait for me here.'
  1. 1Contrast with ‘那里’ (nàlǐ - there): ‘这里’ often appears in contrast with ‘那里’ (nàlǐ), which means 'there'. This pair helps in distinguishing between proximity and distance.
  • Example: ‘这里很冷，那里很热。’ (Zhèlǐ hěn lěng, nàlǐ hěn rè.) - 'It's very cold here, very hot there.'
  1. 1Implied Location/Context: Sometimes, ‘这里’ can refer to a more abstract 'here', like 'in this situation' or 'at this point'.
  • Example: ‘到这里，我们就完成了。’ (Dào zhèlǐ, wǒmen jiù wánchéng le.) - 'Up to here, we are finished.' (Meaning, 'at this point in the task/process')
  1. 1Reduplication for Emphasis (less common but possible): While not as common as with some other demonstratives, reduplication like ‘这里这里’ can sometimes be used for emphasis or to indicate 'all over here', though this is quite informal and specific.
  1. 1Placement in Sentences: ‘这里’ can typically be found at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the location, or after a preposition like ‘在’ (zài - at/in) to specify where an action is taking place.

Cultural and Conversational Nuances:

  • Politeness: When giving directions, using ‘这里’ directly is perfectly polite. There aren't many specific politeness markers directly tied to ‘这里’ itself, beyond general conversational etiquette.
  • Gesture: In many cases, when someone says ‘这里’, they will often accompany it with a gesture, pointing to the specific location they are referring to, which enhances clarity.

Common Phrases:

  • ‘这里有人吗？’ (Zhèlǐ yǒu rén ma?) - 'Is anyone here?'
  • ‘请坐这里。’ (Qǐng zuò zhèlǐ.) - 'Please sit here.'
  • ‘我住在这里。’ (Wǒ zhù zài zhèlǐ.) - 'I live here.'

Understanding ‘这里’ is crucial for building foundational Chinese communication skills, enabling learners to describe their surroundings and interact spatially with others.

例文

1

这里是上海。

Introducing a location.

This is Shanghai.

2

你坐这里。

Giving a direction for seating.

You sit here.

3

我们在这里等你。

Stating a waiting location.

We'll wait for you here.

4

这里很安静。

Describing the environment of a place.

It's very quiet here.

5

这里有很多书。

Indicating the presence of objects in a location.

There are many books here.

よく混同される語

这里 対 那裡
often confused in terms of location, '那裡' means 'there'

文法パターン

這裡 + Verb/Adjective: indicating something is happening or a state exists in this location. E.g., 這裡很熱 (It's very hot here). 在 + 這裡: used to specify the location of an action or object. E.g., 我在這裡等你 (I'm waiting for you here). 從 + 這裡 + 到 + Place: indicating movement from this location to another. E.g., 從這裡到學校很近 (From here to school is very close).

使い方

使い方のコツ

'这里' (zhèlǐ) is a demonstrative pronoun indicating proximity, meaning 'here' or 'this place'. It is commonly used in both spoken and written Chinese. The '里' (lǐ) character often functions as a locative suffix. '这里' can be used independently as a noun phrase or as part of a longer sentence structure. For example, '这里很漂亮' (zhèlǐ hěn piàoliang) means 'It's very beautiful here.' It can also be used after prepositions, such as '在 这里' (zài zhèlǐ, 'at here' or 'here'). While '这里' is standard, in some regional dialects, particularly in southern China, '这儿' (zhèr) is often used interchangeably with '这里', especially in spoken language. Both are grammatically correct and widely understood, with '这里' perhaps being slightly more formal or universally recognized across different dialectal regions. When referring to a specific point or object very close to the speaker, one might also use '这儿' to emphasize that precise proximity.

よくある間違い

Confusing 这里 (zhè lǐ) with 这儿 (zhèr), which also means 'here' but is more informal and often used in Northern China. While often interchangeable, 这里 is generally more formal and widely understood.

ヒント

💡

Word Use

'这里' (zhèlǐ) means 'here.' It's a versatile word used to indicate location in a general sense. You can use it to refer to a specific spot, a building, a city, or even a broader area. For example, '这里是我的家' (Zhèlǐ shì wǒ de jiā) means 'This is my home here.'
💡

Common Mistakes

A common mistake is confusing '这里' (zhèlǐ) with '那儿' (nà'er), which means 'there.' Remember, '这' (zhè) indicates proximity (this), while '那' (nè) indicates distance (that). Another error is using '这里' with verbs that already imply location, like '在' (zài - to be at). For instance, instead of '我在这里在' (Wǒ zài zhèlǐ zài), simply say '我在这里' (Wǒ zài zhèlǐ - I am here).
💡

Advanced Usage

Beyond simply indicating location, '这里' can also be used to refer to a particular point in a text, a conversation, or a process. For example, '我们在这里讨论一下' (Wǒmen zài zhèlǐ tǎolùn yīxià) means 'Let's discuss it here (at this point in the conversation).' It can also be used metaphorically, such as '这里面有问题' (Zhèlǐmiàn yǒu wèntí), meaning 'There's a problem here (within this situation/issue).'

文化的な背景

The word '这里' (zhèlǐ) in Chinese directly translates to 'here'. Its cultural context is generally straightforward, referring to a specific physical location where the speaker is or is indicating. Unlike some other words that carry deep historical or philosophical weight, '这里' is primarily a functional word for spatial reference. However, its usage can sometimes be imbued with a sense of belonging or immediacy, especially when used in expressions like '我们这里' (wǒmen zhèlǐ, 'our place' or 'here where we are'), which can subtly imply a shared local identity or a collective presence. In more poetic or emotional contexts, '这里' can refer to a metaphorical 'here' – a state of being, a current situation, or even the present moment, though this is less common than its literal spatial meaning. It doesn't carry significant taboos or specific cultural etiquette implications beyond general politeness in communication.

覚え方のコツ

Visualize 'zhè' (this) pointing to a 'lǐ' (inside) place, meaning 'here'.

よくある質問

4 問
'这里' (zhèlǐ) is a fundamental Chinese word that primarily means 'here'. It is a demonstrative pronoun indicating proximity to the speaker. It's used to point out a location that is close at hand or to refer to the current place where the speaker is. For example, in the sentence '我在这里' (Wǒ zài zhèlǐ), it means 'I am here'.
'这里' can be used in various sentence structures. It often appears after verbs like '在' (zài, to be at/in) or '来' (lái, to come), and can also function as the subject or object of a sentence. For instance, '请坐这里' (Qǐng zuò zhèlǐ) means 'Please sit here'. Another example is '这里很漂亮' (Zhèlǐ hěn piàoliang), which translates to 'It's very beautiful here'.
Yes, '这里' has a few related terms. '这儿' (zhèr) is a common synonym, especially in spoken Mandarin, and also means 'here'. The difference is often regional or stylistic, with '这儿' being more colloquial. Other related words include '那里' (nàlǐ, there) and '哪儿' (nǎr, where), which follow the same pattern for indicating location but at different distances or as a question.
While '这里' itself isn't typically part of many fixed idiomatic expressions in the same way some other words are, it's a very versatile word used in many common phrases to denote location. For instance, '从这里开始' (cóng zhèlǐ kāishǐ) means 'start from here', and '这里是我的家' (zhèlǐ shì wǒ de jiā) means 'this is my home'. Its usage is generally quite literal and direct, focusing on spatial reference.

自分をテスト

fill blank

我们住在___。

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
fill blank

请把书放在___。

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
fill blank

___有很多好吃的饭馆。

正解！ おしい！ 正解:

スコア： /3

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