A1 · 초급 챕터 15

Talking About Your Things

4 총 규칙
43 예문
5 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of claiming your world in German with possessive pronouns.

  • Identify the correct possessive pronoun for different owners.
  • Match pronouns to the gender of the object owned.
  • Apply the accusative case ending for masculine direct objects.
Claim your world: learn to say what is yours!

배울 내용

Hey there, language champion! Ready to get one step closer to mastering German? In this chapter, we're going to learn an incredibly practical skill: how to say something is mine, yours, or his/hers. How often do you want to talk about your belongings, like

This is my phone
or "That's her coffee"? This chapter is exactly for that! We'll learn how to make mein (my) act like a chameleon, matching the gender and case of the noun it describes. Don't worry, it's easier than you think! Then we'll move on to dein (your), perfect for chatting with friends and family, and see how it changes just like mein. Next up, we'll tackle sein (his) and ihr (her), understanding how they connect to both the owner and the gender of the item being owned. And here's a cool little detail: when a masculine noun is the direct object in a sentence, we add a small -en to mein – it's super neat! By the time you finish this chapter, you'll confidently be able to say things like
This is my car,
"That's your bag, or This is his book." Nothing will stop you from talking about all your things in German and making the world your own! Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: describe items using mein, dein, sein, and ihr.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: correctly use the accusative suffix -en for masculine objects.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome, future German speakers, to a vital chapter in your A1 German grammar journey! You're about to unlock the power of possession – a fundamental skill for everyday communication. Understanding how to say my, your, and his/her in German is absolutely essential for building confidence and interacting naturally.
This chapter focuses on the building blocks of German grammar for beginners, ensuring you can express ownership clearly and accurately. By mastering these possessive pronouns, you'll be able to talk about your belongings, identify others' items, and engage in simple conversations about the things around you. It’s a crucial step towards fluency and a key component of the CEFR A1 level.
This section will introduce you to the core possessive pronouns: mein (my), dein (your – informal), sein (his), and ihr (her). You'll learn that these words aren't static; they change their endings to agree with the noun they describe in terms of gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) and case (nominative and accusative, which we'll focus on here). Don't be intimidated by the idea of changing endings!
We'll break it down step-by-step, making it manageable and even fun. Think of it like dressing up a noun – the possessive pronoun is the outfit, and it needs to fit perfectly!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter dives into the wonderful world of German possessive pronouns, starting with the most personal one: mein (my). The core concept is that mein (and its counterparts) must agree with the noun it modifies. This agreement happens in two main ways: gender and case.
For example, my book is mein Buch (neuter, nominative), but my car is mein Auto (neuter, nominative), and my pen is mein Stift (masculine, nominative). Notice how mein stays the same in these nominative examples.
Things get a little more interesting when we talk about ownership in the accusative case, especially with masculine nouns. This is where the
My, My, My! Possessives in the Accusative Case
 rule comes into play.
When a masculine noun is the direct object of a sentence, the possessive pronoun takes an -en ending. So,
I have my book
is
Ich habe mein Buch
(nominative, unaffected), but
I see my pen
becomes
Ich sehe meinen Stift
(accusative, masculine). This is a key takeaway for A1 German grammar.
We’ll also explore dein (your – informal), which works exactly like mein, and sein (his) and ihr (her), which also follow these gender and case rules. For example, his book is sein Buch, and her book is ihr Buch.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Das ist mein Tasche.
✓ Correct:
Das ist meine Tasche.
*Explanation:* The noun Tasche (bag) is feminine. Possessive pronouns like mein must agree with the gender of the noun. For feminine nouns in the nominative case, the ending for mein is -e.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Ich sehe mein Auto.
✓ Correct:
Ich sehe mein Auto.
*Explanation:* While Auto (car) is neuter, and mein doesn't change in the nominative, the sentence
Ich sehe mein Auto
is actually correct! The mistake would be changing it unnecessarily. The rule about adding -en to mein only applies to masculine nouns in the accusative case.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Das ist sein Buch.
✓ Correct:
Das ist sein Buch.
*Explanation:* This is another example where the basic form is correct. The error would be trying to add an ending where it's not needed for neuter nouns in the nominative case. Sein (his) remains sein before a neuter noun like Buch (book) in the nominative.

Real Conversations

A

A

Hallo! Ist das dein Handy? (Hello! Is that your phone?)
B

B

Ja, das ist mein Handy! Und das ist dein Rucksack? (Yes, that's my phone! And is that your backpack?)
A

A

Entschuldigung, ist das sein Buch? (Excuse me, is that his book?)
B

B

Nein, das ist nicht sein Buch. Das ist mein Buch. (No, that's not his book. That's my book.)
A

A

Wo ist deine Tasche? (Where is your bag?)
B

B

Meine Tasche ist hier. Und wo ist deine Jacke? (My bag is here. And where is your jacket?)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the difference between mein and meine in A1 German grammar?

Mein is used before masculine and neuter nouns in the nominative case. Meine is used before feminine and plural nouns in the nominative case.

Q

How do I say your in German for a friend?

You use the informal possessive pronoun dein. Like mein, it changes its ending to match the noun's gender and case.

Q

When do I add -en to mein in German?

You add -en to mein (making it meinen) when it precedes a masculine noun that is in the accusative case (acting as the direct object of the verb).

Q

What are the possessive pronouns for his and her in German?

For his, you use sein. For her, you use ihr. Both follow the same rules of gender and case agreement as mein and dein.

Cultural Context

In Germany, using possessive pronouns like mein and dein is very common and natural in everyday conversation, whether you’re talking about your keys or your favorite coffee mug. There aren't significant regional differences in the use of these basic possessives at the A1 German grammar level. Germans are generally direct when it comes to ownership, so clearly stating This is my... is perfectly normal.

주요 예문 (8)

1

Das ist mein {der|m} Hund.

저건 내 강아지야.

독일어 소유격: 나의 (mein)
2

Meine {die|f} Mutter kommt heute.

우리 엄마 오늘 와.

독일어 소유격: 나의 (mein)
3

Ist das dein Hund?

이게 네 강아지니?

친근한 '너의' (dein)
4

Wo ist deine Mutter?

네 엄마 어디 계셔?

친근한 '너의' (dein)
5

Lukas sucht sein Handy.

루카스는 그의 휴대폰을 찾고 있어요.

독일어 소유 한정사: 그의/그녀의 (sein/ihr)
6

Sarah liebt ihre neue Tasche.

사라는 그녀의 새 가방을 정말 좋아해요.

독일어 소유 한정사: 그의/그녀의 (sein/ihr)
7

Ich besuche **meinen** Opa.

저는 제 할아버지를 방문해요.

나의, 너의, 그의! 대격 소유 대명사 (mein, meine, meinen)
8

Hast du **meine** Nachricht gelesen?

내 메시지 읽었어?

나의, 너의, 그의! 대격 소유 대명사 (mein, meine, meinen)

팁과 요령 (4)

🎯

여러 개 말할 때 꿀팁!

여러 개(복수)인 명사 앞에는 항상 'meine'를 써요. 마치 여자 명사처럼 '-e'를 붙이는 거죠! 기억하세요, 하나 이상이면 무조건 '-e' 추가!
Das sind meine Kinder.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 독일어 소유격: 나의 (mein)
🎯

관사 일치 비법

명사의 관사가 'der'나 'das'면 'dein'은 보통 끝이 안 바뀌어요. 'die'면 '-e'를 붙여주세요.
Ist das dein Auto?
,
Das ist deine Tasche.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 친근한 '너의' (dein)
💡

명사가 제일 중요해요!

소유격 뒤에 오는 명사를 보고 '-e'를 붙일지 말지 결정해야 해요. 누가 가졌는지는 's'로 시작할지 'i'로 시작할지만 알려줘요. 예를 들어: seine Tasche (그의 가방).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 독일어 소유 한정사: 그의/그녀의 (sein/ihr)
💡

-en 규칙

독일어에서 'der'를 쓰는 남자 명사가 오면, 'mein'은 meinen으로 바뀌는구나 하고 바로 떠올려보세요. 'der Mann'을 만나면 meinen Mann처럼요!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 나의, 너의, 그의! 대격 소유 대명사 (mein, meine, meinen)

핵심 어휘 (5)

das Auto the car die Tasche the bag das Buch the book der Stift the pen haben to have

Real-World Preview

briefcase

At the Office

Review Summary

  • mein/dein + noun
  • meinen/deinen/seinen/ihren + masc noun

자주 하는 실수

Stift is masculine and the direct object here, so it needs the -en ending.

Wrong: Ich habe mein Stift.
정답: Ich habe meinen Stift.

Tasche is feminine, requiring the -e ending for possessives.

Wrong: Das ist mein Tasche.
정답: Das ist meine Tasche.

Auto is neuter, so 'ihr' does not need an extra -e.

Wrong: Das ist ihre Auto.
정답: Das ist ihr Auto.

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job navigating these grammar rules! Keep practicing and you'll be speaking German naturally in no time.

Label items in your room with sticky notes using German possessives.

Continue to: Connecting Ideas and Actions

빠른 연습 (10)

어떤 문장이 맞을까요? (주인: Maria, 명사: {die|f} Schwester)

'마리아는 그녀의 여동생에게 전화한다'를 올바르게 말한 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Maria ruft ihre Schwester an.
주인은 마리아(ihr)이고, 명사는 여동생(여자)이므로 -e를 붙여 'ihre'가 되어야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 독일어 소유 한정사: 그의/그녀의 (sein/ihr)

틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요

Find and fix the mistake:

Lukas liebt sein Freundin.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Lukas liebt seine Freundin.
루카스는 주인(sein)이지만, 여자친구(Freundin)는 여자 명사이므로 'seine'가 되어야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 독일어 소유 한정사: 그의/그녀의 (sein/ihr)

틀린 부분을 찾고 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Ich habe mein Laptop {der|m} verloren.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich habe meinen Laptop verloren.
노트북(Laptop)은 남자 명사예요. 4격(직접 목적어)에서는 'mein'이 'meinen'으로 바뀌어야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 나의, 너의, 그의! 대격 소유 대명사 (mein, meine, meinen)

올바른 문장을 고르세요.

친구에게 열쇠들(복수)에 대해 묻고 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Wo sind deine Schlüssel?
'Schlüssel'은 여기서는 복수형이고 ('sind'로 알 수 있어요), 복수 명사는 주격에서 'deine'를 취해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 친근한 '너의' (dein)

빈칸을 채워보세요 (주인: Thomas, 명사: {der|m} Bruder)

Thomas besucht ___ Bruder.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sein
Thomas는 남자(sein)이고, 형제(Bruder)는 남자 명사이므로 어미가 필요 없어요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 독일어 소유 한정사: 그의/그녀의 (sein/ihr)

빈칸에 'mein'의 올바른 형태를 채워 넣으세요.

Das ist ___ {der|m} Vater.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mein
'Vater'는 남자 명사이면서 문장의 주어(주격)이기 때문에 'mein'을 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 독일어 소유격: 나의 (mein)

올바른 문장을 고르세요.

Select the correct sentence for 'I see my cat {die|f}':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich sehe meine Katze.
고양이(Katze)는 여자 명사이므로 4격에서도 'meine'를 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 나의, 너의, 그의! 대격 소유 대명사 (mein, meine, meinen)

'dein'의 올바른 형태로 빈칸을 채우세요.

Ist das ___ {der|m} Laptop?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dein
'Laptop'은 남성 명사이고 주어(주격)이므로, 기본형 'dein'을 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 친근한 '너의' (dein)

실수를 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Ich sehe dein Hund.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich sehe deinen Hund.
'Hund'는 남성 명사이고 직접 목적어(목적격)예요. 남성 목적격 명사에는 '-en' 어미가 필요해요: 'deinen'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 친근한 '너의' (dein)

알맞은 'mein' 형태로 채우세요.

Ich suche ___ Schlüssel {der|m}.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: meinen
열쇠(Schlüssel)는 남자 명사이고 직접 목적어이므로 'meinen'이 필요해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 나의, 너의, 그의! 대격 소유 대명사 (mein, meine, meinen)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

아니요, 전혀요! 'mein'은 말하는 사람의 성별이 아니라, '내 것'이라고 말하는 물건의 성별에 따라 바뀌어요. 남자든 여자든 똑같이 meine Mutter라고 말한답니다.
'meine'는 뒤에 오는 명사가 여자 명사일 때 (예: 'Mutter')나 여러 개(복수)일 때 (예: 'Eltern') 사용해요. 'die'라는 관사처럼 '-e'를 붙여주는 거죠.
성별에 따라 달라져요! 남성 명사 {der|m}와 중성 명사 {das|n} 앞에는 'dein'을, 여성 명사 {die|f}와 복수 명사 앞에는 'deine'를 써요.
보통은 안 돼요. 독일에서는 학생들이 선생님께 존칭 'Ihr'를 사용해요. 아주 어리거나 선생님이 먼저 편하게 말하자고 할 때만 'Du'를 쓸 수 있어요.
집(Haus)은 중성 명사라서 'sein'은 '그것의'라는 뜻이에요. 예를 들어,
Das Haus und sein Garten
(그 집과 그것의 정원).
'그녀의'나 '그들의'일 때는 소문자지만, 존칭 '당신의'일 때는 대문자 'Ihr'를 써요. 하지만 문장 맨 앞에 오면 항상 대문자예요!
이전 챕터
Who is Who? Introducing People
다음 챕터
Connecting Ideas and Actions
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