A1 · 入门 章节 15

Talking About Your Things

4 总规则
43 例句
5 分钟
本章规则 快速练习

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of claiming your world in German with possessive pronouns.

  • Identify the correct possessive pronoun for different owners.
  • Match pronouns to the gender of the object owned.
  • Apply the accusative case ending for masculine direct objects.
Claim your world: learn to say what is yours!

你将学到什么

Hey there, language champion! Ready to get one step closer to mastering German? In this chapter, we're going to learn an incredibly practical skill: how to say something is mine, yours, or his/hers. How often do you want to talk about your belongings, like

This is my phone
or "That's her coffee"? This chapter is exactly for that! We'll learn how to make mein (my) act like a chameleon, matching the gender and case of the noun it describes. Don't worry, it's easier than you think! Then we'll move on to dein (your), perfect for chatting with friends and family, and see how it changes just like mein. Next up, we'll tackle sein (his) and ihr (her), understanding how they connect to both the owner and the gender of the item being owned. And here's a cool little detail: when a masculine noun is the direct object in a sentence, we add a small -en to mein – it's super neat! By the time you finish this chapter, you'll confidently be able to say things like
This is my car,
"That's your bag, or This is his book." Nothing will stop you from talking about all your things in German and making the world your own! Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: describe items using mein, dein, sein, and ihr.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: correctly use the accusative suffix -en for masculine objects.

章节指南

Overview

Welcome, future German speakers, to a vital chapter in your A1 German grammar journey! You're about to unlock the power of possession – a fundamental skill for everyday communication. Understanding how to say my, your, and his/her in German is absolutely essential for building confidence and interacting naturally.
This chapter focuses on the building blocks of German grammar for beginners, ensuring you can express ownership clearly and accurately. By mastering these possessive pronouns, you'll be able to talk about your belongings, identify others' items, and engage in simple conversations about the things around you. It’s a crucial step towards fluency and a key component of the CEFR A1 level.
This section will introduce you to the core possessive pronouns: mein (my), dein (your – informal), sein (his), and ihr (her). You'll learn that these words aren't static; they change their endings to agree with the noun they describe in terms of gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) and case (nominative and accusative, which we'll focus on here). Don't be intimidated by the idea of changing endings!
We'll break it down step-by-step, making it manageable and even fun. Think of it like dressing up a noun – the possessive pronoun is the outfit, and it needs to fit perfectly!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter dives into the wonderful world of German possessive pronouns, starting with the most personal one: mein (my). The core concept is that mein (and its counterparts) must agree with the noun it modifies. This agreement happens in two main ways: gender and case.
For example, my book is mein Buch (neuter, nominative), but my car is mein Auto (neuter, nominative), and my pen is mein Stift (masculine, nominative). Notice how mein stays the same in these nominative examples.
Things get a little more interesting when we talk about ownership in the accusative case, especially with masculine nouns. This is where the
My, My, My! Possessives in the Accusative Case
 rule comes into play.
When a masculine noun is the direct object of a sentence, the possessive pronoun takes an -en ending. So,
I have my book
is
Ich habe mein Buch
(nominative, unaffected), but
I see my pen
becomes
Ich sehe meinen Stift
(accusative, masculine). This is a key takeaway for A1 German grammar.
We’ll also explore dein (your – informal), which works exactly like mein, and sein (his) and ihr (her), which also follow these gender and case rules. For example, his book is sein Buch, and her book is ihr Buch.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Das ist mein Tasche.
✓ Correct:
Das ist meine Tasche.
*Explanation:* The noun Tasche (bag) is feminine. Possessive pronouns like mein must agree with the gender of the noun. For feminine nouns in the nominative case, the ending for mein is -e.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Ich sehe mein Auto.
✓ Correct:
Ich sehe mein Auto.
*Explanation:* While Auto (car) is neuter, and mein doesn't change in the nominative, the sentence
Ich sehe mein Auto
is actually correct! The mistake would be changing it unnecessarily. The rule about adding -en to mein only applies to masculine nouns in the accusative case.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Das ist sein Buch.
✓ Correct:
Das ist sein Buch.
*Explanation:* This is another example where the basic form is correct. The error would be trying to add an ending where it's not needed for neuter nouns in the nominative case. Sein (his) remains sein before a neuter noun like Buch (book) in the nominative.

Real Conversations

A

A

Hallo! Ist das dein Handy? (Hello! Is that your phone?)
B

B

Ja, das ist mein Handy! Und das ist dein Rucksack? (Yes, that's my phone! And is that your backpack?)
A

A

Entschuldigung, ist das sein Buch? (Excuse me, is that his book?)
B

B

Nein, das ist nicht sein Buch. Das ist mein Buch. (No, that's not his book. That's my book.)
A

A

Wo ist deine Tasche? (Where is your bag?)
B

B

Meine Tasche ist hier. Und wo ist deine Jacke? (My bag is here. And where is your jacket?)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the difference between mein and meine in A1 German grammar?

Mein is used before masculine and neuter nouns in the nominative case. Meine is used before feminine and plural nouns in the nominative case.

Q

How do I say your in German for a friend?

You use the informal possessive pronoun dein. Like mein, it changes its ending to match the noun's gender and case.

Q

When do I add -en to mein in German?

You add -en to mein (making it meinen) when it precedes a masculine noun that is in the accusative case (acting as the direct object of the verb).

Q

What are the possessive pronouns for his and her in German?

For his, you use sein. For her, you use ihr. Both follow the same rules of gender and case agreement as mein and dein.

Cultural Context

In Germany, using possessive pronouns like mein and dein is very common and natural in everyday conversation, whether you’re talking about your keys or your favorite coffee mug. There aren't significant regional differences in the use of these basic possessives at the A1 German grammar level. Germans are generally direct when it comes to ownership, so clearly stating This is my... is perfectly normal.

关键例句 (8)

1

Das ist mein {der|m} Hund.

那是我的狗。

德语物主代词：我的 (mein)
2

Meine {die|f} Mutter kommt heute.

我妈妈今天来。

德语物主代词：我的 (mein)
3

Ist das dein Hund?

这是你的狗吗？

非正式的“你的” (dein)
4

Wo ist deine Mutter?

你妈妈在哪里？

非正式的“你的” (dein)
5

Lukas sucht sein Handy.

卢卡斯在找他的手机。

德语物主代词：他的/她的 (sein/ihr)
6

Sarah liebt ihre neue Tasche.

莎拉喜欢她的新包。

德语物主代词：他的/她的 (sein/ihr)
7

Ich besuche **meinen** Opa.

我探望我的爷爷。

我的、你的、他的！宾格中的物主代词 (mein, meine, meinen)
8

Hast du **meine** Nachricht gelesen?

你读了我的消息了吗？

我的、你的、他的！宾格中的物主代词 (mein, meine, meinen)

技巧与窍门 (4)

🎯

复数小窍门

只要后面跟着的是两个以上的东西，末尾通通加个 e 就对啦：meine Freunde。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 德语物主代词：我的 (mein)
🎯

“冠词匹配”小窍门

如果冠词是 der 或 das，那么 dein 在主格时通常没有词尾。但如果冠词是 die，就要加上 «-e»。
Das ist dein Auto, aber das ist deine Tasche.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 非正式的“你的” (dein)
💡

名词说了算

总是看所有格代词后面的那个词（名词）来决定是否需要加“-e”。主人是谁只决定你是用 's' 开头还是 'i' 开头。
Ich mag sein Auto, aber ihre Katze ist süß.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 德语物主代词：他的/她的 (sein/ihr)
💡

-en规则

记住：宾格只改变阳性名词。如果你知道单词是der，你就知道需要用meinen。
Ich kaufe meinen Computer.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 我的、你的、他的！宾格中的物主代词 (mein, meine, meinen)

核心词汇 (5)

das Auto the car die Tasche the bag das Buch the book der Stift the pen haben to have

Real-World Preview

briefcase

At the Office

Review Summary

  • mein/dein + noun
  • meinen/deinen/seinen/ihren + masc noun

常见错误

Stift is masculine and the direct object here, so it needs the -en ending.

Wrong: Ich habe mein Stift.
正确: Ich habe meinen Stift.

Tasche is feminine, requiring the -e ending for possessives.

Wrong: Das ist mein Tasche.
正确: Das ist meine Tasche.

Auto is neuter, so 'ihr' does not need an extra -e.

Wrong: Das ist ihre Auto.
正确: Das ist ihr Auto.

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job navigating these grammar rules! Keep practicing and you'll be speaking German naturally in no time.

Label items in your room with sticky notes using German possessives.

Continue to: Connecting Ideas and Actions

快速练习 (10)

填入'mein'的正确形式

Ich suche ___ Schlüssel {der|m}.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: meinen
Schlüssel是阳性名词，并且是直接宾语，所以需要用'meinen'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 我的、你的、他的！宾格中的物主代词 (mein, meine, meinen)

找出并改正错误

Find and fix the mistake:

Lukas liebt sein Freundin.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Lukas liebt seine Freundin.
Lukas是主人（sein），但Freundin是阴性名词，所以必须是 'seine'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 德语物主代词：他的/她的 (sein/ihr)

填空 (主人: Thomas, 名词: {der|m} Bruder)

Thomas besucht ___ Bruder.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sein
Thomas是男性（sein），Bruder是阳性名词，所以不需要词尾。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 德语物主代词：他的/她的 (sein/ihr)

哪个句子是正确的？ (主人: Maria, 名词: {die|f} Schwester)

选择正确的表达“玛丽亚给她姐姐打电话”：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Maria ruft ihre Schwester an.
主人是Maria（ihr），名词是Schwester（阴性），所以我们必须加“-e”变成 'ihre'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 德语物主代词：他的/她的 (sein/ihr)

在空格处填入正确形式的 'mein'。

Das ist ___ {der|m} Vater.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mein
Vater 是阳性词且是句子的主语，所以用 mein。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 德语物主代词：我的 (mein)

找出并改正错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

Ich sehe dein Hund.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich sehe deinen Hund.
'Hund' 是阳性名词，这里作直接宾语（宾格）。阳性名词在宾格时需要加 '-en' 词尾：'deinen'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 非正式的“你的” (dein)

哪个句子是正确的？

选择表达“我的姐姐在这里”的正确句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Meine Schwester ist hier.
Schwester 是女性词，必须加 -e 结尾变成 meine。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 德语物主代词：我的 (mein)

哪个句子是正确的？

Select the correct sentence for 'I see my cat {die|f}':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich sehe meine Katze.
Katze是阴性名词，所以在宾格中使用'meine'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 我的、你的、他的！宾格中的物主代词 (mein, meine, meinen)

哪句话是正确的？

You are asking a friend about their keys (plural).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Wo sind deine Schlüssel?
这里 'Schlüssel' 是复数（由 'sind' 指示），复数名词在主格时用 'deine'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 非正式的“你的” (dein)

填入正确形式的 'dein'。

Ist das ___ {der|m} Laptop?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dein
'Laptop' 是阳性名词，这里作主语（主格），所以用基本形式 'dein'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 非正式的“你的” (dein)

Score: /10

常见问题 (6)

不会！无论你是男生还是女生，说“我的妈妈”都用 meine Mutter。
当后面的词是女性（如 Mutter）或复数（如 Eltern）时使用。
关键在于名词的性别！'dein' 用于阳性 {der|m} 和中性 {das|n} 名词，而 'deine' 用于阴性 {die|f} 和复数名词。
Ist das dein Buch?
和
Ist das deine Tasche?
通常不行。在德国，学生对老师用正式的 Ihr（您的），除非老师很年轻或明确允许使用非正式的 Du（你）。
Frau Müller, ist das Ihr Stift?
如果你在谈论 {das|n} Haus (房子)，“sein”表示“它的”。例如：
Das Haus und sein Garten
（房子和它的花园）。
在表示“她的”和“他们的”时是小写，但表示正式的“您的”时，Ihr 是大写的。不过，在句首时，它总是大写的！
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