A1 · 初級 チャプター 15

Talking About Your Things

4 トータルルール
43 例文
5

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of claiming your world in German with possessive pronouns.

  • Identify the correct possessive pronoun for different owners.
  • Match pronouns to the gender of the object owned.
  • Apply the accusative case ending for masculine direct objects.
Claim your world: learn to say what is yours!

学べること

Hey there, language champion! Ready to get one step closer to mastering German? In this chapter, we're going to learn an incredibly practical skill: how to say something is mine, yours, or his/hers. How often do you want to talk about your belongings, like

This is my phone
or "That's her coffee"? This chapter is exactly for that! We'll learn how to make mein (my) act like a chameleon, matching the gender and case of the noun it describes. Don't worry, it's easier than you think! Then we'll move on to dein (your), perfect for chatting with friends and family, and see how it changes just like mein. Next up, we'll tackle sein (his) and ihr (her), understanding how they connect to both the owner and the gender of the item being owned. And here's a cool little detail: when a masculine noun is the direct object in a sentence, we add a small -en to mein – it's super neat! By the time you finish this chapter, you'll confidently be able to say things like
This is my car,
"That's your bag, or This is his book." Nothing will stop you from talking about all your things in German and making the world your own! Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: describe items using mein, dein, sein, and ihr.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: correctly use the accusative suffix -en for masculine objects.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome, future German speakers, to a vital chapter in your A1 German grammar journey! You're about to unlock the power of possession – a fundamental skill for everyday communication. Understanding how to say my, your, and his/her in German is absolutely essential for building confidence and interacting naturally.
This chapter focuses on the building blocks of German grammar for beginners, ensuring you can express ownership clearly and accurately. By mastering these possessive pronouns, you'll be able to talk about your belongings, identify others' items, and engage in simple conversations about the things around you. It’s a crucial step towards fluency and a key component of the CEFR A1 level.
This section will introduce you to the core possessive pronouns: mein (my), dein (your – informal), sein (his), and ihr (her). You'll learn that these words aren't static; they change their endings to agree with the noun they describe in terms of gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) and case (nominative and accusative, which we'll focus on here). Don't be intimidated by the idea of changing endings!
We'll break it down step-by-step, making it manageable and even fun. Think of it like dressing up a noun – the possessive pronoun is the outfit, and it needs to fit perfectly!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter dives into the wonderful world of German possessive pronouns, starting with the most personal one: mein (my). The core concept is that mein (and its counterparts) must agree with the noun it modifies. This agreement happens in two main ways: gender and case.
For example, my book is mein Buch (neuter, nominative), but my car is mein Auto (neuter, nominative), and my pen is mein Stift (masculine, nominative). Notice how mein stays the same in these nominative examples.
Things get a little more interesting when we talk about ownership in the accusative case, especially with masculine nouns. This is where the
My, My, My! Possessives in the Accusative Case
rule comes into play.
When a masculine noun is the direct object of a sentence, the possessive pronoun takes an -en ending. So,
I have my book
is
Ich habe mein Buch
(nominative, unaffected), but
I see my pen
becomes
Ich sehe meinen Stift
(accusative, masculine). This is a key takeaway for A1 German grammar.
We’ll also explore dein (your – informal), which works exactly like mein, and sein (his) and ihr (her), which also follow these gender and case rules. For example, his book is sein Buch, and her book is ihr Buch.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong:
    Das ist mein Tasche.
Correct:
Das ist meine Tasche.
*Explanation:* The noun Tasche (bag) is feminine. Possessive pronouns like mein must agree with the gender of the noun. For feminine nouns in the nominative case, the ending for mein is -e.
  1. 1Wrong:
    Ich sehe mein Auto.
Correct:
Ich sehe mein Auto.
*Explanation:* While Auto (car) is neuter, and mein doesn't change in the nominative, the sentence
Ich sehe mein Auto
is actually correct! The mistake would be changing it unnecessarily. The rule about adding -en to mein only applies to masculine nouns in the accusative case.
  1. 1Wrong:
    Das ist sein Buch.
Correct:
Das ist sein Buch.
*Explanation:* This is another example where the basic form is correct. The error would be trying to add an ending where it's not needed for neuter nouns in the nominative case. Sein (his) remains sein before a neuter noun like Buch (book) in the nominative.

Real Conversations

A

A

Hallo! Ist das dein Handy? (Hello! Is that your phone?)
B

B

Ja, das ist mein Handy! Und das ist dein Rucksack? (Yes, that's my phone! And is that your backpack?)
A

A

Entschuldigung, ist das sein Buch? (Excuse me, is that his book?)
B

B

Nein, das ist nicht sein Buch. Das ist mein Buch. (No, that's not his book. That's my book.)
A

A

Wo ist deine Tasche? (Where is your bag?)
B

B

Meine Tasche ist hier. Und wo ist deine Jacke? (My bag is here. And where is your jacket?)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the difference between mein and meine in A1 German grammar?

Mein is used before masculine and neuter nouns in the nominative case. Meine is used before feminine and plural nouns in the nominative case.

Q

How do I say your in German for a friend?

You use the informal possessive pronoun dein. Like mein, it changes its ending to match the noun's gender and case.

Q

When do I add -en to mein in German?

You add -en to mein (making it meinen) when it precedes a masculine noun that is in the accusative case (acting as the direct object of the verb).

Q

What are the possessive pronouns for his and her in German?

For his, you use sein. For her, you use ihr. Both follow the same rules of gender and case agreement as mein and dein.

Cultural Context

In Germany, using possessive pronouns like mein and dein is very common and natural in everyday conversation, whether you’re talking about your keys or your favorite coffee mug. There aren't significant regional differences in the use of these basic possessives at the A1 German grammar level. Germans are generally direct when it comes to ownership, so clearly stating This is my... is perfectly normal.

重要な例文 (8)

1

Das ist mein {der|m} Hund.

これは私の犬です。

ドイツ語の所有格:私の (mein)
2

Meine {die|f} Mutter kommt heute.

私の母が今日来ます。

ドイツ語の所有格:私の (mein)
3

Ist das dein Hund?

それは君の犬ですか?

あなたの(親しい間柄) (dein)
4

Wo ist deine Mutter?

君のお母さんはどこですか?

あなたの(親しい間柄) (dein)
5

Lukas sucht sein Handy.

ルカスは彼の携帯を探しています。

ドイツ語の所有限定詞:彼の・彼女の (sein/ihr)
6

Sarah liebt ihre neue Tasche.

サラは彼女の新しいバッグが大好きです。

ドイツ語の所有限定詞:彼の・彼女の (sein/ihr)
7

Ich besuche **meinen** Opa.

私は私のおじいちゃんを訪ねます。

私の、君の、彼の!対格の所有代名詞 (mein, meine, meinen)
8

Hast du **meine** Nachricht gelesen?

私のメッセージを読みましたか?

私の、君の、彼の!対格の所有代名詞 (mein, meine, meinen)

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

複数名詞の裏ワザ

複数名詞は、主格と対格で常に女性名詞と同じ語尾を使います。つまり、複数なら「-e」を付けると覚えておきましょう!例えば、私の友達について話す時:
Das sind meine Freunde.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ドイツ語の所有格:私の (mein)
🎯

冠詞一致のコツ

もし冠詞が「der」や「das」なら、「dein」は主格(Nominativ)ではたいてい語尾がありません。もし冠詞が「die」なら、「-e」を付けましょう。「Das ist dein Haus, das ist deine Lampe.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: あなたの(親しい間柄) (dein)
💡

名詞がボス!

所有代名詞の後に来る名詞を見て、「-e」が必要か決めましょう。持ち主の情報は、「sein」か「ihr」のどちらを使うかだけ教えてくれます。例えば「彼の新しい車」はこう言います:「Das ist sein neues Auto.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ドイツ語の所有限定詞:彼の・彼女の (sein/ihr)
💡

「-en」のルール

覚えておいてね、対格で形が変わるのは男性名詞だけだよ。もし名詞が「der」で始まる男性名詞だと分かったら、「meinen」が必要だってこと!
Ich suche meinen Schlüssel.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 私の、君の、彼の!対格の所有代名詞 (mein, meine, meinen)

重要な語彙 (5)

das Auto the car die Tasche the bag das Buch the book der Stift the pen haben to have

Real-World Preview

briefcase

At the Office

Review Summary

  • mein/dein + noun
  • meinen/deinen/seinen/ihren + masc noun

よくある間違い

Stift is masculine and the direct object here, so it needs the -en ending.

Wrong: Ich habe mein Stift.
正解: Ich habe meinen Stift.

Tasche is feminine, requiring the -e ending for possessives.

Wrong: Das ist mein Tasche.
正解: Das ist meine Tasche.

Auto is neuter, so 'ihr' does not need an extra -e.

Wrong: Das ist ihre Auto.
正解: Das ist ihr Auto.

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job navigating these grammar rules! Keep practicing and you'll be speaking German naturally in no time.

Label items in your room with sticky notes using German possessives.

クイック練習 (10)

正しい文を選びましょう(持ち主:マリア、名詞:Schwester {die|f})

Choose the correct way to say 'Maria calls her sister':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Maria ruft ihre Schwester an.
持ち主はマリア(ihr)で、名詞はSchwester(女性名詞)なので、「ihre」にするために「-e」を付けなければなりません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ドイツ語の所有限定詞:彼の・彼女の (sein/ihr)

間違いを見つけて直しましょう

Find and fix the mistake:

Lukas liebt sein Freundin.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Lukas liebt seine Freundin.
持ち主はルカス(sein)ですが、Freundinは女性名詞なので「seine」にしなければなりません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ドイツ語の所有限定詞:彼の・彼女の (sein/ihr)

間違いを見つけて修正しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

Ich sehe dein Hund.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich sehe deinen Hund.
「Hund」は男性名詞で、直接目的語(対格)です。男性名詞の対格には「-en」の語尾が必要です:「deinen」。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: あなたの(親しい間柄) (dein)

「dein」の正しい形で空欄を埋めましょう。

Ist das ___ {der|m} Laptop?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dein
「Laptop」は男性名詞で、ここでは主語(主格)なので、基本形の「dein」を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: あなたの(親しい間柄) (dein)

正しい形の「mein」を埋めてください。

Das ist ___ {der|m} Vater.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mein
「Vater」は男性名詞で、文の主語(主格)なので、「mein」を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ドイツ語の所有格:私の (mein)

間違いを見つけて修正してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

Ich habe mein Laptop {der|m} verloren.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich habe meinen Laptop verloren.
Laptop(ノートパソコン)は男性名詞です。対格(直接の目的語)では、「mein」は「meinen」に変わる必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 私の、君の、彼の!対格の所有代名詞 (mein, meine, meinen)

空欄を埋めましょう(持ち主:トーマス、名詞:Bruder {der|m})

Thomas besucht ___ Bruder.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sein
トーマスは男性(sein)、Bruderは男性名詞なので、語尾は必要ありません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ドイツ語の所有限定詞:彼の・彼女の (sein/ihr)

正しい文を選んでください。

「I see my cat {die|f}」の正しい文はどれですか?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich sehe meine Katze.
Katze(猫)は女性名詞なので、対格では「meine」を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 私の、君の、彼の!対格の所有代名詞 (mein, meine, meinen)

この文の間違いを見つけて修正してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

Ich habe mein {der|m} Schlüssel vergessen.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich habe meinen Schlüssel vergessen.
「Schlüssel」は男性名詞で直接目的語(対格)なので、語尾に「-en」を付けて「meinen」にする必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ドイツ語の所有格:私の (mein)

正しい文を選びましょう。

You are asking a friend about their keys (plural).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Wo sind deine Schlüssel?
ここでは「Schlüssel」は複数形(「sind」が使われている)なので、主格では「deine」を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: あなたの(親しい間柄) (dein)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

いいえ、変わりません!「mein」は、あなたが所有するものの性別によってのみ変化し、あなた自身の性別には関係ありません。男性も女性も「meine Mutter」(私の母)と言いますよ。
「meine」は、それに続く名詞が女性名詞(例:「Mutter」)または複数名詞(例:「Eltern」)のときに使います。「die」という定冠詞のように「-e」を付けて一致させます。例えば、「私の姉」は meine Schwester です。
性別がポイントです!男性名詞(der)と中性名詞(das)には「dein」を、女性名詞(die)と複数名詞(die)には「deine」を使います。「Ist das dein Haus?」と「Ist das deine Tasche?」のように使います。
普通は使いません。ドイツでは、先生には丁寧な「Ihr」を使います。とても若い先生や、先生が「Du」を使うよう明確に求めてこない限りは「Ihr」です。例えば、「Ist das Ihr Buch, Frau Müller?」
「das Haus」について話している場合、「sein」は「その家の」つまり「その家が持っている」という意味になります。例えば、「Das Haus und sein Garten」(その家とその庭)のように使います。
「彼女の」や「彼らの」という意味の時は小文字ですが、丁寧な「あなたの」という意味の「Ihr」は大文字になります。ただし、文の始まりに来る場合は常に大文字ですよ!