Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of connecting your actions and objects with ease and precision.
- Identify direct objects using accusative pronouns.
- Apply specific prepositions to describe location and purpose.
- Simplify your speech using efficient da-words.
学べること
Hey there, future German speaker! Ready to level up your conversations and connect your thoughts like a pro? In this chapter, we're going to unlock some super useful tools that will make your German sound much more natural and fluid. Don't worry, it's easier than you think! First up, we’ll tackle those essential little words that stand in for “me,” “you,” and “him” when they're the direct object of an action – yes, we're talking about accusative pronouns like *mich*, *dich*, and *ihn*. You'll learn exactly how to say things like “He sees *me*” or “I love *you*,” making it clear who's doing what to whom. Then, we'll dive into a fantastic group of prepositions that *always* bring the accusative case with them. You'll master *für* (for, as in “a coffee *for* you”), *ohne* (without, like “tea *without* sugar”), *um* (for precise times or around something, like “at three o'clock”), *durch* (through, as in “walking *through* the park”), and *gegen* (against or in opposition, like “I'm *against* that idea”). See how many everyday situations these cover? By the end of this chapter, you won't just be memorizing rules; you'll be actively using them! You'll be able to confidently order “a latte *for me*, *without* sugar!” at a German café, or tell a friend “I'm walking *through* the park *around* seven o'clock.” You’ll even get a head start on sounding more native by using “da-words” to refer back to things without repeating yourself. Ready to connect your German ideas? Let's go!
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ドイツ語の対格代名詞：私を、君を、彼を (mich, dich, ihn)「〜を」にあたる「人」や「もの」を示すときに使うのが「4格代名詞」です。特に「mich」「dich」そしてちょっと変わった「ihn」を覚えておきましょう。
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あなたのために！ドイツ語の対格前置詞 (für)「für」は、いつも「4格」を使う前置詞だよ。誰かの「ため」や「目的」、「期間」、「値段」を表す時に使う、とっても便利な言葉なんだ。
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〜なしで (ohne): 対格の前置詞何かがない、または除外されていることを伝える時は、いつも
ohneと «4格» をセットで使います。 -
ドイツ語の前置詞「um」：時間（〜に）と場所（〜の周りに）「um」は「正確な時刻」と「周り」を表すときに使います。いつも「対格」とセットですよ！
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ドイツ語の前置詞：「〜を通って」(durch + 4格)「durch」の後ろはいつも「対格」を使うんだ。場所を通り抜けたり、何かを「介して」行動する時に使うよ。
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前置詞 'gegen': 〜に対して・〜ごろ (gegen)「gegen」はとっても便利！ いつも「対格」と一緒に使ってね。「反対」「接触」「だいたいの時間」を伝えるときに大活躍するよ！
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ドイツ語の「Da語」：物のためのショートカット（代名詞的副詞）「da(r)」と前置詞を組み合わせると、物や考えを指すときに使えます。人を指すときには「da(r)〜」は絶対に使わないでくださいね！
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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By the end you will be able to: Use pronouns like 'mich' and 'dich' correctly in basic sentences.
チャプターガイド
Overview
How This Grammar Works
me and you can function in different ways, German uses specific forms when they are the direct object of a verb.He sees I, you'd say Er sieht mich(He sees me). Similarly,
dichis used for
you as a direct object (e.g., Ich sehe dich- I see you), and
ihnfor
him (e.g., Ich liebe ihn- I love him).
Das Geschenk ist für dich(The gift is for you).
Kaffee ohne Zucker(Coffee without sugar).
Der Film beginnt um acht Uhr(The film starts at eight o'clock).
Wir gehen durch den Park(We are walking through the park).
against an idea or object, or around a time. Example: Ich bin gegen die Idee(I am against the idea) or
Wir treffen uns gegen Abend(We'll meet around evening).
da or dar- with a preposition to refer back to things or ideas without repeating them. For instance, instead of saying Ich spreche über den Film(I'm talking about the film), you could say
Ich spreche darüber(I'm talking about it).
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong:
Ich sehe mich.(I see me.) - *This is actually correct, but learners often confuse it with nominative.*
Ich sehe mich.(I see me.)
mich is the correct accusative form for I when it's the direct object of the verb. The nominative form is ich, which is used as the subject (e.g., Ich sehe dich.- *I* see you).
- 1✗ Wrong:
Ein Kaffee für ich.
Ein Kaffee für mich.
ich (I) changes to the accusative pronoun michwhen it follows für.
- 1✗ Wrong:
Wir treffen uns um sieben Uhr.
(We are meeting at seven o'clock.) - *This is correct, but learners might misuse 'um' with other times.*
Wir treffen uns um sieben Uhr.
in the morning, you'd use different prepositions or phrases.
Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
What is the difference between ich and mich in German?
Ich is the nominative case, used for the subject of a sentence (who or what is doing the action). Mich is the accusative case, used for the direct object (who or what is receiving the action). For example,
Ich sehe dich.(I see you.)
When do I use the German preposition für?
You use für when something is for someone or something, indicating a recipient or purpose. It always takes the accusative case. Example:
Das ist für dich.(This is for you.)
Can you explain the German preposition um for time?
Yes, um is used to state a precise time on the clock. For example,
um drei Uhr(at three o'clock),
um zwanzig Uhr(at eight o'clock).
How do da-words help in German conversations?
Da-words (like darüber) act as shortcuts to refer back to a previously mentioned topic or idea, making your German sound more natural and less repetitive. Instead of repeating a noun or phrase, you can use a da-word.
Cultural Context
da-words to keep conversations flowing efficiently. You'll hear für mich(for me) and
ohne Zucker(without sugar) in cafes all the time. Using
umfor times is standard.
da-words are a sign of fluency, helping to avoid awkward repetitions, especially in spoken German.重要な例文 (8)
ヒントとコツ (4)
「ihn」の裏ワザ！
Ich sehe ihn.「N」の魔法！
für den Freundって言うんだよ。
スマートな注文の仕方
Döner ohne Zwiebeln、「砂糖なしのコーヒー」なら
Kaffee ohne Zucker と言ってみましょう。とても早いです！週末に「um」は使わない！
重要な語彙 (6)
Real-World Preview
Café Order
Review Summary
- Subject + Verb + Accusative Pronoun
- da + preposition
よくある間違い
Prepositions like 'für' require the accusative case. 'Ich' is nominative, so it must change to 'mich'.
'Durch' requires the accusative. 'Der' must change to 'den' for masculine nouns.
Da-words already replace the noun. You don't need to add the noun again.
このチャプターのルール (7)
Next Steps
You've worked hard! Take a break, and get ready to unlock even more power in the next chapter.
Label objects in your room and practice using them with 'für'.
クイック練習 (10)
Find and fix the mistake:
Ich habe um Freitag keine Zeit.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ドイツ語の前置詞「um」：時間（〜に）と場所（〜の周りに）
Choose the correct sentence:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 前置詞 'gegen': 〜に対して・〜ごろ (gegen)
Find and fix the mistake:
Ich kaufe Blumen für meiner Mutter.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: あなたのために！ドイツ語の対格前置詞 (für)
「君なしで」の正しい言い方を選びましょう：
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜なしで (ohne): 対格の前置詞
Find and fix the mistake:
Das ist ein schönes Lied. Ich freue mich daüber.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ドイツ語の「Da語」：物のためのショートカット（代名詞的副詞）
Wir gehen durch ___ Park.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ドイツ語の前置詞：「〜を通って」(durch + 4格)
Find and fix the mistake:
Kommst du ohne du?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ドイツ語の対格代名詞：私を、君を、彼を (mich, dich, ihn)
Find and fix the mistake:
Er kommt ohne das Handy.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜なしで (ohne): 対格の前置詞
Das Geschenk ist für ____ (he).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: あなたのために！ドイツ語の対格前置詞 (für)
Find and fix the mistake:
Wir spielen gegen dem Team.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 前置詞 'gegen': 〜に対して・〜ごろ (gegen)
Score: /10
よくある質問 (6)
Ich warte auf dichと言うよ。
