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A1 adverb #1,000 가장 일반적인 20분 분량

surtout

상위 1,000

At the A1 beginner level, 'surtout' is introduced as a simple vocabulary word meaning 'especially'. Learners are taught to use it to express their basic likes and dislikes more specifically. For example, a beginner might learn to say 'J'aime les couleurs, surtout le bleu' (I like colors, especially blue). The focus at this stage is on comprehension and basic sentence construction. Students learn that 'surtout' helps them add a little more detail to their simple sentences without needing complex grammar. It is presented as an invariable word, meaning they don't have to worry about changing its ending to match masculine, feminine, or plural nouns, which is a relief for beginners. Teachers often use visual aids, showing a group of items and pointing to one specific item while saying 'surtout', to clearly convey the meaning of singling something out. At this level, learners are not expected to use it in complex warnings or with negative imperatives like 'surtout pas', but rather just to highlight a preference. Mastering 'surtout' at A1 gives students a quick and easy way to sound a bit more natural and expressive when talking about themselves and their immediate environment.

Moving into the A2 elementary level, the use of 'surtout' expands slightly. Learners begin to encounter it in short texts and simple dialogues where it is used not just for preferences, but also to highlight main reasons or primary characteristics. For instance, they might read a sentence like 'Il est fatigué, surtout le soir' (He is tired, especially in the evening). At this stage, students are encouraged to use 'surtout' to connect ideas and provide simple explanations. They also start to learn the negative form 'surtout pas' (especially not) in the context of basic rules or strong dislikes, such as 'Je n'aime pas la viande, et surtout pas le porc' (I don't like meat, and especially not pork). The placement of 'surtout' becomes a bit more important, and learners practice putting it before the noun or after the verb. While still a relatively simple concept, 'surtout' at the A2 level becomes a tool for adding nuance to descriptions and making basic conversations more engaging and specific. It helps bridge the gap between simple, isolated sentences and more connected, descriptive speech.

At the B1 intermediate level, 'surtout' becomes a highly active part of the learner's vocabulary. Students are expected to use it confidently in a variety of contexts, both spoken and written. They learn its crucial role as a sentence adverb used for giving strong advice or warnings: 'Surtout, n'oublie pas ton passeport' (Above all, don't forget your passport). This usage is practiced in role-plays and writing exercises involving giving instructions or expressing urgency. Furthermore, B1 learners start to understand the subtle difference between 'surtout' (especially/mostly) and 'spécialement' (specifically), avoiding the common beginner mistake of using them interchangeably. They use 'surtout' to structure their arguments in short essays, highlighting the most important points. For example, 'Le problème est complexe, mais c'est surtout une question d'argent' (The problem is complex, but it's mostly a question of money). At this level, 'surtout' is recognized as a key cohesive device that helps organize thoughts and direct the listener's or reader's attention to the core message, making communication much more effective.

In the B2 upper-intermediate level, the mastery of 'surtout' is expected to be near-native in terms of placement and nuance. Learners use it effortlessly to add emphasis, clarify points, and manage the flow of complex discussions. They are comfortable using it in combination with other adverbs and in various syntactic positions without hesitation. At B2, students encounter 'surtout' frequently in authentic materials like news broadcasts, newspaper articles, and literature, where it is used to pinpoint primary causes or highlight critical data. They are expected to replicate this sophisticated usage in their own debates and analytical writing. For example, they might argue, 'Bien que la technologie offre des avantages, elle pose surtout des défis éthiques' (Although technology offers advantages, it primarily poses ethical challenges). The focus shifts from simply knowing what the word means to using it strategically to persuade, emphasize, and structure complex narratives. 'Surtout' becomes a tool for rhetorical effectiveness, allowing B2 speakers to express their opinions with authority and precision.

At the C1 advanced level, 'surtout' is used with complete spontaneity and absolute precision. Learners at this stage understand the microscopic nuances of the word and can choose between 'surtout', 'particulièrement', 'principalement', and 'avant tout' based on the exact tone and register required by the situation. They use 'surtout' to navigate highly abstract or technical discussions, effortlessly highlighting primary factors among a multitude of variables. In literature and formal writing, they appreciate how authors use 'surtout' to guide the reader's interpretation of a text. C1 speakers might use it in complex, multi-clause sentences to maintain focus on the main thesis. For instance, 'Dans ce contexte de crise mondiale, ce qui importe, c'est surtout la capacité d'adaptation des institutions' (In this context of global crisis, what matters is above all the adaptability of institutions). At this level, the word is not just vocabulary; it is an integral part of the speaker's stylistic repertoire, used to craft elegant, impactful, and highly articulate French.

At the C2 mastery level, the use of 'surtout' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. C2 users employ the word instinctively, playing with its placement for subtle rhetorical effects. They might use it to create deliberate pauses or to set up implicit contrasts without needing to state the opposing side explicitly. They are fully aware of the cultural weight of the word when used as a definitive warning or a statement of absolute priority. In academic or professional discourse, they use 'surtout' to elegantly cut through complex information and deliver the core truth of a matter. They can also use it ironically or playfully in conversation. At this pinnacle of language learning, 'surtout' is merely one instrument in a vast symphony of vocabulary, but it is played with perfect pitch and timing. The C2 speaker doesn't think about the rules of 'surtout'; they simply feel when it is the exact right word to anchor their thought and deliver their message with maximum clarity and force.

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

surtout 30초 만에

Translates to 'especially' or 'above all'.
Used to highlight one specific thing from a group.
Can be used as a strong warning at the start of a sentence.
Never changes its spelling; it is an invariable adverb.

The French word 'surtout' is an essential adverb that every learner must master early on in their language journey. It translates primarily to 'especially' or 'above all' in English, and it serves as a powerful tool for emphasis. When you want to highlight a specific element within a broader category, 'surtout' is your go-to word. For instance, if you are discussing your dietary preferences and want to emphasize your love for fruits, particularly apples, you would use 'surtout'. This word is incredibly versatile and can modify nouns, verbs, adjectives, and even other adverbs. Understanding its placement and nuance is crucial for achieving fluency and sounding natural in everyday French conversations. The beauty of 'surtout' lies in its simplicity and its profound impact on the meaning of a sentence. It directs the listener's attention to the most critical piece of information you are trying to convey. In both spoken and written French, 'surtout' is ubiquitous. You will encounter it in casual chats with friends, formal business meetings, literature, and media. Its frequency of use makes it a high-priority vocabulary item for learners at the A1 level and beyond. Let us delve deeper into the mechanics of this word.

Core Meaning: The primary function of 'surtout' is to single out one thing from a group, indicating that it is more important, more frequent, or more applicable than the rest.

J'aime les fruits, surtout les pommes.

Furthermore, 'surtout' can be used as an independent exclamation or at the beginning of a sentence to issue a strong warning or piece of advice. In this context, it translates to 'above all' or 'whatever you do'. For example, a parent might tell a child, 'Surtout, ne touche pas à ça !' (Above all, do not touch that!). This usage adds a layer of urgency and importance that other adverbs lack. It is a direct appeal to the listener's attention and compliance. The word itself is a compound of 'sur' (on or over) and 'tout' (all), which literally translates to 'over all'. This etymological breakdown perfectly encapsulates its modern usage. When you use 'surtout', you are placing one concept 'over all' others. It is a hierarchical marker in your sentence structure.

Warning Context: When placed at the beginning of an imperative sentence, it acts as a strong caution, meaning 'whatever you do' or 'most importantly'.

Surtout, n'oublie pas tes clés.

In addition to its role in warnings and emphasis, 'surtout' is frequently used in comparative contexts, even when a direct comparison is not explicitly stated. By saying 'Il est surtout connu pour ses romans' (He is especially known for his novels), you implicitly compare his novels to his other works, elevating the novels to the primary reason for his fame. This implicit comparison is a sophisticated way to provide context and nuance without being overly wordy. It streamlines communication, making it more efficient and impactful. Native speakers rely heavily on 'surtout' to navigate complex explanations and to ensure their main points are not lost in a sea of details. It acts as a conversational anchor, grounding the discussion in what truly matters.

Implicit Comparison: Using the word allows speakers to elevate one trait or fact above others without needing to list all the other less important facts.

Elle lit beaucoup, surtout le soir.

Moreover, 'surtout' can be combined with other adverbs to create compound expressions of emphasis. While 'surtout pas' (especially not) is the most common, you might also hear it in conjunction with words like 'aujourd'hui' (especially today) or 'ici' (especially here). These combinations further specify the context of the emphasis, adding precision to your statements. The flexibility of 'surtout' is unmatched in the French adverbial lexicon. It seamlessly integrates into various sentence structures without disrupting the grammatical flow. Whether you are writing a formal essay or sending a quick text message, 'surtout' maintains its utility and appropriateness. It is a word that bridges the gap between basic vocabulary and advanced expression, making it a cornerstone of effective French communication.

Ne fais surtout pas ça !

Finally, understanding the cultural weight of 'surtout' is important. In French culture, clarity and precision in speech are highly valued. Using 'surtout' correctly demonstrates a grasp of these values. It shows that you are not just stringing words together, but actively organizing your thoughts to highlight the most relevant information. This level of communicative competence is what separates a beginner from an intermediate speaker. By mastering 'surtout', you take a significant step towards sounding more native and expressing your ideas with the clarity and emphasis they deserve. It is a small word with a massive impact on your overall fluency.

C'est un bon film, mais surtout très drôle.

The placement of 'surtout' within a sentence is a critical aspect of mastering its usage. Unlike some English adverbs that can float freely throughout a sentence, French adverbs, including 'surtout', follow specific syntactic rules. Generally, when 'surtout' modifies a verb, it is placed immediately after the conjugated verb. For example, 'Il travaille surtout le matin' (He works especially in the morning). This placement ensures that the emphasis is directly linked to the action being performed. If the sentence is in a compound tense, such as the passé composé, 'surtout' typically falls between the auxiliary verb and the past participle: 'Il a surtout travaillé le matin' (He especially worked in the morning). This mid-sentence placement is standard for short adverbs in French and maintains the rhythm and flow of the language. Understanding this fundamental rule will prevent many common grammatical errors and help your sentences sound natural to native ears.

Verb Modification: Place 'surtout' directly after the conjugated verb in simple tenses, or between the auxiliary and past participle in compound tenses.

Je regarde surtout des comédies.

When 'surtout' modifies a noun or a pronoun, it is usually placed directly before the word it is emphasizing. This is often seen at the end of a sentence to add a specific detail to a general statement. For instance, 'J'aime la musique, surtout le jazz' (I like music, especially jazz). Here, 'surtout' acts as a bridge between the broad category (music) and the specific preference (jazz). This structure is incredibly common in conversational French and is a highly effective way to express personal tastes and opinions. It allows the speaker to start with a relatable, general statement before narrowing down to their specific point of interest. This pattern is not only grammatically correct but also rhetorically effective, making your speech more engaging and easier to follow.

Noun Modification: Place 'surtout' immediately before the noun or noun phrase you wish to emphasize, often following a comma after a general statement.

Il aime les animaux, surtout les chiens.

Another crucial sentence structure involves using 'surtout' at the very beginning of a sentence. As mentioned previously, this is primarily used for giving strong advice, warnings, or imperatives. When placed at the front, 'surtout' commands immediate attention. It sets a tone of urgency. For example, 'Surtout, prends ton temps' (Above all, take your time). In this position, 'surtout' modifies the entire following clause rather than a single word. It acts as a sentence adverb, framing the entire thought that follows as the most important piece of information the listener needs to hear. This usage is particularly prevalent in spoken French, where tone and emphasis are vital for conveying meaning. It is a powerful rhetorical device that every learner should practice to add persuasive weight to their speech.

Sentence Adverb: When placed at the beginning of a sentence, followed by a comma, it emphasizes the entire following statement, often as a warning or strong advice.

Surtout, ne l'écoute pas.

Furthermore, 'surtout' can be used in negative sentences to create the phrase 'surtout pas', which translates to 'especially not' or 'definitely not'. This is a highly emphatic negation. The placement here is crucial: 'pas' must immediately follow 'surtout'. For example, 'Je veux tout manger, mais surtout pas les champignons' (I want to eat everything, but especially not the mushrooms). Or as an imperative: 'Ne fais surtout pas ça' (Definitely do not do that). In the imperative form, 'surtout' is placed between the verb and 'pas'. This specific negative construction is a staple of French communication, allowing speakers to set firm boundaries or express strong aversions. Mastering 'surtout pas' will significantly enhance your ability to express negative preferences clearly and forcefully.

Je déteste le froid, et surtout pas la neige.

Finally, it is important to note how 'surtout' interacts with adjectives. While less common than modifying nouns or verbs, 'surtout' can precede an adjective to mean 'primarily' or 'mostly'. For example, 'Le ciel est surtout bleu aujourd'hui' (The sky is mostly blue today). In this context, it functions similarly to 'principalement' (principally). This usage adds a descriptive nuance, allowing you to characterize something while acknowledging minor exceptions. It is a subtle but effective way to add precision to your descriptions. By practicing these various sentence structures—modifying verbs, nouns, entire sentences, and adjectives—you will develop a comprehensive understanding of how 'surtout' operates within the French language, allowing you to express yourself with greater accuracy and flair.

Elle est surtout fatiguée.

The adverb 'surtout' is deeply embedded in the daily fabric of the French language, making it a word you will encounter in virtually every context imaginable. From the bustling markets of Paris to the formal boardrooms of multinational corporations, 'surtout' is universally utilized to bring clarity and emphasis to communication. One of the most common places you will hear 'surtout' is in casual conversations among friends and family. When people share their opinions, recount their days, or discuss their preferences, 'surtout' naturally arises. For example, during a dinner party, a guest might say, 'Ce repas est délicieux, surtout le dessert' (This meal is delicious, especially the dessert). In these relaxed settings, 'surtout' helps to highlight personal tastes and create a more engaging narrative. It is the linguistic equivalent of pointing a finger at the most exciting part of a story or the best item on a menu.

Everyday Conversations: Used constantly in daily life to express preferences, highlight specific details in stories, and emphasize personal opinions.

J'adore Paris, surtout au printemps.

Beyond casual chats, 'surtout' is a staple in professional and academic environments. In a business meeting, a manager might use it to prioritize tasks: 'Nous devons finir ce projet, et surtout la présentation' (We must finish this project, and above all the presentation). Here, 'surtout' functions as a directive tool, ensuring that the team understands which aspect of the project requires the most immediate attention. Similarly, in academic lectures or written essays, professors and students use 'surtout' to underscore key arguments or primary causes. For instance, an historian might write, 'La révolution a été causée par plusieurs facteurs, mais surtout par la crise économique' (The revolution was caused by several factors, but primarily by the economic crisis). In these formal contexts, 'surtout' elevates the discourse by clearly delineating primary and secondary information.

Professional Settings: Employed to prioritize tasks, highlight critical data points, and ensure clear communication of primary objectives in meetings and reports.

Il faut surtout respecter les délais.

Media and journalism also rely heavily on 'surtout'. News anchors use it to emphasize the most critical aspect of a breaking story. A weather forecaster might warn, 'Il va pleuvoir demain, surtout dans le nord' (It will rain tomorrow, especially in the north). This usage is vital for public safety and awareness, directing the audience's attention to the specific areas or demographics most affected by an event. In written journalism, 'surtout' helps structure articles, guiding the reader through complex issues by highlighting the core problems or primary beneficiaries. Advertisements also employ 'surtout' to emphasize the unique selling points of a product, aiming to convince the consumer that their product is superior, 'especially' for a specific need. The ubiquity of 'surtout' in media underscores its effectiveness as a tool for mass communication.

Media and News: Frequently used by journalists and broadcasters to pinpoint the most affected areas, critical facts, or primary causes of news events.

La tempête touchera surtout la côte.

Another vital context where you will hear 'surtout' is in the realm of advice and parenting. As previously discussed, 'surtout' at the beginning of a sentence is a powerful way to issue a warning. Parents use it constantly with children to ensure their safety: 'Surtout, regarde des deux côtés avant de traverser' (Above all, look both ways before crossing). Doctors use it to give medical advice: 'Reposez-vous, et surtout buvez beaucoup d'eau' (Rest, and above all drink lots of water). In these scenarios, 'surtout' conveys a sense of care and urgency. It tells the listener that while there may be other instructions, this specific one is non-negotiable. This protective and instructive use of 'surtout' highlights its emotional resonance within the language.

Surtout, ne t'inquiète pas.

In conclusion, 'surtout' is not confined to any single register or demographic. It is a universal linguistic tool that serves the fundamental human need to prioritize information. Whether you are reading a classic French novel, watching a contemporary film, or simply asking for directions on the street, 'surtout' will be there, guiding the emphasis and clarifying the meaning. By actively listening for this word in various contexts, you will not only improve your comprehension but also gain valuable insights into how native speakers structure their thoughts and express their priorities. It is a small window into the logic and rhythm of the French mind.

C'est un bon livre, surtout la fin.

While 'surtout' is a relatively straightforward word, English speakers learning French often stumble upon a few common pitfalls regarding its usage and placement. One of the most frequent mistakes is confusing 'surtout' with 'spécialement'. Although both can translate to 'especially' in English, they are not always interchangeable in French. 'Surtout' is used to highlight one thing above others in a group (e.g., 'J'aime les fruits, surtout les pommes'). It implies a hierarchy of preference or importance. 'Spécialement', on the other hand, means 'specifically' or 'for a special purpose'. For example, 'J'ai fait ce gâteau spécialement pour toi' (I made this cake specifically for you). Using 'surtout' in this context ('J'ai fait ce gâteau surtout pour toi') would slightly alter the meaning to 'I made this cake mostly for you (but maybe a little bit for others too)'. Understanding this subtle distinction is crucial for accurate expression.

Surtout vs. Spécialement: Use 'surtout' for 'above all' or 'mostly'. Use 'spécialement' for 'specifically' or 'for a special purpose'.

C'est surtout difficile en hiver.

Another common error involves the placement of 'surtout' in negative sentences. Learners often incorrectly place 'surtout' after 'pas', resulting in awkward phrasing like 'Je n'aime pas surtout ça'. The correct structure is to place 'surtout' before 'pas' to create the emphatic 'surtout pas' (especially not). For example, 'Je ne veux surtout pas y aller' (I especially do not want to go there). Alternatively, if 'surtout' is modifying a noun at the end of a negative sentence, it follows the standard pattern: 'Je n'aime pas les légumes, surtout pas les choux' (I don't like vegetables, especially not cabbage). Mastering the 'surtout pas' construction is essential for sounding natural when expressing strong negative preferences or issuing warnings.

Negative Placement: Always place 'surtout' before 'pas' to mean 'especially not'. Never say 'pas surtout'.

Ne dis surtout pas la vérité.

A third mistake is overusing 'surtout' when a simple 'très' (very) or 'beaucoup' (a lot) would suffice. Because 'surtout' translates to 'especially', learners sometimes use it to mean 'very much'. For example, saying 'Je suis surtout fatigué' to mean 'I am very tired' is slightly unnatural. While grammatically acceptable, it implies 'I am mostly tired (as opposed to hungry or angry)'. If you simply want to express a high degree of tiredness, 'Je suis très fatigué' is the correct choice. 'Surtout' should be reserved for situations where you are highlighting one thing in contrast to others, or when you are giving a strong warning. Reserving 'surtout' for its intended emphatic purpose preserves its power and prevents your French from sounding slightly off-key.

Overuse as 'Very': Do not use 'surtout' simply to mean 'very'. It must imply a comparison, a majority, or a strong emphasis above other things.

Il pleut, mais surtout il fait froid.

Furthermore, learners sometimes forget that 'surtout' is an invariable adverb. In French, adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify, but adverbs never change form. You will never see 'surtouts' or 'surtoute'. It is always spelled exactly the same way, regardless of whether it refers to a masculine, feminine, singular, or plural noun. For example, 'J'aime les fleurs, surtout les roses' (I like flowers, especially roses). Even though 'roses' is feminine plural, 'surtout' remains unchanged. This is a simple rule, but in the heat of conversation, learners focused on making their adjectives agree might mistakenly try to alter the adverb as well. Remembering that adverbs are rigid blocks in the sentence structure will help you avoid this error.

Elles sont surtout intelligentes.

Finally, pronunciation can sometimes be a minor stumbling block. The final 't' in 'surtout' is completely silent. Pronouncing it as 'sur-toot' is a clear marker of a non-native speaker. The correct pronunciation is roughly 'sur-too', with the 'ou' sounding like the 'oo' in the English word 'boot', but shorter and more rounded. Additionally, the 'r' in 'sur' should be the guttural French 'r', not the hard English 'r'. Practicing the smooth transition from the 'r' to the 't' without pronouncing the final consonant is key to sounding authentic. By being aware of these common mistakes—confusing it with 'spécialement', incorrect negative placement, overuse, false agreement, and pronunciation errors—you can confidently and correctly integrate 'surtout' into your active French vocabulary.

C'est surtout une question de temps.

Expanding your vocabulary involves not just learning a word, but also understanding its synonyms and knowing when to use alternatives to avoid repetition. While 'surtout' is incredibly useful, relying on it too heavily can make your French sound repetitive. Fortunately, the French language offers several excellent alternatives that convey similar meanings with slight variations in nuance and register. The most direct synonym for 'surtout' is 'particulièrement' (particularly). This word is slightly more formal and is often used in written French or professional settings. For example, instead of saying 'J'aime surtout ce tableau', you could say 'J'apprécie particulièrement ce tableau' (I particularly appreciate this painting). 'Particulièrement' emphasizes the specific nature of your preference, much like 'surtout', but with a slightly more elevated tone. It is an excellent substitute when you want to sound a bit more sophisticated.

Particulièrement: A slightly more formal synonym meaning 'particularly'. Great for writing and professional speech.

Il est surtout doué en maths.

Another common alternative is 'principalement' (principally or mainly). This word is used when you want to indicate that something constitutes the majority or the main part of a whole. For instance, 'Notre clientèle est principalement locale' (Our clientele is mainly local). While you could use 'surtout' here ('Notre clientèle est surtout locale'), 'principalement' sounds more precise and analytical. It is frequently used in statistics, demographics, and formal descriptions. Understanding the subtle shift from the emphatic 'surtout' to the quantitative 'principalement' allows you to tailor your language to the specific context of your conversation. It shows a deeper mastery of French vocabulary and an ability to choose the exact right word for the job.

Principalement: Means 'mainly' or 'principally'. Best used when discussing majorities, statistics, or primary components.

Je bois surtout de l'eau.

For situations where 'surtout' is used to mean 'above all' as a warning or strong advice, the phrase 'avant tout' is a perfect substitute. 'Avant tout' literally translates to 'before all' and carries the exact same weight as 'surtout' at the beginning of a sentence. For example, 'Avant tout, restez calmes' (Above all, stay calm) is entirely synonymous with 'Surtout, restez calmes'. Using 'avant tout' can add a slightly more dramatic or definitive flair to your instructions. It emphasizes priority in time or importance. Knowing both phrases allows you to vary your sentence structures when giving a series of instructions or emphasizing multiple important points in a speech or essay.

Avant tout: Translates to 'before all' or 'above all'. An excellent alternative for warnings or establishing absolute priorities.

Surtout, n'oublie pas d'appeler.

In more casual, spoken French, you might hear people use 'en particulier' (in particular) as a substitute for 'surtout' when singling something out. For example, 'J'aime les sports d'hiver, le ski en particulier' (I like winter sports, skiing in particular). This phrase functions very similarly to 'surtout' but is often placed after the noun it modifies, whereas 'surtout' is usually placed before. This structural difference provides a nice variation in sentence rhythm. 'En particulier' feels slightly more conversational and less abrupt than 'surtout'. It gently guides the listener to the specific example rather than pointing directly at it with the force of 'surtout'.

Il est grand, mais surtout fort.

Finally, it is worth mentioning 'spécialement' again, not as a direct synonym, but as a related word that occupies a neighboring semantic space. As noted in the common mistakes section, 'spécialement' means 'specifically' or 'specially'. While you shouldn't use it to mean 'mostly', it is the correct word when intention or specific design is involved. 'Un menu fait spécialement pour vous' (A menu made specially for you). By understanding the distinct roles of 'surtout', 'particulièrement', 'principalement', 'avant tout', 'en particulier', and 'spécialement', you build a robust and nuanced vocabulary that allows you to express emphasis and specificity with native-like precision. This varied toolkit is essential for advancing beyond the beginner stages of French.

C'est surtout pour les enfants.

How Formal Is It?

격식체

중립

비격식체

Child friendly

속어

재미있는 사실

In the 18th and 19th centuries, a 'surtout' was also a type of men's overcoat, literally a coat worn 'over all' the other clothes. While this meaning is mostly obsolete in modern French, it survives in English historical fashion terminology as a 'surtout coat'.

발음 가이드

UK /syʁ.tu/

US /syʁ.tu/

The stress falls slightly on the second syllable: sur-TOU.

라임이 맞는 단어

tout bout chou cou doux fou genou hibou joue loup mou nous pou roue sou trou vous

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing the final 't' (sur-toot).
Pronouncing the first 'u' like the English 'u' in 'cup' instead of the tight French 'u'.
Pronouncing the 'ou' like 'ow' instead of 'oo'.
Using a hard English 'r' instead of the French guttural 'r'.
Stressing the first syllable instead of the second.

난이도

독해 1/5

Very easy to recognize and understand in context.

쓰기 2/5

Easy to spell, but placement in complex sentences requires some practice.

말하기 2/5

Easy to say, but remembering to use it instead of 'très' takes habit.

듣기 1/5

Clearly pronounced and easy to pick out in spoken French.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

sur tout très beaucoup pas

다음에 배울 것

particulièrement principalement notamment spécialement avant tout

고급

majoritairement essentiellement par-dessus tout à plus forte raison en premier lieu

알아야 할 문법

Adverb Placement

In simple tenses, adverbs like 'surtout' follow the conjugated verb: 'Il mange surtout des pommes'.

Adverb Placement in Compound Tenses

In compound tenses, short adverbs often go between the auxiliary and the past participle: 'Il a surtout mangé des pommes'.

Negative Imperative

To form a strong negative command, place 'surtout' before 'pas': 'Ne mange surtout pas ça'.

Invariable Words

Adverbs never change their spelling to agree with gender or number: 'Les filles sont surtout intelligentes'.

Sentence Adverbs

When modifying a whole sentence, place the adverb at the beginning followed by a comma: 'Surtout, sois prudent'.

수준별 예문

J'aime les fruits, surtout les pommes.

I like fruits, especially apples.

Used here to highlight one specific item from a general category.

Il fait froid, surtout la nuit.

It is cold, especially at night.

Used to specify a time when the condition is most true.

Je lis beaucoup, surtout le week-end.

I read a lot, especially on the weekend.

Highlights the primary time the action occurs.

Elle aime les animaux, surtout les chats.

She likes animals, especially cats.

Singles out a favorite from a broader group.

C'est un bon film, surtout la fin.

It's a good movie, especially the ending.

Points out the best part of a whole.

Je mange de tout, surtout des légumes.

I eat everything, especially vegetables.

Emphasizes the main component of a diet.

Il est grand, surtout pour son âge.

He is tall, especially for his age.

Used to show that a characteristic is notable given the context.

J'aime Paris, surtout en été.

I like Paris, especially in summer.

Specifies the preferred season for the location.

Surtout, n'oublie pas tes clés !

Above all, don't forget your keys!

Used at the beginning of a sentence as a strong warning or reminder.

Je n'aime pas le sport, et surtout pas le foot.

I don't like sports, and especially not soccer.

Notice the placement of 'surtout' before 'pas' for strong negative emphasis.

Il faut étudier, surtout pour l'examen de demain.

You must study, especially for tomorrow's exam.

Highlights the most urgent reason for an action.

Elle est fatiguée, surtout parce qu'elle a beaucoup travaillé.

She is tired, mostly because she worked a lot.

Used to introduce the primary cause or reason.

Ce restaurant est cher, surtout le soir.

This restaurant is expensive, especially in the evening.

Specifies when the condition (expensive) is most applicable.

J'ai mal à la tête, surtout quand je lis.

I have a headache, especially when I read.

Connects a physical symptom to its primary trigger.

Ne dis surtout rien à ta mère.

Above all, say nothing to your mother.

A strong imperative warning to keep a secret.

Ils voyagent beaucoup, surtout en Europe.

They travel a lot, mostly in Europe.

Indicates the primary location of an activity.

Le projet est difficile, mais c'est surtout une question de temps.

The project is difficult, but it's mostly a question of time.

Used to identify the core issue among several factors.

Il a réussi grâce à son talent, mais surtout grâce à son travail.

He succeeded thanks to his talent, but above all thanks to his hard work.

Creates a hierarchy of reasons, placing one 'above all'.

Surtout, prenez votre temps et ne vous pressez pas.

Above all, take your time and don't rush.

Used as a sentence adverb to give primary advice.

Je cherche une voiture fiable, et surtout pas trop chère.

I am looking for a reliable car, and especially not too expensive.

Combines preference with a strong negative constraint using 'surtout pas'.

La réunion s'adresse surtout aux nouveaux employés.

The meeting is primarily aimed at new employees.

Indicates the main target audience.

Ce livre est intéressant, surtout le chapitre sur l'histoire.

This book is interesting, especially the chapter on history.

Highlights the most engaging part of a larger work.

Il faut faire attention, surtout quand il pleut.

You must be careful, especially when it rains.

Emphasizes the specific condition that requires caution.

Elle écoute de la musique classique, surtout Mozart.

She listens to classical music, especially Mozart.

Narrows down a broad genre to a specific favorite.

Bien que les symptômes varient, la maladie affecte surtout les personnes âgées.

Although symptoms vary, the disease primarily affects the elderly.

Used in a formal context to state a primary demographic or statistical fact.

Le succès de l'entreprise repose surtout sur l'innovation.

The company's success relies above all on innovation.

Identifies the foundational element of a complex situation.

Je vous conseille de lire ce rapport, mais lisez surtout la conclusion.

I advise you to read this report, but read the conclusion above all.

Directs attention to the most critical part of a document.

Il est important de participer, mais surtout de s'amuser.

It is important to participate, but above all to have fun.

Contrasts two positive ideas, elevating one as the ultimate goal.

La réforme vise surtout à réduire les inégalités sociales.

The reform aims primarily to reduce social inequalities.

States the main objective of a policy or action.

Évitez les sucres ajoutés, et surtout les boissons gazeuses.

Avoid added sugars, and especially carbonated drinks.

Gives specific, emphatic dietary advice.

Ce qui m'inquiète, c'est surtout le manque de communication.

What worries me is mostly the lack of communication.

Pinpoints the exact source of a feeling or problem.

Surtout, ne prenez aucune décision avant mon retour.

Above all, make no decisions before my return.

A firm, authoritative directive.

L'auteur critique la société moderne, s'attaquant surtout à la surconsommation.

The author critiques modern society, attacking overconsumption above all.

Used to specify the primary target of an abstract critique.

Cette mesure gouvernementale a été perçue surtout comme une manœuvre politique.

This government measure was perceived primarily as a political maneuver.

Describes the dominant interpretation of a complex event.

Il s'agit d'un défi technique, certes, mais c'est surtout un enjeu éthique.

It is a technical challenge, certainly, but it is above all an ethical issue.

Used rhetorically to shift the focus from a superficial issue to a deeper one.

Dans cette négociation, il faudra faire preuve de patience, et surtout de tact.

In this negotiation, we will need to show patience, and above all tact.

Prioritizes necessary soft skills in a professional setting.

L'impact environnemental est indéniable, touchant surtout les écosystèmes marins.

The environmental impact is undeniable, affecting marine ecosystems most of all.

Specifies the most severe consequence of a broad phenomenon.

Surtout, gardez à l'esprit que ces résultats ne sont que préliminaires.

Above all, keep in mind that these results are only preliminary.

A formal, academic warning to prevent misinterpretation.

Son discours était éloquent, mais il manquait surtout de substance.

His speech was eloquent, but it primarily lacked substance.

Highlights the main flaw in something otherwise positive.

C'est une région magnifique, connue surtout pour ses vignobles séculaires.

It is a magnificent region, known especially for its centuries-old vineyards.

Identifies the primary claim to fame of a location.

L'effondrement de l'empire fut multifactoriel, incombant surtout à une corruption endémique.

The empire's collapse was multifactorial, attributable primarily to endemic corruption.

Used in high-level historical analysis to isolate the primary cause.

Il arborait une indifférence feinte, dissimulant surtout une profonde angoisse.

He displayed a feigned indifference, concealing above all a profound anguish.

Reveals the dominant underlying truth beneath a surface appearance.

La subtilité de cette œuvre réside surtout dans ses silences non-dits.

The subtlety of this work lies primarily in its unspoken silences.

Pinpoints an abstract, highly nuanced quality of art.

Surtout, qu'on ne vienne pas me taxer d'opportunisme dans cette affaire.

Above all, let no one come and accuse me of opportunism in this matter.

A strong, defensive rhetorical stance using the subjunctive.

Cette théorie, bien que séduisante, pèche surtout par son manque de fondement empirique.

This theory, although seductive, fails primarily due to its lack of empirical foundation.

Identifies the fatal flaw in an academic argument.

L'engouement pour cette mode s'explique surtout par un mimétisme social exacerbé.

The craze for this trend is explained mostly by exacerbated social mimicry.

Provides a sophisticated sociological explanation.

Il a légué sa fortune à des œuvres caritatives, et surtout pas à ses héritiers avides.

He bequeathed his fortune to charities, and absolutely not to his greedy heirs.

Uses 'surtout pas' for a definitive, almost vindictive exclusion.

Ce qui transparaît de sa correspondance, c'est surtout une immense solitude.

What emerges from his correspondence is above all an immense solitude.

Synthesizes the primary emotional takeaway from a body of work.

자주 쓰는 조합

surtout pas

surtout quand

surtout si

surtout pour

surtout parce que

surtout le matin

surtout en hiver

surtout dans

surtout avec

surtout pas maintenant

자주 쓰는 구문

Et surtout...

Surtout pas !

Mais surtout...

C'est surtout que...

Surtout aujourd'hui

Surtout ici

Surtout lui

Surtout la nuit

Surtout en ce moment

Surtout pas ça

자주 혼동되는 단어

surtout vs spécialement

Means 'specifically' or 'for a special purpose', not 'mostly' or 'above all'.

surtout vs très

Means 'very'. 'Surtout' implies a comparison or highlighting, not just a high degree.

surtout vs seulement

Means 'only'. 'Surtout' means 'especially', implying there are other things, but this one is the most important.

관용어 및 표현

"Avant toute chose"

Before anything else. Very similar in function to 'surtout' when used as a priority marker.

Avant toute chose, je voudrais vous remercier.

formal

"Par-dessus tout"

Above all else. A slightly more poetic or emotional synonym for 'surtout'.

Il aimait sa famille par-dessus tout.

literary/emotional

"En premier lieu"

In the first place. Used to list the most important point, similar to 'surtout'.

En premier lieu, il faut assurer la sécurité.

formal

"Le plus important est de"

The most important thing is to. A longer way to express the idea of 'surtout'.

Le plus important est de participer.

neutral

"À plus forte raison"

All the more reason. Used to say 'especially because'.

Il ne faut pas sortir, à plus forte raison s'il neige.

formal

"Plus que tout"

More than anything. Used to express strong preference or desire.

Je veux réussir plus que tout.

neutral

"En particulier"

In particular. A direct synonym often placed after the noun.

J'aime les fruits, les pommes en particulier.

neutral

"Notamment"

Notably or including. Used to give a prime example.

Beaucoup de gens étaient là, notamment le maire.

formal

"Pour la plupart"

For the most part. Similar to 'surtout' when meaning 'mostly'.

Les invités étaient, pour la plupart, des amis.

neutral

"Essentiellement"

Essentially. Used to highlight the core nature of something.

C'est essentiellement un problème de temps.

formal

혼동하기 쉬운

surtout vs spécialement

Both translate to 'especially' in English in certain contexts.

'Surtout' means 'mostly' or 'above all'. 'Spécialement' means 'specifically' or 'specially'.

C'est fait spécialement pour toi (specifically for you). J'aime surtout toi (I like you above all).

surtout vs particulièrement

They are direct synonyms.

'Particulièrement' is slightly more formal and written, while 'surtout' is more common in everyday speech.

Il est particulièrement doué (formal). Il est surtout doué (neutral).

surtout vs principalement

Both can mean 'mostly'.

'Principalement' is used more for statistics, majorities, and formal descriptions. 'Surtout' is more for personal emphasis.

La population est principalement rurale. J'aime surtout la campagne.

surtout vs très

Learners use 'surtout' to mean 'very'.

'Très' increases the intensity (very tired). 'Surtout' singles something out (mostly tired, as opposed to hungry).

Je suis très fatigué (correct for 'very tired').

surtout vs seulement

Both limit the scope of a sentence.

'Seulement' excludes everything else (only). 'Surtout' highlights one thing but includes others (especially).

J'ai seulement une pomme (only one). J'aime les fruits, surtout les pommes (especially apples).

문장 패턴

[Subject] + [Verb] + [Noun], surtout + [Specific Noun].

J'aime les couleurs, surtout le bleu.

Surtout, ne + [Verb] + pas + [Object].

Surtout, ne dis pas ça.

[Subject] + est + [Adjective], surtout + [Time/Condition].

Il est fatigué, surtout le soir.

[Subject] + [Verb] + surtout parce que + [Clause].

Je lis ce livre surtout parce qu'il est drôle.

Ne + [Verb] + surtout pas + [Object].

Ne mange surtout pas ce gâteau.

C'est surtout + [Noun Phrase] + qui/que + [Clause].

C'est surtout le prix qui me dérange.

[Subject] + [Verb], s'attachant surtout à + [Infinitive/Noun].

Il a parlé, s'attachant surtout à rassurer le public.

[Clause], incombant surtout à + [Noun].

L'échec fut total, incombant surtout à son arrogance.

어휘 가족

사용법

frequency

Very High

자주 하는 실수

J'ai fait ce gâteau surtout pour toi. → J'ai fait ce gâteau spécialement pour toi.
When you do something specifically for a special purpose or person, use 'spécialement'. 'Surtout' implies you made it mostly for them, but maybe a little for others.
Je n'aime pas surtout ça. → Je n'aime surtout pas ça.
In negative sentences, 'surtout' must precede 'pas' to create the emphatic 'especially not'.
J'aime les fleurs, surtout les roses. (Pronouncing the 't') → J'aime les fleurs, surtout les roses. (Silent 't')
The final 't' in 'surtout' is never pronounced.
Je suis surtout fatigué. (Meaning: I am very tired) → Je suis très fatigué.
Do not use 'surtout' to simply mean 'very'. 'Surtout' means 'mostly' or 'especially'.
J'aime les pommes, surtouts les rouges. → J'aime les pommes, surtout les rouges.
'Surtout' is an adverb and is invariable. It never takes an 's' for plural.

팁

Invariable Word

Never add an 's' or an 'e' to 'surtout'. It is an adverb and its spelling is permanently fixed.

Silent T

Always remember to drop the final 't' when speaking. Say 'sur-too', not 'sur-toot'.

Strong Warnings

Start your sentence with 'Surtout...' when you want to give a very important piece of advice or a strict warning.

Negative Placement

Memorize the chunk 'surtout pas'. Never say 'pas surtout'. The 'surtout' must come first to mean 'especially not'.

Avoid Overuse

If you find yourself using 'surtout' in every sentence, try swapping it with 'particulièrement' or 'principalement'.

Comma Usage

When adding 'surtout' at the end of a sentence to specify a detail, precede it with a comma: 'J'aime le sport, surtout le tennis'.

Not 'Very'

Don't use 'surtout' just to amplify an adjective. Use 'très' for 'very'. Use 'surtout' to single something out.

Listen for the Pivot

When a French speaker says 'surtout', they are pivoting to their main point. Pay close attention to what follows.

Standalone Exclamation

Use 'Surtout pas !' all by itself to strongly refuse an idea in conversation. It sounds very natural.

Sur + Tout

Remember its literal translation 'over all' to help you understand its function of placing one thing above others.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'surtout' as 'SUR' (sure) + 'TOUT' (too). I am SURE I like apples TOO, but SURTOUT (especially) the red ones! Or literally: SUR (over) TOUT (all). It is the thing placed OVER ALL others.

시각적 연상

Imagine a pile of generic grey blocks (tout). Now imagine placing one bright, glowing red block ON TOP (sur) of the pile. That top block is the 'surtout' block—the one that stands out above all the rest.

Word Web

especially above all mostly sur (on) tout (all) emphasis warning surtout pas

챌린지

Next time you write a grocery list, write 'surtout' next to the one item you absolutely cannot forget to buy.

어원

The word 'surtout' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'sur' (on, over) and the adjective/pronoun 'tout' (all). It literally translates to 'over all'. It has been used in French since the Middle Ages to indicate superiority or priority.

원래 의미: Originally, it meant literally 'above everything else' in a physical or hierarchical sense, before evolving into the modern adverb of emphasis.

Romance languages, derived from Latin 'super' (over) and 'totus' (all).

문화적 맥락

There are no specific cultural sensitivities or offensive connotations associated with the word 'surtout'. It is a neutral, universally acceptable adverb.

English speakers often overuse 'very' (très) when they should use 'especially' (surtout). Remember that 'surtout' implies a comparison or a singling out, not just a high degree of something.

'Surtout, pas de zèle' (Above all, no zeal) - A famous quote attributed to the French diplomat Talleyrand, advising against over-enthusiasm in diplomacy. In many classic French novels, 'surtout' is used to pivot a paragraph from a general description to the specific focus of the scene. French news broadcasts frequently use 'surtout' to highlight the main takeaway of a complex political story.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Expressing preferences

J'aime surtout...
Je préfère surtout...
C'est surtout... que j'aime
Mon préféré est surtout...

Giving warnings

Surtout, ne fais pas...
Surtout, n'oublie pas...
Fais attention, surtout à...
Surtout pas !

Explaining reasons

C'est surtout parce que...
Surtout à cause de...
La raison est surtout...
Surtout pour...

Specifying time or conditions

Surtout quand...
Surtout si...
Surtout le matin/soir
Surtout en hiver/été

Describing people or things

Il est surtout connu pour...
Elle est surtout...
C'est surtout un problème de...
Ils sont surtout...

대화 시작하기

"Qu'est-ce que tu aimes faire le week-end, et surtout le dimanche ?"

"Quel est ton plat préféré, et surtout quel dessert ?"

"Qu'est-ce qui est le plus difficile dans l'apprentissage du français, surtout au début ?"

"Où aimes-tu voyager, et surtout dans quel pays ?"

"Qu'est-ce qu'il ne faut surtout pas faire quand on visite ta ville ?"

일기 주제

Écris sur tes passe-temps. Qu'est-ce que tu aimes faire, et surtout pourquoi ?

Décris ta saison préférée. Qu'est-ce que tu aimes le plus, et surtout quel temps préfères-tu ?

Raconte un souvenir d'enfance. Qu'est-ce qui t'a marqué, et surtout qui était avec toi ?

Quels sont tes objectifs pour cette année ? Qu'est-ce que tu veux accomplir, et surtout comment ?

Écris sur une chose que tu détestes faire. Pourquoi est-ce désagréable, et surtout quand dois-tu le faire ?

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, 'surtout' is an invariable adverb. It never changes its spelling. You will never write 'surtouts' or 'surtoute'. For example, 'J'aime les pommes, surtout les rouges'.

Yes, absolutely. When placed at the beginning, it usually acts as a strong warning or piece of advice, meaning 'Above all' or 'Whatever you do'. For example, 'Surtout, ne l'oublie pas' (Above all, don't forget it).

'Surtout' means 'mostly' or 'above all', highlighting one thing from a group. 'Spécialement' means 'specifically' or 'for a special purpose'. Use 'surtout' for preferences and 'spécialement' for intent.

You say 'surtout pas'. The placement is very strict: 'pas' must immediately follow 'surtout'. For example, 'Je ne veux surtout pas y aller'.

No, the final 't' is completely silent. It is pronounced 'sur-too'.

Yes, though it's slightly less common than modifying nouns or verbs. When it modifies an adjective, it means 'primarily' or 'mostly'. For example, 'Elle est surtout fatiguée' (She is mostly tired).

'Surtout' is neutral. It is used in all registers of French, from casual street slang to highly formal academic writing.

Like many short adverbs, it usually goes between the auxiliary verb (avoir/être) and the past participle. For example, 'Il a surtout mangé du pain'.

It is better not to. While it can imply a high degree, it specifically means 'especially' or 'mostly'. If you just want to say 'very', use 'très'.

In formal writing, 'particulièrement' (particularly) or 'principalement' (principally) are excellent alternatives to avoid repeating 'surtout'.