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A2 noun #1,500 가장 일반적인 14분 분량

時計

tokei 상위 1,500

At the CEFR A1 level, learners are introduced to the word 'tokei' (時計) as a basic, highly tangible noun representing an everyday object. The primary goal at this stage is simple recognition and the ability to use the word in foundational sentence structures. Learners are taught to identify a clock or a watch when they see one and to name it in Japanese. The vocabulary is typically introduced alongside other common classroom or household items, such as desk (tsukue), chair (isu), and book (hon). At this level, students practice using 'tokei' with basic demonstratives like kore (this), sore (that), and are (that over there). For example, they learn to say 'Kore wa tokei desu' (This is a clock) or ask 'Sore wa tokei desu ka?' (Is that a watch?). They also learn to express possession using the particle 'no', such as 'Watashi no tokei' (My watch) or 'Sensei no tokei' (The teacher's watch). The focus is entirely on the physical object itself, rather than complex actions associated with it. Teachers might point to the wall clock in the classroom to help students associate the sound 'tokei' with the object. Furthermore, learners at this stage begin to ask simple questions about the existence or location of a clock, using structures like 'Tokei wa doko desu ka?' (Where is the clock?) or 'Tokei ga arimasu ka?' (Is there a clock?). While they might not yet know the verbs for wearing or adjusting a watch, mastering the noun 'tokei' is a crucial first step. It lays the groundwork for later lessons on telling time, where the distinction between the physical clock (tokei) and the concept of time (jikan) becomes important. By the end of the A1 level, a student should confidently recognize the word 'tokei' in spoken and written hiragana/kanji, and be able to use it to identify and locate timepieces in their immediate environment.

At the CEFR A2 level, the usage of 'tokei' (時計) expands significantly as learners begin to engage in more practical, everyday communicative tasks. Moving beyond simple identification, students now learn to describe the physical attributes of clocks and watches and to use verbs associated with their basic functions. This is the stage where 'tokei' becomes an active part of their vocabulary for navigating daily life in Japan. Learners are introduced to adjectives to describe their watches, such as 'atarashii tokei' (new watch), 'furui tokei' (old watch), 'takai tokei' (expensive watch), and 'yasui tokei' (cheap watch). They learn to express desires and intentions, such as 'Atarashii tokei ga hoshii desu' (I want a new watch) or 'Tokei o kaimashita' (I bought a watch). Crucially, A2 learners are taught the specific verbs that collocate with 'tokei'. They learn that to check the time, one says 'tokei o miru' (to look at the clock), rather than translating 'check the time' literally. They also learn the verbs for wearing accessories, distinguishing 'tokei o tsukeru' (to put on a watch) from verbs used for clothing. This level also introduces practical scenarios, such as shopping for a watch, where students might ask 'Kono tokei wa ikura desu ka?' (How much is this watch?). Furthermore, learners begin to encounter compound words, particularly 'udedokei' (wristwatch) and 'mezamashidokei' (alarm clock), learning the subtle pronunciation shift (rendaku) where 'tokei' becomes 'dokei'. They practice setting alarms and discussing daily routines, incorporating the alarm clock into sentences like 'Mezamashidokei o setto shimasu' (I set the alarm clock). By mastering these practical applications, A2 learners can effectively use 'tokei' to manage their schedules, make purchases, and describe their personal belongings, reflecting a growing independence in using the Japanese language.

At the CEFR B1 level, learners possess a solid foundation in the basic uses of 'tokei' (時計) and are now ready to explore more nuanced and complex expressions related to timekeeping devices. At this intermediate stage, the focus shifts towards discussing the functionality, accuracy, and mechanical states of clocks and watches, allowing for more detailed and descriptive conversations. Learners are introduced to intransitive verbs that describe the condition of the clock itself. They learn to express when a watch is running fast using 'tokei ga susumu' (the clock advances) and when it is running slow using 'tokei ga okureru' (the clock is delayed). They also learn how to state that a clock has stopped working entirely with 'tokei ga tomaru' (the clock stops) or is broken with 'tokei ga kowareru' (the clock breaks). These expressions are vital for explaining why one might be late or for discussing the need for repairs. Furthermore, B1 students learn the transitive verb 'awaseru' to describe the action of adjusting or setting the time: 'tokei o awaseru' (to set the clock). This level also sees an expansion in vocabulary related to the components and types of watches. Learners might encounter words like 'hari' (clock hands), 'denchi' (battery), and 'denpa tokei' (radio-controlled clock). They can engage in conversations about changing a watch battery ('tokei no denchi o kōkan suru') or the convenience of a waterproof watch ('bōsui no tokei'). The cultural context of punctuality in Japan becomes more prominent in reading and listening exercises, where 'tokei' is frequently mentioned in narratives about catching trains, attending meetings, or the consequences of being late. By the end of the B1 level, learners can confidently troubleshoot issues with their timepieces in Japanese, discuss the features of different watches, and understand the critical role these devices play in maintaining the strict schedules characteristic of Japanese society.

At the CEFR B2 level, learners are expected to handle the word 'tokei' (時計) with a high degree of fluency and accuracy, incorporating it into complex sentence structures and understanding its use in more abstract or idiomatic contexts. At this upper-intermediate stage, the vocabulary surrounding 'tokei' becomes more specialized, and learners can engage in detailed discussions about horology, personal preferences, and the metaphorical uses of the word. B2 learners can comfortably discuss the internal mechanics of watches, distinguishing between 'kikai-shiki tokei' (mechanical watches), 'kuōtsu tokei' (quartz watches), and 'jidō-maki tokei' (automatic watches). They can articulate the reasons for preferring a traditional analog watch over a digital smartwatch, using sophisticated grammar to express opinions and comparisons. This level also introduces idiomatic and metaphorical expressions. A prominent example is 'haradokei' (腹時計), literally 'belly clock', which refers to one's biological clock or the feeling of knowing it's time to eat because one is hungry. Understanding and using such terms demonstrates a deeper cultural and linguistic immersion. Furthermore, B2 students encounter 'tokei' in formal and professional contexts. They can read and understand technical manuals for electronic devices that include clock functions, or comprehend news articles discussing the watchmaking industry in Japan, such as the historical impact of Seiko's quartz revolution. They are capable of using precise terminology to describe repairs, such as 'tokei no ōbāhōru' (watch overhaul) or 'bando no chōsei' (band adjustment). The ability to seamlessly integrate 'tokei' into hypothetical scenarios, conditional statements, and passive constructions is a hallmark of this level. For instance, they can say 'Moshi tokei ga kowarete inakereba, chikoku shimasen deshita' (If my watch hadn't been broken, I wouldn't have been late). By mastering these advanced applications, B2 learners demonstrate a comprehensive command of the word 'tokei' across a wide spectrum of practical, technical, and cultural contexts.

At the CEFR C1 level, learners possess an advanced, near-native proficiency in using the word 'tokei' (時計). At this stage, the focus is no longer on basic communication or practical troubleshooting, but rather on the ability to engage with the concept of timekeeping on a philosophical, historical, and highly technical level. C1 learners can comprehend and produce complex texts where 'tokei' serves as a central theme or a powerful metaphor. They can read and analyze literature, essays, and historical documents that discuss the evolution of time measurement in Japan, such as the transition from the traditional 'wadokei' (Japanese clocks based on temporal hours) to Western mechanical clocks during the Meiji period. They possess the vocabulary to discuss the intricate craftsmanship of high-end horology, using terms related to escapements, tourbillons, and complications, often engaging with specialized Japanese watch magazines or collector forums. Furthermore, C1 learners can navigate highly abstract and metaphorical uses of the word. They understand phrases like 'tokei no hari o modosu' (to turn back the hands of the clock), used metaphorically to express a desire to return to the past or undo an action. They can discuss the societal pressures of time, the concept of being a slave to the clock, and the psychological impact of modern, hyper-scheduled lifestyles. In spoken Japanese, they can deliver presentations or participate in debates regarding the future of timekeeping, the obsolescence of traditional watches in the age of smartphones, or the status symbolism associated with luxury timepieces. Their use of grammar is sophisticated, employing complex subordinate clauses and nuanced expressions of modality to convey precise shades of meaning. The C1 learner's command of 'tokei' reflects a deep intellectual engagement with the Japanese language, allowing them to explore the profound intersections of time, technology, and human experience.

At the CEFR C2 level, the mastery of the word 'tokei' (時計) and its associated concepts is absolute, reflecting a level of fluency and cultural understanding equivalent to that of a highly educated native speaker. At this pinnacle of language proficiency, learners can effortlessly manipulate the word in the most demanding and sophisticated contexts, ranging from classical literature and poetry to highly specialized academic discourse. C2 learners can appreciate the subtle literary nuances of 'tokei' in Japanese fiction, where a ticking clock might be used as a literary device to build tension, symbolize mortality, or represent the inexorable passage of time. They can understand archaic or highly specialized terms related to ancient timekeeping methods, such as 'suikō' (water clocks) or 'hidokei' (sundials), and discuss their historical significance in the context of Japanese civilization. They are capable of writing academic papers or critical essays on the sociology of time in Japan, analyzing how the strict adherence to the 'tokei' has shaped modern Japanese corporate culture and social behavior. In conversation, C2 speakers can engage in profound philosophical discussions about the nature of time itself, seamlessly integrating the concept of the 'tokei' as a human construct designed to impose order on the universe. They can use humor, irony, and wordplay involving timekeeping terminology, demonstrating an intuitive grasp of the language's deepest rhythms. They are completely comfortable with all idiomatic, regional, and historical variations of the word and its related concepts. At this level, 'tokei' is not merely a vocabulary item to be translated; it is a conceptual tool used to explore and articulate the most complex and abstract ideas within the Japanese cultural and linguistic landscape. The C2 learner's ability to wield this word demonstrates a complete and profound integration into the Japanese linguistic ecosystem.

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

時計 30초 만에

Means 'clock' or 'watch'.
Physical device, not abstract time.
Uses verbs like miru (look), awaseru (set).
Crucial for Japanese punctuality.

The Japanese word 'tokei' (時計) is a fundamental noun that translates directly to 'clock' or 'watch' in English. It is an essential vocabulary item for any learner of the Japanese language, typically introduced at the CEFR A2 level due to its ubiquitous presence in daily life and its critical role in scheduling, punctuality, and basic communication. Understanding the concept of 'tokei' goes beyond merely knowing its English equivalent; it involves delving into the etymology of the kanji characters that comprise the word, exploring the various types of timekeeping devices it represents, and appreciating the cultural significance of time management in Japanese society. The word is composed of two distinct kanji characters: '時' (ji or toki), which means 'time' or 'hour', and '計' (kei or haka-ru), which means 'to measure', 'to plan', or 'meter'. When combined, these characters literally translate to 'time measurer' or 'time meter', perfectly encapsulating the function of a clock or watch. This logical construction is a hallmark of many Japanese compound words, making them relatively intuitive to learn once the basic kanji are understood.

Kanji Breakdown: The first character 時 (time) and the second character 計 (measure) combine to form the concept of a device that measures time.

In practical usage, 'tokei' serves as a hypernym, an umbrella term that encompasses a wide variety of specific timekeeping devices. For instance, a wristwatch is specifically called 'udedokei' (腕時計), where 'ude' means arm or wrist. A wall clock is known as 'kakedokei' (掛け時計), derived from the verb 'kakeru' (to hang). An alarm clock is referred to as 'mezamashidokei' (目覚まし時計), incorporating the concept of waking up. Despite these specific terms, the general word 'tokei' is frequently used in everyday conversation to refer to any of these devices, relying on context to clarify the exact type.

部屋に大きな時計があります。

The cultural context of 'tokei' in Japan cannot be overstated. Japan is globally renowned for its strict adherence to punctuality, a cultural trait that permeates every aspect of society, from the legendary precision of its public transportation systems, such as the Shinkansen (bullet trains), to the expectations placed on individuals in academic and professional settings. Being on time is not merely a matter of convenience; it is considered a fundamental sign of respect for others' time and a reflection of one's reliability and professionalism. Consequently, the 'tokei' is an indispensable tool for navigating Japanese life. Historically, the concept of timekeeping in Japan underwent significant transformations. Before the adoption of the Gregorian calendar and the Western 24-hour time system during the Meiji Restoration in the late 19th century, Japan used a complex temporal hour system based on the seasons and the movement of the sun. The introduction of Western mechanical clocks revolutionized how time was perceived and measured, leading to the widespread adoption of the modern 'tokei'. Today, Japan is home to some of the world's most prestigious and innovative watchmakers, such as Seiko, Citizen, and Casio, who have made groundbreaking contributions to horology, including the invention of the quartz watch.

Historical Context: The transition to Western timekeeping methods in the Meiji era fundamentally changed Japanese society and the importance of the clock.

この時計はスイス製です。

父から古い時計をもらいました。

When learning how to use 'tokei' in sentences, it is important to familiarize oneself with the specific verbs that commonly collocate with it. For example, to check the time is 'tokei o miru' (時計を見る), literally 'to look at the clock'. To set a watch is 'tokei o awaseru' (時計を合わせる). If a watch is running fast, one says 'tokei ga susumu' (時計が進む), and if it is running slow, 'tokei ga okureru' (時計が遅れる). If it has stopped completely, the phrase is 'tokei ga tomaru' (時計が止まる).

Common Verbs: Verbs like miru (look), awaseru (adjust), susumu (advance), and okureru (delay) are essential when talking about clocks.

私の時計は５分遅れています。

駅の時計を見てください。

In conclusion, 'tokei' is much more than a simple vocabulary word; it is a gateway to understanding Japanese culture, history, and daily life. Its frequent appearance in everyday conversation, combined with its cultural weight regarding punctuality and precision, makes it an indispensable term for learners to master early in their Japanese language journey.

Using the word 'tokei' (時計) correctly in Japanese involves understanding not only its basic meaning as a noun but also the specific grammatical structures, verbs, and particles that commonly accompany it. As a physical object, 'tokei' behaves like any other standard noun in Japanese, but its function as a timekeeping device dictates a unique set of collocations that learners must master to sound natural and fluent. First and foremost, when referring to the act of checking the time, Japanese speakers do not typically say 'look at the time' in a literal sense; instead, they say 'look at the clock' or 'look at the watch'. This is expressed using the phrase 'tokei o miru' (時計を見る). The particle 'o' (を) marks 'tokei' as the direct object of the verb 'miru' (to see/look). This is a highly frequent expression used in daily life, whether you are checking your wristwatch, glancing at a wall clock in an office, or looking at the digital clock on your smartphone screen.

Checking Time: Use 'tokei o miru' to express the action of checking what time it is, rather than translating 'check the time' literally.

彼は何度も時計を見ました。

Another crucial set of verbs relates to the accuracy and functioning of the clock. If a watch is running fast, the Japanese expression is 'tokei ga susumu' (時計が進む), where 'susumu' means to advance or go forward. Conversely, if a watch is running slow, the phrase is 'tokei ga okureru' (時計が遅れる), with 'okureru' meaning to be delayed or fall behind. Notice that in these cases, the particle 'ga' (が) is used because the clock itself is the subject performing the action of advancing or delaying. If a clock has stopped working entirely, you would say 'tokei ga tomaru' (時計が止まる).

Clock Accuracy: Use the intransitive verbs susumu (advance) and okureru (delay) with the particle 'ga' to describe a clock's accuracy.

この時計は少し進んでいます。

電池が切れて時計が止まった。

When it comes to wearing a watch, Japanese distinguishes between different types of clothing and accessories. You cannot use the verb 'kiru' (着る), which is used for shirts and jackets, nor 'haku' (履く), which is used for shoes and pants. Instead, to put on a wristwatch, you use the verb 'tsukeru' (つける) or 'hameru' (はめる). Thus, 'to wear a watch' is 'tokei o tsukeru' (時計をつける). To take off a watch, the verb 'hazusu' (外す) is used, resulting in 'tokei o hazusu' (時計を外す).

Wearing Accessories: Accessories attached to the body, like watches and rings, use the verbs tsukeru or hameru.

彼はいつも高価な時計をつけている。

寝る前に時計を外します。

Furthermore, 'tokei' is often modified by adjectives to describe its appearance, value, or function. You might hear 'atarashii tokei' (新しい時計 - new watch), 'furui tokei' (古い時計 - old watch), 'takai tokei' (高い時計 - expensive watch), or 'kowareta tokei' (壊れた時計 - broken watch). It can also be combined with other nouns to specify the type, such as 'kabe-dokei' (壁時計 - wall clock) or 'mezamashi-dokei' (目覚まし時計 - alarm clock), where the 't' in tokei often undergoes sequential voicing (rendaku) to become 'dokei'. Mastering these combinations and collocations will significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively about time and timepieces in Japanese, allowing you to navigate daily schedules and conversations with ease and natural fluency.

The word 'tokei' (時計) is ubiquitous in Japanese daily life, and you will hear it in a wide variety of contexts, ranging from casual conversations at home to formal announcements in public spaces. Because Japan is a society that places a premium on punctuality and precise scheduling, references to clocks, watches, and timekeeping are incredibly common. One of the most frequent places you will encounter the word 'tokei' is in the context of public transportation. Japanese train stations are famous for their large, highly visible analog clocks, often manufactured by Seiko or Citizen, which serve as the definitive timekeepers for millions of commuters. You might hear station attendants or automated announcements advising passengers to check the station clock, or friends reminding each other to meet 'under the big clock' at a specific station, such as the famous Silver Bell meeting spot at Tokyo Station.

Meeting Spots: Large clocks at major train stations often serve as popular and easily identifiable meeting spots for friends and colleagues.

駅の大きな時計の下で待ち合わせましょう。

In educational settings, from elementary schools to universities, the 'tokei' dictates the rhythm of the day. Teachers frequently refer to the classroom wall clock to manage lesson times, signal the start or end of exams, or remind students of upcoming breaks. A common phrase heard in classrooms is 'tokei o mite kudasai' (時計を見てください - please look at the clock), used by teachers to draw students' attention to the remaining time for a task. The school chime, which rings precisely according to the school's master clock, is a defining sound of Japanese education.

School Life: The classroom clock is the ultimate authority on the daily schedule, dictating when lessons begin and end.

教室の時計が鳴りました。

The workplace is another environment where 'tokei' is a constant presence. In Japanese corporate culture, being acutely aware of the time is essential. Employees often check their wristwatches or computer clocks to ensure they are not late for meetings, which typically start exactly on the minute. You might hear colleagues discussing whether the office clock is accurate, saying things like 'kono tokei wa tadashii desu ka?' (この時計は正しいですか？ - is this clock correct?). Furthermore, a high-quality wristwatch is often considered a status symbol and a standard part of professional business attire for men in Japan, leading to conversations about watch brands and styles among coworkers.

会議室の時計を直してください。

Retail environments, particularly department stores and electronics shops like Yodobashi Camera or Bic Camera, have massive sections dedicated entirely to 'tokei'. Here, you will hear sales clerks discussing the features of various watches, from solar-powered movements to radio-controlled accuracy. Customers might ask 'kono tokei wa bosui desu ka?' (この時計は防水ですか？ - is this watch waterproof?).

Shopping: Electronics stores in Japan have dedicated 'tokei' floors offering thousands of models.

デパートで新しい時計を探しています。

あの店の時計はとても高いです。

Finally, in the home, the 'mezamashidokei' (alarm clock) is a daily necessity. Families might discuss setting the alarm for the next morning, complaining that the alarm clock didn't go off, or mentioning that the wall clock in the living room needs a new battery. In all these scenarios, the word 'tokei' is deeply woven into the fabric of everyday communication, reflecting a society that moves with remarkable precision and coordination.

When learning the Japanese word 'tokei' (時計), students often encounter several common pitfalls and misunderstandings, primarily stemming from direct translation habits from English and confusion with related Japanese terms. One of the most frequent mistakes is confusing 'tokei' (clock/watch) with 'jikan' (時間), which means 'time' or 'hours'. In English, we often use the word 'time' interchangeably with the device that measures it, such as asking 'Do you have the time?' while pointing to a watch. In Japanese, this distinction is strict. You cannot ask 'Tokei ga arimasu ka?' (時計がありますか？) to mean 'Do you have time (to talk)?'; this literally means 'Do you own a clock/watch?'. If you want to ask someone if they have free time, you must use 'jikan': 'Jikan ga arimasu ka?' (時間がありますか？).

Tokei vs Jikan: Never use 'tokei' when you mean the abstract concept of time or a duration of hours; always use 'jikan' for those meanings.

すみません、今時計を持っていません。

Another common error involves the verbs used for wearing a watch. English speakers naturally want to use the verb 'to wear', which they often learn early on as 'kiru' (着る). However, 'kiru' is strictly reserved for clothing worn on the upper body, like shirts and jackets. Using 'tokei o kiru' (時計を着る) sounds nonsensical to a Japanese speaker, akin to saying 'I am wearing a watch as a shirt'. The correct verbs for attaching accessories to the body, including watches, rings, and earrings, are 'tsukeru' (つける) or 'hameru' (はめる). Therefore, 'I am wearing a watch' should be translated as 'Tokei o tsukete imasu' (時計をつけています).

Wearing Verbs: Avoid using 'kiru' (to wear clothes) for watches. Always use 'tsukeru' or 'hameru' for accessories.

彼はいつも同じ時計をつけている。

Furthermore, learners sometimes struggle with how to express checking the time. In English, we say 'check the time'. If a learner translates this directly, they might say 'jikan o chekku suru' (時間をチェックする) or 'jikan o kakunin suru' (時間を確認する). While these are grammatically correct and understandable, they sound a bit formal or mechanical. The most natural, everyday way to express this action is simply 'tokei o miru' (時計を見る), which literally means 'to look at the clock/watch'.

授業中に時計を見ないでください。

スマホの時計を確認しました。

Another subtle mistake is related to pronunciation and sequential voicing (rendaku). When 'tokei' is combined with another word to form a compound noun, the 't' sound often changes to a 'd' sound. For example, 'mezamashi' (wake up) + 'tokei' becomes 'mezamashidokei' (目覚まし時計), and 'ude' (arm) + 'tokei' becomes 'udedokei' (腕時計). Forgetting this sound change is a common pronunciation error that marks the speaker as a beginner.

Rendaku (Voicing): Remember that in compound words, 'tokei' often changes pronunciation to 'dokei'.

新しい腕時計が欲しいです。

By being aware of these common mistakes—distinguishing 'tokei' from 'jikan', using the correct verbs for wearing and checking, and applying rendaku in compound words—learners can significantly improve the naturalness and accuracy of their Japanese when discussing timepieces.

In Japanese, the vocabulary surrounding time and timekeeping is rich and nuanced. While 'tokei' (時計) is the primary word for the physical device used to measure time, there are several related terms that learners must distinguish to communicate accurately. Understanding the subtle differences between these words is crucial for achieving fluency and avoiding awkward misunderstandings. The most common point of confusion, as mentioned previously, is between 'tokei' and 'jikan' (時間). While 'tokei' refers exclusively to the physical clock or watch, 'jikan' refers to the abstract concept of time itself, or a duration of hours. For instance, you use 'jikan' when saying 'I don't have time' (jikan ga nai) or 'It takes three hours' (san jikan kakaru). You cannot substitute 'tokei' in these sentences.

Jikan (時間): Refers to time as an abstract concept or a duration, unlike tokei which is the physical object.

あの時計は正確に時間を刻む。

Another closely related word is 'jikoku' (時刻). While 'jikan' can mean a duration, 'jikoku' specifically refers to an exact point in time, a specific moment on the clock. It is a more formal word, often used in official schedules, train timetables, or news broadcasts. For example, a train announcement might say 'The scheduled time of arrival is...' using 'tochaku jikoku' (到着時刻). While a 'tokei' displays the 'jikoku', the two words are not interchangeable. You look at a 'tokei' to find out the 'jikoku'.

Jikoku (時刻): A formal term for an exact point in time or a scheduled time, often seen on timetables.

現在の時刻は、時計の針が示す通りです。

In modern Japanese, loanwords from English (gairaigo) are also prevalent. The word 'taimu' (タイム) is frequently used, but usually in the context of sports (measuring a runner's time), taking a break ('time out'), or in compound words like 'taimu rimitto' (time limit). You would not use 'taimu' to refer to a clock on the wall. Similarly, 'taimaa' (タイマー) refers specifically to a countdown timer, such as a kitchen timer or the timer function on a smartphone, rather than a device that tells the current time of day.

Taimaa (タイマー): A timer used for counting down a specific duration, distinct from a standard clock.

キッチンタイマーと壁の時計を使います。

ストップウォッチは特別な時計の一種です。

Lastly, there is the word 'kikan' (期間), which means a period or timeframe, such as the duration of a contract or a school term. This is entirely different from 'tokei' but is part of the broader vocabulary of time management. By clearly distinguishing 'tokei' (the physical device) from 'jikan' (abstract time/duration), 'jikoku' (exact point in time), and various loanwords like 'taimaa', learners can navigate Japanese conversations about time with precision and confidence, reflecting the cultural importance placed on accuracy in Japan.

How Formal Is It?

격식체

난이도

알아야 할 문법

수준별 예문

これは時計です。

This is a clock.

Basic A is B structure using kore and desu.

あれは時計ですか？

Is that a clock over there?

Question particle 'ka' at the end.

私の時計です。

It is my watch.

Possessive particle 'no'.

時計はどこですか？

Where is the clock?

Using 'doko' (where) to ask for location.

部屋に時計があります。

There is a clock in the room.

Using 'arimasu' for existence of inanimate objects.

大きい時計ですね。

It's a big clock, isn't it?

Adjective 'ookii' modifying the noun, with agreement particle 'ne'.

時計を見ます。

I look at the clock.

Direct object particle 'o' with verb 'miru'.

それは先生の時計です。

That is the teacher's watch.

Demonstrative 'sore' and possessive 'no'.

新しい時計を買いました。

I bought a new watch.

Past tense verb 'kaimashita'.

この時計はいくらですか？

How much is this watch?

Using 'ikura' to ask for price.

毎日、時計をつけます。

I put on a watch every day.

Verb 'tsukeru' used for wearing accessories.

目覚まし時計をセットしました。

I set the alarm clock.

Compound noun 'mezamashidokei' and loanword verb 'setto suru'.

駅の時計を見てください。

Please look at the station clock.

Te-form + kudasai for a polite request.

私の時計は安いです。

My watch is cheap.

I-adjective 'yasui' describing the noun.

時計がありませんから、時間がわかりません。

Because I don't have a watch, I don't know the time.

Conjunction 'kara' for reason.

どんな時計が欲しいですか？

What kind of watch do you want?

Question word 'donna' and adjective 'hoshii'.

この時計は５分進んでいます。

This clock is 5 minutes fast.

Intransitive verb 'susumu' in te-iru form indicating current state.

時計の電池が切れたようです。

It seems the watch battery has died.

Noun 'denchi' (battery) and 'yō desu' for conjecture.

防水の時計なので、プールでも使えます。

Because it's a waterproof watch, I can use it even in the pool.

Noun modifier 'bōsui no' and potential form 'tsukaemasu'.

時計を落として、壊してしまいました。

I dropped my watch and broke it completely.

Te-form sequence and 'shimau' indicating regret.

日本の電車は時計のように正確です。

Japanese trains are as accurate as a clock.

Simile using 'no yō ni'.

会議の前に時計を合わせました。

I set my watch before the meeting.

Transitive verb 'awaseru' (to adjust/set).

彼はいつも高価な腕時計をしています。

He is always wearing an expensive wristwatch.

Using 'shite iru' as an alternative to 'tsukete iru' for wearing accessories.

壁掛け時計の音が気になって眠れません。

The sound of the wall clock bothers me and I can't sleep.

Compound noun 'kabekakedokei' and phrase 'ki ni naru'.

スマートフォンがある現代でも、腕時計の需要は減っていない。

Even in the modern era with smartphones, the demand for wristwatches has not decreased.

Contrastive context and formal vocabulary like 'juyō' (demand).

このアンティーク時計は、定期的なオーバーホールが必要です。

This antique watch requires a regular overhaul.

Technical loanword 'ōbāhōru' and formal noun 'hitsuyō'.

腹時計が鳴っているので、そろそろお昼にしましょう。

My biological clock is ringing, so let's have lunch soon.

Idiomatic expression 'haradokei' (belly clock).

彼は時計を気にしながら、そわそわと待っていた。

He was waiting restlessly, constantly worrying about the time (checking his watch).

Phrase 'tokei o ki ni suru' (to worry about the clock/time) with 'nagara'.

正確な時を刻む電波時計は、ビジネスマンにとって必須のアイテムだ。

A radio-controlled watch that keeps exact time is an essential item for businessmen.

Relative clause modifying 'denpa tokei' and formal vocabulary 'hissu'.

祖父の形見の懐中時計を大切に保管しています。

I carefully keep the pocket watch that is a memento of my grandfather.

Vocabulary 'katami' (memento) and 'kaichūdokei' (pocket watch).

時計の針が深夜12時を指したとき、停電が起きた。

When the clock's hands pointed to midnight, a power outage occurred.

Specific vocabulary 'tokei no hari' (clock hands) and verb 'sasu' (to point).

時差を計算して、デュアルタイムの時計を海外出張に持っていく。

Calculating the time difference, I will take a dual-time watch on my overseas business trip.

Advanced vocabulary 'jisa' (time difference) and 'dyuaru taimu'.

時計の歴史を紐解くと、人類がいかに時間を支配しようと試みてきたかがわかる。

Unraveling the history of clocks reveals how humanity has attempted to control time.

Literary verb 'himotoku' (to unravel/read) and embedded question 'ikani... ka'.

あの出来事は、まるで時計の針を逆戻りさせたかのような衝撃を与えた。

That event delivered a shock as if it had turned back the hands of the clock.

Metaphorical phrase 'tokei no hari o gyakumodori saseru' and simile 'marude... ka no yō na'.

精巧な機械式時計のムーブメントは、小宇宙と呼ぶにふさわしい美しさを持っている。

The movement of an elaborate mechanical watch possesses a beauty fitting to be called a microcosm.

Technical term 'mūbumento' and advanced grammar '...to yobu ni fusawashii'.

現代社会は、時計という名の見えない鎖に縛られていると言っても過言ではない。

It is no exaggeration to say that modern society is bound by an invisible chain called the clock.

Metaphorical structure '...to iu na no' and formal expression '...to itte mo kagon de wa nai'.

和時計の不定時法は、自然の摂理と人間の生活が見事に調和したシステムであった。

The unequal temporal hour system of traditional Japanese clocks was a system where the laws of nature and human life were beautifully harmonized.

Historical terminology 'wadokei' and 'futeijihō'.

彼の体内時計は完全に狂っており、昼夜逆転の生活を送っている。

His internal biological clock is completely out of order, and he lives a life where day and night are reversed.

Term 'tainai tokei' (internal clock) and verb 'kuruu' (to go out of order).

スイスの時計産業は、クォーツショックという未曾有の危機を乗り越えて復活を遂げた。

The Swiss watch industry achieved a revival after overcoming the unprecedented crisis known as the Quartz Shock.

Historical/economic terminology 'kuōtsu shokku' and formal verb 'togeru'.

時間を計るという時計の本来の目的を超え、それは今や自己表現の手段となっている。

Going beyond the clock's original purpose of measuring time, it has now become a means of self-expression.

Formal structure '...o koe' and vocabulary 'jiko hyōgen' (self-expression).

古時計の重々しい振り子の音が、静寂な洋館に虚しく響き渡っていた。

The heavy sound of the old clock's pendulum echoed hollowly through the silent Western-style mansion.

Literary descriptive vocabulary 'omoomoshii' (heavy) and 'hibikiwataru' (to echo).

時計仕掛けのオレンジという作品は、管理社会における人間の自由意志の喪失を鋭く抉り出している。

The work 'A Clockwork Orange' sharply exposes the loss of human free will in a controlled society.

Idiomatic phrase 'tokeijikake' (clockwork) and advanced critical vocabulary 'eguridasu'.

砂時計の砂が落ち尽くすかのように、彼の命の灯火は静かに消えようとしていた。

As if the sand in an hourglass were running out, the flame of his life was quietly about to extinguish.

Poetic simile using 'sunadokei' (hourglass) and 'inochi no tomoshibi' (flame of life).

アインシュタインの相対性理論は、宇宙における絶対的な時計の存在を否定し、時間の概念を根底から覆した。

Einstein's theory of relativity denied the existence of an absolute clock in the universe, fundamentally overturning the concept of time.

Academic/scientific discourse using 'zettaiteki na tokei' (absolute clock).

日時計が示す影の長さから、古代の人々は季節の移ろいと宇宙の雄大なサイクルを読み取っていた。

From the length of the shadow cast by a sundial, ancient people read the changing of the seasons and the grand cycle of the universe.

Historical term 'hidokei' (sundial) and poetic vocabulary 'utsuroi' (changing/fading).

その職人は、ルーペ越しに時計の微小な歯車と対話するかのように、気の遠くなるような作業を黙々と続けていた。

The craftsman, as if conversing with the microscopic gears of the watch through his loupe, silently continued his mind-bogglingly tedious work.

Highly descriptive narrative style using 'kino tōku naru yō na' (mind-boggling).

資本主義社会において、時計は労働者を規律化し、生産性を極限まで搾取するための冷徹な装置として機能してきた。

In capitalist society, the clock has functioned as a cold-hearted device to discipline workers and exploit productivity to the absolute limit.

Sociological/Marxist critique terminology 'kiritsuka' (discipline) and 'sakushu' (exploitation).

彼は、止まったままの懐中時計を掌で包み込み、二度と戻らないあの日の記憶に深く沈潜していった。

Wrapping the stopped pocket watch in his palm, he sank deeply into the memories of that day that would never return.

Advanced literary verb 'chinsen suru' (to sink deeply into thought) and emotional resonance.

자주 쓰는 조합

時計を見る

時計を合わせる

時計が進む

時計が遅れる

時計が止まる

時計をつける

時計を外す

時計が鳴る

正確な時計

壊れた時計

자주 쓰는 구문

時計の針

腹時計

時計回り

反時計回り

時計仕掛け

体内時計

時計の電池を替える

時計を気にする

時計を直す

時計が狂う

자주 혼동되는 단어

時計 vs 時間 (jikan - time)

時計 vs 時刻 (jikoku - exact time)

時計 vs タイマー (taimaa - timer)

관용어 및 표현

혼동하기 쉬운

時計 vs

문장 패턴

사용법

note

While 'tokei' is the general term, native speakers often specify 'udedokei' (wristwatch) or 'mezamashi' (alarm) when the context requires it.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'tokei' to mean 'time' (e.g., saying 'tokei ga nai' when you mean 'I don't have time').
Using the verb 'kiru' (着る) to wear a watch instead of 'tsukeru' (つける).
Forgetting the rendaku voicing in compound words (saying 'udetokei' instead of 'udedokei').
Translating 'check the time' as 'jikan o chekku suru' instead of the natural 'tokei o miru'.
Confusing the kanji 計 with similar-looking kanji like 汁 or 針.

팁

Particle Choice

Always use 'o' (を) when you are acting upon the clock (e.g., tokei o miru - look at the clock). Use 'ga' (が) when the clock is doing the action (e.g., tokei ga tomaru - the clock stops).

Rendaku Rule

Memorize the common compounds that use 'dokei': udedokei (wristwatch), kakedokei (wall clock), mezamashidokei (alarm clock), okidokei (table clock).

Punctuality

In Japan, the clock is king. Always aim to arrive 5-10 minutes before a scheduled meeting. Blaming a broken 'tokei' is rarely accepted as a valid excuse for being late.

Checking Time

Don't translate 'check the time' directly. Native speakers simply say 'tokei o miru' (look at the clock). It sounds much more natural.

Pitch Accent

Tokei has a 'heiban' (flat) pitch accent. Start low on 'to', go high on 'ke', and stay high on 'i'. Do not drop the pitch at the end.

Kanji Meaning

Remember the kanji: 時 (time) + 計 (measure). This logical combination will help you remember the word and understand other words containing these characters.

Belly Clock

Use the phrase 'haradokei ga natte iru' (my belly clock is ringing) as a fun, natural way to say you are hungry around mealtime.

Watch Shopping

When shopping for a watch in Japan, look for 'denpa tokei' (radio-controlled watches). They are very popular because they automatically sync to the exact time.

Wearing Verbs

Create a mental category for 'accessories'. Watches, rings, and earrings all use 'tsukeru', completely separate from clothing verbs like 'kiru' or 'haku'.

Battery Dead

If your watch stops, the most common phrase to use at a shop is 'denchi ga kiremashita' (the battery died) to ask for a replacement.

암기하기

기억법

To keep (tokei) track of time, you need a clock.

어원

Sino-Japanese compound (Kango).

문화적 맥락

Giving a clock as a gift can sometimes be seen as a reminder that 'time is running out', though this superstition is fading.

Being 5 minutes early is considered 'on time' in Japanese business culture.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"素敵な時計ですね。どこのブランドですか？ (That's a nice watch. What brand is it?)"

"すみません、今時計を持っていますか？ (Excuse me, do you have a watch on you now?)"

"この部屋の時計、合っていますか？ (Is the clock in this room correct?)"

"毎朝、目覚まし時計を何時にセットしますか？ (What time do you set your alarm clock every morning?)"

"スマートウォッチと普通の時計、どちらが好きですか？ (Do you prefer smartwatches or regular watches?)"

일기 주제

Describe your favorite watch or clock. Why is it special to you?

Write about a time when your clock was wrong and it caused a problem.

Discuss the importance of clocks in modern society compared to the past.

Do you prefer analog or digital clocks? Explain your preference.

Write a short story about a magical clock that can stop time.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No. If you ask 'Tokei ga arimasu ka?', you are asking 'Do you own a watch?'. To ask for the time, say 'Ima nan-ji desu ka?' (What time is it now?).

Tokei is the physical object (the clock or watch). Jikan is the abstract concept of time or a duration of hours. You look at a tokei to know the jikan.

This is a phonetic rule in Japanese called 'rendaku' (sequential voicing). When two words combine to form a compound, the first consonant of the second word often becomes voiced (t becomes d) for easier pronunciation. Hence, ude + tokei = udedokei.

Use 'tsukeru' (つける) or 'hameru' (はめる). Do not use 'kiru' (着る), which is strictly for clothing worn on the upper body like shirts.

If it is fast, use 'susumu' (進む): Tokei ga susunde imasu. If it is slow, use 'okureru' (遅れる): Tokei ga okurete imasu.

For general clocks, use 'ko' (個). For wristwatches, because they are long and strap-like, you can use 'hon' (本), though 'ko' is also understood.

Yes, a smartwatch is often called 'sumāto wotchi' (スマートウォッチ), but it is still fundamentally a type of 'tokei'. You can refer to it as 'tokei' in general conversation.

You can say 'mezamashidokei o setto suru' (目覚まし時計をセットする) or 'mezamashidokei o awaseru' (目覚まし時計を合わせる).

It literally translates to 'belly clock'. It is an idiom used to describe your biological clock telling you it's time to eat because you feel hungry.

Yes. An analog clock is 'anarogu tokei' (アナログ時計) and a digital clock is 'dejitaru tokei' (デジタル時計).