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A2 verb 10분 분량

indignar-se

예시 indignar-se 30초 만에
설명 indignar-se in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of 'indignar-se' as a way to say you are 'very, very angry' because something is not fair. It is a special kind of anger. Imagine someone takes your toy and the teacher says it is okay. You feel 'indignado'. In Portuguese, we say 'Eu me indigno' (I get outraged). At this level, just remember that it is stronger than 'bravo' (mad) and it's about things being 'not fair' (não é justo). You use it with the word 'com' (with). For example: 'Eu me indigno com a mentira' (I get outraged with the lie). It's a big word for a big feeling!
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At the A2 level, you should start using 'indignar-se' as a reflexive verb. This means you always need the little words: me, te, se, nos. For example: 'Ela se indignou' (She got outraged). You use this word when you see something wrong in the world, like someone being mean to an animal or someone lying to get money. It is more formal than 'ficar com raiva'. You will hear it on the news. Remember the pattern: [Subject] + [Reflexive Pronoun] + [Verb Indignar] + 'com' + [The thing that made you angry]. Example: 'Nós nos indignamos com o preço do pão' (We are outraged at the price of bread).
By B1, you should understand that 'indignar-se' is about moral judgment. It's not just an emotion; it's a reaction to a lack of 'dignidade' (dignity). You can use it in the past tense to describe reactions: 'Eu me indignei quando vi o lixo na praia.' You should also recognize the noun form 'indignação'. At this level, you can start using it in 'if' sentences (Conditionals): 'Eu me indignaria se isso acontecesse comigo' (I would be outraged if that happened to me). Notice how it is used in more serious conversations about society, work, and ethics.
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At the B2 level, you can use 'indignar-se' to express complex social and political opinions. You should be comfortable with pronoun placement in both Brazilian and European Portuguese. You might use it in the Subjunctive mood to express feelings about others: 'É necessário que a população se indigne contra a injustiça' (It is necessary that the population becomes outraged against injustice). You should be able to distinguish it from synonyms like 'revoltar-se' (to rebel) or 'exasperar-se' (to become extremely frustrated). You will see this verb in editorials and hear it in formal interviews.
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At C1, 'indignar-se' becomes a tool for sophisticated rhetoric. You can use it to discuss historical movements, such as the 'Indignados' in Spain or similar movements in Portugal. You understand the nuances of using it without a preposition or with more literary ones like 'perante'. You can use the verb to describe a collective state: 'Houve um processo de se indignar coletivamente.' You also recognize its presence in classical Portuguese literature, where it might appear in the 'mesóclise' form in very formal European contexts: 'Indignar-me-ia se tal facto fosse verdade' (I would be outraged if such a fact were true).
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At the C2 level, you have a complete grasp of 'indignar-se' and its philosophical implications. You can discuss the 'ethics of indignation' and use the verb in highly abstract contexts. You are aware of its etymological roots (in- + dignus) and how this informs its meaning of 'deeming something unworthy.' You can use it with subtle irony or within complex legal and academic arguments. You are also familiar with how the verb's usage has evolved in different Lusophone countries, reflecting varying social tensions and the public's relationship with authority and justice.
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예시

indignar-se 30초 만에

  • Indignar-se is a reflexive verb meaning to feel outrage or moral anger due to a perceived injustice or unfairness.
  • It is stronger and more formal than 'ficar com raiva', focusing on the violation of principles or dignity.
  • Commonly used with the preposition 'com' (indignar-se com algo) and frequently appears in news and serious social discussions.
  • The word is essential for expressing civic dissatisfaction and moral shock in both Brazilian and European Portuguese contexts.

The Portuguese verb indignar-se is a powerful pronominal verb that translates to 'to be indignant,' 'to feel outraged,' or 'to become incensed.' While it shares a common Latin root with the English word 'indignant,' its usage in Portuguese is deeply tied to a sense of moral violation or perceived injustice. When a Portuguese speaker uses indignar-se, they aren't just saying they are 'mad' or 'annoyed'; they are expressing that their internal sense of right and wrong has been offended. It is a reaction to something that is considered indigno (unworthy) of a human being, a citizen, or a professional.

Moral Weight
Unlike simple anger (raiva), indignation implies a cognitive judgment. You feel this way because you believe a rule has been broken or a person has been treated unfairly. It is the emotion of social justice.
Reflexive Nature
The verb is almost always used reflexively. You don't just 'indign' something; you 'indign yourself' (indignar-se). This highlights that the emotional state is happening within the subject as a reaction to external stimuli.

O povo costuma indignar-se com a corrupção na política.

— Translation: The people usually feel outraged by corruption in politics.

In everyday life, you will hear this word in news broadcasts, political debates, and serious conversations about ethics. It is less common in trivial situations. For example, you wouldn't usually indignar-se because you dropped your ice cream; you would ficar triste (be sad) or ficar bravo (get mad). However, if someone stole your ice cream and the police laughed at you, then you would certainly indignar-se. It requires a trigger of unfairness. In Brazilian Portuguese, the reflexive pronoun often comes before the verb in speech (Eu me indignei), whereas in formal European Portuguese, it often follows it (Indignei-me).

Não há como não se indignar perante tamanha injustiça social.

The word is versatile across registers. In a formal letter, one might write 'Venho por meio desta expressar que me indignei com o atendimento recebido' (I hereby express that I was outraged by the service received). In a casual but heated conversation, one might say 'Eu me indigno com essa sua atitude!' (I am outraged by this attitude of yours!). It carries a certain dignity; it is the anger of someone who knows their rights and values. It is also found frequently in literature, often describing a protagonist's reaction to a villain's cruelty. Understanding this word helps you grasp the emotional landscape of Portuguese speakers when they discuss rights, duties, and the collective well-being of their communities.

Using indignar-se correctly requires attention to two main things: the reflexive pronoun and the preposition that follows. Because it is a reflexive verb, the pronoun must match the subject. Because it is a verb of emotion/reaction, it is almost always followed by the preposition com (with/at) or por (because of/by).

The Preposition 'Com'
This is the most frequent partner. You 'indign yourself with' something. Example: 'Ela se indignou com a mentira' (She was outraged by/with the lie).
The Preposition 'Perante'
Used in more formal contexts to mean 'in the face of'. Example: 'Indignou-se perante o juiz' (He became indignant before the judge).

Nós nos indignamos sempre que vemos maus-tratos aos animais.

In terms of conjugation, indignar-se follows the regular first conjugation (-ar verbs). The only 'trick' is keeping track of the pronoun. In Brazilian Portuguese (BP), the pronoun is usually placed before the verb (próclise) in most spoken contexts: 'Eu me indigno,' 'Você se indigna,' 'Eles se indignam.' In European Portuguese (EP), the standard placement is after the verb (ênclise), connected by a hyphen: 'Indigno-me,' 'Indignas-te,' 'Indigna-se.' However, if there is a negative word like 'não' or 'nunca,' the pronoun moves to the front in both variants: 'Eu não me indigno.'

Se eles soubessem da verdade, se indignariam imediatamente.

When constructing complex sentences, you can use a clause starting with 'que' after the verb, but you usually need the preposition 'de' or 'com' before the 'que'. For example: 'Eu me indigno com o fato de que ninguém ajudou' (I am outraged by the fact that nobody helped). Or more simply: 'Eu me indigno que ninguém tenha ajudado' (though 'que' alone is more common in informal speech, formal writing prefers the prepositional bridge). This verb is also frequently used in the past tense (Pretérito Perfeito) to describe a specific moment of realization: 'Naquele momento, eu me indignei' (In that moment, I became indignant).

You will encounter indignar-se in several specific spheres of Lusophone life. First and foremost is the Journalistic Sphere. Headlines in newspapers like *Folha de S.Paulo* or *Público* often use the noun form *indignação* or the verb to describe public reaction to government scandals, environmental disasters, or human rights violations. If a new tax is perceived as unfair, the headline might read: 'População se indigna com aumento de impostos.'

Social Media
On platforms like X (Twitter) or Facebook, users often use 'Estou indignado(a)' to start a 'thread' or 'rant' about a bad experience with a company or a social issue. It signals that the post will be a serious critique rather than just a casual complaint.
Legal and Formal Contexts
Lawyers and activists use this verb to emphasize the gravity of a situation. It's a 'heavy' word that demands attention. To say a client 'se indignou' is to argue that their rights were significantly trampled upon.

'É impossível não se indignar com o descaso na saúde pública', disse o repórter.

Another common place is in Academic and Intellectual Discourse. Philosophers, sociologists, and students of political science use indignar-se as a technical term for the 'moral spark' that leads to activism. Stéphane Hessel's famous pamphlet 'Indignez-vous!' was translated into Portuguese as 'Indignai-vos!', which became a slogan for various protest movements in the early 2010s, such as the 'Geração à Rasca' in Portugal and the 'Jornadas de Junho' in Brazil. In these contexts, the word represents a call to action.

Ao ver a cena de racismo, todos os presentes se indignaram.

Finally, you'll hear it in Literature and Soap Operas (Telenovelas). When a character discovers they have been betrayed or that a villain has committed a crime, the script will often describe them as 'indignado.' It provides a high-status way to express anger. Instead of just screaming, the character expresses a principled fury. In a telenovela, a mother might say to a corrupt businessman: 'Eu me indigno com a sua falta de caráter!' (I am outraged by your lack of character!). This usage reinforces the idea that the speaker holds the moral high ground.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with indignar-se is treating it as a non-reflexive verb. In English, 'to be indignant' uses the verb 'to be' plus an adjective. In Portuguese, while you can say 'estar indignado,' the action of becoming or feeling that way is most naturally expressed through the reflexive verb. Saying 'Eu indigno com isso' is grammatically incorrect; it must be 'Eu me indigno com isso.'

Confusing with 'Irritar-se'
Learners often use 'indignar-se' for small annoyances. If your computer is slow, you are 'irritado' (irritated) or 'impaciente' (impatient), not 'indignado.' Using 'indignar-se' for small things can make you sound overly dramatic or pompous.
Preposition Errors
Sometimes learners use 'de' instead of 'com.' While 'indignar-se de' was used historically, modern Portuguese almost exclusively uses 'com' for the object of indignation. 'Indignado de' sounds archaic or like a direct translation from French.

Incorrect: Eu indigno a corrupção.
Correct: Eu me indigno com a corrupção.

Another subtle mistake involves the placement of the reflexive pronoun in relation to negative words. Beginners often say 'Eu não me indignei' (Correct) but might accidentally say 'Eu me não indignei' or 'Não indignei-me' in contexts where the 'não' should pull the pronoun to the front. Remember: 'Não,' 'Nunca,' 'Jamais,' and relative pronouns like 'que' act as magnets that pull the 'me/te/se' to the position before the verb.

Incorrect: Me indignei com o filme.
Better (BP): Eu me indignei com o filme.
Better (EP): Indignei-me com o filme.

Lastly, be careful with the passive voice. While you can say 'Fui indignado por ele' (I was made indignant by him), it is much more common to use the active reflexive form 'Ele me indignou' (He made me indignant) or 'Eu me indignei com ele.' The passive construction sounds very stiff and is rarely used even in formal writing. Focus on mastering the reflexive 'se' to sound more like a native speaker.

Portuguese has a rich vocabulary for anger and dissatisfaction. Choosing the right alternative to indignar-se depends on the intensity and the reason for the feeling. If the feeling is more about a desire to change the system or rebel, revoltar-se is the best choice. While indignation is a feeling, 'revolta' implies a more active, potentially aggressive stance against authority.

Revoltar-se vs. Indignar-se
Indignar-se: Focuses on the moral shock. (E.g., I am shocked by this lie).
Revoltar-se: Focuses on the resistance. (E.g., I will not accept this; I am rebelling).
Escandalizar-se
This means 'to be scandalized.' Use this when the trigger is something that violates social norms or decency, rather than just fairness. If someone uses foul language in a church, people 'se escandalizam.'
Ficar Puto (Slang - Brazil)
In very informal Brazilian Portuguese, if you want to say you are extremely angry (which might include indignation), you use 'ficar puto.' Note: This is vulgar and should not be used in formal settings.

Ele não apenas se indignou, ele se revoltou contra o sistema.

Other verbs like enfurecer-se (to become furious) or irritar-se (to get irritated) focus purely on the emotion of anger without the 'moral' component. If you are angry because you lost your keys, you are enfurecido or irritado, but you aren't indignado because there's no injustice involved. Another synonym often found in literature is agastar-se, which means to become annoyed or vexed, but it feels a bit dated today.

A vizinhança se escandalizou com o barulho da festa.

If you want to express a milder form of indignation, you could use chatear-se (to get upset/annoyed). For example: 'Eu me chateei com o que você disse.' This is less intense and more personal. However, if the offense is deep and strikes at your values, stick with indignar-se. In summary: indignar-se is for injustice, revoltar-se is for rebellion, escandalizar-se is for shock, and irritar-se is for general annoyance.

발음 가이드

UK /ĩ.diɡ.ˈnaɾ.se/
US /ĩ.diɡ.ˈnaɾ.si/
The primary stress is on the penultimate syllable of the verb root: in-dig-NAR-se.
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing 'gn' as a single sound like in 'gnome'.
  • Stressing the 'se' instead of the verb stem.
  • Forgetting the nasal 'i' at the start.
  • Dropping the 'g' sound entirely.
  • In Brazilian Portuguese, making the 'r' too harsh like a Spanish 'rr'.
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수준별 예문

1

Eu me indigno com a mentira.

I get outraged with the lie.

Reflexive 'me' is used with 'Eu'.

2

Você se indigna com isso?

Do you get outraged by this?

Reflexive 'se' is used with 'você'.

3

Ele se indigna muito fácil.

He gets outraged very easily.

Present tense of a regular -ar verb.

4

Nós nos indignamos com o lixo.

We get outraged with the trash.

'Nos' matches the 'Nós' subject.

5

Eles se indignam com o preço.

They get outraged with the price.

Plural form 'indignam'.

6

Não se indigne, por favor.

Don't get outraged, please.

Imperative form (Negative).

7

Ela se indigna com a injustiça.

She gets outraged by injustice.

Standard reflexive use.

8

Eu não me indigno com pouco.

I don't get outraged over little things.

'Não' pulls the pronoun to the front.

1

Ontem, eu me indignei com o atraso.

Yesterday, I got outraged by the delay.

Pretérito Perfeito (Past tense).

2

Nós vamos nos indignar se o plano falhar.

We are going to be outraged if the plan fails.

Future with 'ir' + reflexive infinitive.

3

Ela sempre se indignava com a desordem.

She was always outraged by the mess.

Pretérito Imperfeito (Past habit).

4

Você se indignou com a notícia?

Were you outraged by the news?

Question in the past tense.

5

Eles se indignaram com a falta de respeito.

They were outraged by the lack of respect.

Plural past tense.

6

É normal se indignar nessas situações.

It's normal to get outraged in these situations.

Impersonal reflexive use.

7

Eu me indignei ao ver o resultado.

I got outraged upon seeing the result.

Using 'ao' + infinitive.

8

O povo se indignou com a nova lei.

The people were outraged by the new law.

Collective noun 'povo' takes a singular verb.

1

Se eu fosse você, eu me indignaria também.

If I were you, I would be outraged too.

Conditional mood.

2

Espero que você não se indigne com a minha opinião.

I hope you don't get outraged by my opinion.

Present Subjunctive after 'Espero que'.

3

Ela se indignei tanto que saiu da sala.

She got so outraged that she left the room.

Consecutive clause with 'tanto que'.

4

Nós tínhamos nos indignado com a decisão anterior.

We had been outraged by the previous decision.

Pretérito Mais-que-perfeito Composto.

5

Muitos se indignam, mas poucos agem.

Many are outraged, but few act.

Indefinite pronoun 'muitos' as subject.

6

É impossível não se indignar com tamanha crueldade.

It's impossible not to be outraged by such cruelty.

Double negative for emphasis.

7

Ele se indignou por não ter sido convidado.

He was outraged because he wasn't invited.

Using 'por' + infinitive to show cause.

8

A criança se indignou quando tiraram seu doce.

The child got outraged when they took her candy.

Time clause with 'quando'.

1

O autor se indigna contra as normas sociais vigentes.

The author is indignant against current social norms.

Using 'contra' instead of 'com'.

2

Embora se indigne, ele prefere manter o silêncio.

Although he is outraged, he prefers to keep silent.

Concessive clause with 'Embora'.

3

A sociedade tem se indignado cada vez mais com a corrupção.

Society has been getting more and more outraged by corruption.

Present Perfect Continuous (Tenho + Participle).

4

Caso você se indigne, fale com o gerente.

In case you get outraged, speak with the manager.

Future Subjunctive after 'Caso'.

5

Indignar-se é o primeiro passo para a mudança.

To be outraged is the first step toward change.

Infinitive as a noun subject.

6

Ela se indignei profundamente com o descaso das autoridades.

She was deeply outraged by the authorities' neglect.

Adverbial modification 'profundamente'.

7

O filósofo se indignava perante a hipocrisia humana.

The philosopher was indignant in the face of human hypocrisy.

Literary preposition 'perante'.

8

Não permitirei que se indignem sem motivo.

I will not allow them to get outraged without reason.

Future tense with a subjunctive clause.

1

A medida que os factos surgiam, o público indignava-se.

As the facts emerged, the public became indignant.

European Portuguese pronoun placement (ênclise).

2

Indignar-se-iam os nossos antepassados com o mundo atual?

Would our ancestors be outraged with the current world?

Mesóclise (Formal EP conditional).

3

O texto transparece um autor que se indigna com a mediocridade.

The text reveals an author who is outraged by mediocrity.

Relative clause with 'que'.

4

Tendo-se indignado, o diplomata abandonou a conferência.

Having become indignant, the diplomat left the conference.

Gerund with reflexive pronoun.

5

Não houve quem não se indignasse com o veredito.

There was no one who wasn't outraged by the verdict.

Imperfect Subjunctive after negative existence.

6

A capacidade de se indignar define a nossa humanidade.

The capacity to be outraged defines our humanity.

Reflexive infinitive in a noun phrase.

7

Indignamo-nos, pois, contra o destino que nos foi imposto.

Let us be outraged, then, against the destiny imposed on us.

Imperative/Exhortative use.

8

A sua voz tremia enquanto se indignava perante a plateia.

His voice trembled as he became indignant before the audience.

Simultaneous actions with 'enquanto'.

1

A fenomenologia do indignar-se precede a ação política.

The phenomenology of becoming indignant precedes political action.

Nominalization of the reflexive infinitive.

2

Pudesse o povo indignar-se mais, e a tirania cairia.

Could the people be more outraged, and tyranny would fall.

Inverted conditional structure with Subjunctive.

3

O protagonista, ao indignar-se, rompe com o seu passado passivo.

The protagonist, by becoming indignant, breaks with his passive past.

Prepositional infinitive showing means.

4

Raramente nos indignamos com o que nos é familiar.

We rarely get outraged by that which is familiar to us.

Adverbial frequency placement.

5

A escrita serve-lhe para se indignar contra o esquecimento.

Writing serves him to be outraged against forgetting.

Finality clause (para + infinitive).

6

Indignar-se-ão tanto quanto lhes for permitido sentir.

They will be as outraged as they are permitted to feel.

Comparative structure with future tense.

7

Não é o ódio, mas o indignar-se que move as revoluções.

It is not hate, but becoming indignant that moves revolutions.

Cleft sentence for emphasis.

8

A alma indigna-se perante o vácuo existencial da modernidade.

The soul is indignant before the existential vacuum of modernity.

Philosophical subject with literary preposition.

자주 쓰는 조합

indignar-se com
indignar-se profundamente
indignar-se publicamente
não poder deixar de se indignar
indignar-se perante
indignar-se contra
costumar indignar-se
sentir-se indignado
motivo para se indignar
indignar-se à toa

자주 쓰는 구문

Estou indignado!

— I am outraged! Used to express strong immediate dissatisfaction.

Estou indignado com o serviço deste restaurante!

É de se indignar.

— It's enough to make one outraged. Used as a comment on a bad situation.

Eles cortaram a luz sem aviso? É de se indignar!

Não se indigne.

— Don't get outraged. Often used to calm someone down.

Não se indigne, vamos resolver o problema.

Indignar-se é preciso.

— Being outraged is necessary. A philosophical or political statement.

Num mundo assim, indignar-se é preciso para mudar as coisas.

Indignado da vida.

— Extremely outraged/unhappy with life's circumstances (informal).

Ele está indignado da vida com o novo emprego.

Causa de indignação.

— A cause of outrage.

A falta de hospitais é uma grande causa de indignação.

Grito de indignação.

— A cry of outrage.

O povo soltou um grito de indignação nas ruas.

Fingir indignação.

— To fake outrage.

O réu tentou fingir indignação durante o julgamento.

Onda de indignação.

— A wave of outrage (usually public).

Houve uma onda de indignação após o crime.

Expressar indignação.

— To express outrage.

Vim aqui apenas para expressar a minha indignação.

관용어 및 표현

"Ficar com o sangue a ferver"

— To have one's blood boil. Describes the physical feeling of intense indignation.

Fiquei com o sangue a ferver ao ver aquela injustiça.

Informal
"Subir o sangue à cabeça"

— To have the blood go to the head. To become suddenly and uncontrollably indignant/angry.

Quando ele me insultou, subiu-me o sangue à cabeça.

Informal
"Pôr as mãos na cabeça"

— To put hands on head. To be shocked and indignant at a disaster or bad news.

Toda a gente pôs as mãos na cabeça com o valor da dívida.

Informal
"Soltar os cachorros"

— To let the dogs loose. To vent one's indignation or anger aggressively on someone.

O chefe soltou os cachorros em cima da equipe.

Informal (Brazil)
"Perder as estribeiras"

— To lose the stirrups. To lose control due to indignation or anger.

Ela perdeu as estribeiras com o barulho dos vizinhos.

Idiomatic
"Estar pelos cabelos"

— To be up to the hairs. To be fed up and indignant with a situation.

Estou pelos cabelos com essa burocracia!

Informal
"Virar o bicho"

— To turn into an animal. To become extremely indignant and aggressive.

Ele virou o bicho quando soube da traição.

Slang (Brazil)
"Cair o Carmo e a Trindade"

— For the Carmo and Trindade (convents) to fall. Used for a huge scandal causing great indignation.

Se o segredo for revelado, vai cair o Carmo e a Trindade.

Idiomatic (Portugal)
"Dar um chilique"

— To have a fit. To express indignation in a dramatic or hysterical way.

Ela deu um chilique porque o café estava frio.

Informal (Brazil)
"Bater o pé"

— To stomp the foot. To insist on one's rights out of indignation.

Ele bateu o pé e exigiu o reembolso.

Informal
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