B2 noun 격식체 1분 분량

诽谤

fei bang /feɪ̯²¹⁴ pɑŋ⁵¹/
Practice it

Slander involves intentionally spreading falsehoods to ruin a person's public standing.

30초 단어

  • Maliciously spreading false information to ruin someone's reputation.
  • Commonly used in legal or serious social contexts.
  • Requires the statement to be factually false and harmful.

Overview

“诽谤”一词在汉语中承载着沉重的法律与道德分量。从基本定义来看，它指的是行为人主观上具有恶意，客观上实施了捏造并散布虚假事实的行为，且该行为足以导致他人的人格评价降低或名誉受损。在现代社会，诽谤不仅限于口头传播，更广泛地存在于书面文字、影像资料以及互联网信息中。

在用法模式上，“诽谤”展现出高度的正式性。作为动词时，它通常接具体的对象，如“诽谤他人”或“诽谤竞争对手”。作为名词时，它常与法律术语结合，如“构成诽谤”、“诽谤侵权”或“诽谤罪”。在句式结构中，常使用“遭到……的诽谤”或“由于……的诽谤而受损”等被动或因果结构。

就应用语境而言，该词最常出现在司法判决书、律师函、正式的新闻申明以及严肃的文学作品中。在当今的互联网时代，网络诽谤成为了法律关注的焦点，例如在微博或微信群组中散布不实言论，往往会触及诽谤的法律底线。

在词汇辨析方面，我们需要区分几个相近词汇。首先是“诋毁”，它侧重于通过恶毒的话语贬低他人的名誉或成就，不一定非要捏造事实，可能只是主观上的恶评。其次是“中伤”，它强调的是“暗中”和“伤害”，带有明显的卑劣手段色彩。再者是“造谣”，其核心在于“造”，即无中生有地编造消息，但造谣的对象可以是社会事件、政策或特定的个人，范围比诽谤更广。最后是“污蔑”，它更强调强加给他人莫须有的罪名或坏名声。

总的来说，诽谤是一个界限分明的词汇，它要求具备“虚假事实”和“名誉受损”两个核心要素。理解这一词汇，不仅有助于提高语言表达的准确性，更能增强法律意识。

예시

1

邻居们在背后诽谤她的名声。

everyday

Neighbors are slandering her reputation behind her back.

2

原告控告被告犯有诽谤罪。

formal

The plaintiff accused the defendant of the crime of defamation.

3

别听他在那儿瞎诽谤，那都不是真的。

informal

Don't listen to his blind slandering; none of it is true.

4

学术界严禁任何形式的恶意诽谤行为。

academic

Malicious defamation in any form is strictly prohibited in academia.

자주 쓰는 조합

恶意诽谤 malicious slander
构成诽谤 constitute defamation
诽谤他人 slander others

자주 쓰는 구문

诽谤罪

crime of defamation

恶意诽谤

malicious slander

遭受诽谤

suffer from defamation

자주 혼동되는 단어

诽谤 vs 诋毁

Dǐhuǐ focuses on disparaging achievements or value, while fěibàng specifically implies spreading false facts.

诽谤 vs 造谣

Zàoyáo is the act of inventing rumors, which may not always target a person's reputation directly.

문법 패턴

诽谤 + [人/名誉] 遭到 + [恶意/严重] + 诽谤 构成 + 诽谤

How to Use It

사용 참고사항

A highly formal word often used in legal or serious interpersonal conflicts. It carries a heavy negative connotation and is rarely used for light-hearted jokes. In professional writing, it should be used with evidence of falsehood.

자주 하는 실수

Don't use '诽谤' to describe truthful criticism, even if it's harsh. Avoid confusing it with '批评' (criticism). Be careful not to misspell the radical '讠' in '诽'.

Tips

💡

Use for serious legal or formal claims

When someone spreads serious lies about a person's character, '诽谤' is the precise term to use.

⚠️

Don't confuse with factual criticism

If a statement is true, even if it is negative, it is generally not considered '诽谤'.

🌍

Legal significance in modern China

With strict internet regulations, '诽谤' is a common charge in high-profile social media disputes.

어원

'诽' (to blame/slander) + '谤' (to criticize/slander). Both components relate to negative speech in ancient Chinese.

문화적 맥락

In modern China, defamation laws are strictly enforced, especially regarding public figures and online content. The concept of 'saving face' makes defamation a particularly sensitive issue.

암기 팁

The radical '讠' means speech, and '非' means wrong or false. Speaking false things about others is '诽'.

자주 묻는 질문

4 질문

“诽谤”侧重于捏造虚假事实来损害名誉，具有法律严谨性；“诋毁”则更宽泛，指用恶毒言语贬低他人，不一定涉及虚假事实。

法律上通常需要证明言论是虚假的、针对特定个人的、且造成了实质性的名誉损害。

不是，在汉语语境中，“诽谤”涵盖了口头、书面以及网络上的各种形式的造谣中伤。

在公开发表评论时，应确保言论基于客观事实，而非出于恶意捏造或主观臆断。

셀프 테스트

fill blank

他因为在社交平台上恶意___同事，最终被告上了法庭。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답: a

“诽谤”指捏造事实损人名誉，且常与法律起诉（告上法庭）相关。

multiple choice

选择最接近的一项：

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답: b

“污蔑”与“诽谤”都含有无中生有、破坏他人名声的意思。

sentence building

他的 / 遭到了 / 严重 / 名誉 / 诽谤

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답: a

正确的语法结构是：主语（他的名誉）+ 谓语（遭到了）+ 宾语（诽谤）。

점수: /3

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