诽谤 30초 만에
- 诽谤 (fěibàng) means to slander or defame someone by spreading false information.
- It is a formal word used in legal, news, and serious social contexts.
- The term implies malicious intent and damage to another person's reputation.
- It acts as both a verb ('to slander') and a noun ('defamation/slander').
The term 诽谤 (fěibàng) is a formal and serious Chinese word that translates to 'slander,' 'defamation,' or 'libel.' In its essence, it describes the act of intentionally spreading false information to damage someone's reputation or character. Unlike casual gossip or mere criticism, 诽谤 implies a level of malice and a significant impact on the victim's social or legal standing. It is a word you will encounter frequently in legal contexts, news reports about celebrities, and discussions regarding ethics and social media conduct.
- Legal Context
- In the legal sphere, 诽谤 refers to the crime or tort of defamation. It involves the communication of a false statement to a third party that harms the reputation of an individual, business, product, group, government, religion, or nation. In China, 诽谤罪 (the crime of defamation) is a specific charge under the criminal law.
- Social Media Usage
- With the rise of the internet, the word is often used to describe 'cyber-defamation.' When a netizen posts false rumors about a public figure, the victim may issue a legal letter claiming 诽谤. It highlights the power of words in the digital age and the consequences of spreading unverified claims.
- Interpersonal Dynamics
- In a non-legal but still serious sense, it can describe a betrayal of trust where one person speaks ill of another behind their back to ruin their image within a community or workplace. It is viewed as a highly immoral act in traditional Chinese culture.
他因为在网上恶意诽谤他人而受到了法律制裁。
The word is composed of two characters: 诽 (fěi), which means to slander or blame, and 谤 (bàng), which means to defame or speak ill of. Both characters contain the speech radical (言), indicating that the action is performed through words. Historically, these characters were used to describe criticizing the government or officials, but in modern Mandarin, the scope has broadened to include all forms of character assassination. Understanding 诽谤 is crucial for anyone navigating professional or public life in a Chinese-speaking environment, as it marks the boundary between free speech and harmful falsehoods.
面对无端的诽谤，他选择了用事实来反击。
Using 诽谤 correctly requires understanding its grammatical role. Although it is often translated as a noun (slander/defamation), it frequently functions as a verb in Chinese sentences. It is a transitive verb, meaning it can directly take an object—the person or entity being slandered. However, it is also very common to see it used as a noun in phrases like '恶意诽谤' (malicious slander) or '诽谤罪' (the crime of defamation).
- As a Verb
- When used as a verb, the structure is usually [Subject] + 诽谤 + [Object]. For example: '你不应该在背后诽谤你的同事' (You should not slander your colleagues behind their backs). Note that the tone is always negative.
- As a Noun
- As a noun, it often follows adjectives or verbs of action. For example: '这是赤裸裸的诽谤' (This is blatant slander). Or '他起诉了那家报社，指控其诽谤' (He sued that newspaper, accusing it of defamation).
任何形式的诽谤都是不可接受的，尤其是涉及到个人隐私时。
In formal writing, such as legal documents or news articles, you will see 诽谤 paired with specific verbs. Common pairs include: 构成诽谤 (to constitute defamation), 涉嫌诽谤 (to be suspected of defamation), and 遭到诽谤 (to be slandered). These collocations help specify the legal or social status of the act. For instance, '他的言论已经构成了诽谤' (His remarks have already constituted defamation) is a much stronger statement than simply saying he said something bad.
那篇报道充满了对这位科学家的诽谤，导致他的研究资金被撤回。
While 诽谤 is a formal word, it is surprisingly common in modern Chinese life due to the prevalence of digital media and legal awareness. You won't typically hear it in a casual conversation between friends about a small disagreement, but you will hear it in the following contexts:
- News and Media
- Whenever a celebrity or a politician is involved in a scandal where false rumors were spread, the news anchors will use 诽谤. Example: '某知名演员起诉网络博主诽谤案今日开庭' (The case of a famous actor suing a blogger for defamation opened today).
- Corporate and Professional Settings
- In business, if a competitor spreads lies about a company's product quality, the company's PR department or legal counsel will use this term. It is often found in 'Lawyer's Letters' (律师函) sent to stop the spread of rumors.
- Social Media Platforms
- On platforms like Weibo or WeChat, users often warn others: '网络不是法外之地，诽谤他人要负法律责任' (The internet is not a place outside the law; slandering others carries legal responsibility).
律师警告说，任何转载这些诽谤言论的人都可能面临诉讼。
In television dramas (especially legal or office dramas), 诽谤 is a key plot device. A character might be framed or their reputation destroyed by a rival using 诽谤. This helps the audience understand the severity of the conflict. In academic settings, it might be discussed in the context of ethics or media law. Even in schools, discussions about bullying often touch upon 诽谤 as a form of verbal and psychological abuse.
Learning to use 诽谤 correctly involves distinguishing it from several similar-sounding or similar-meaning words. Because it is a high-level (B2/C1) vocabulary item, nuance is everything. Here are the most common pitfalls for English speakers:
- 诽谤 vs. 诋毁 (dǐhuǐ)
- While both mean to speak ill of someone, 诽谤 usually implies the creation and spread of *false facts* (specific lies). 诋毁 is broader and more about general disparagement or 'trash-talking' to lower someone's prestige, not necessarily involving a specific false event.
- 诽谤 vs. 谣言 (yáoyán)
- 谣言 is a noun meaning 'rumor.' You *spread* a rumor (造谣), which might *be* a form of 诽谤. However, 诽谤 is the act or the legal category, while 谣言 is the content itself. You can't '诽谤' a rumor; you '造' (create) a rumor to '诽谤' a person.
- Confusing with 'Criticism'
- Many learners use 诽谤 when they just mean 'someone said something mean.' If a boss tells an employee they are lazy, that is 批评 (criticism) or 责备 (blame), not 诽谤. 诽谤 requires the statement to be false and shared with others.
错误用法：他昨天在会上诽谤我的报告写得不好。(Incorrect: He slandered my report for being poorly written—unless he lied about the report's contents to ruin your career.)
Another mistake is the register. 诽谤 is quite formal. Using it in a petty argument with a sibling might sound overly dramatic or even humorous. In casual settings, words like '说坏话' (shuō huàihuà - speak bad words) or '损' (sǔn - to roast/belittle) are more appropriate. Save 诽谤 for situations involving legal rights, professional reputations, or serious moral failings.
To truly master 诽谤, you should understand the spectrum of 'bad-mouthing' in Chinese. Here is a comparison of synonyms that vary in intensity and context:
- 诬陷 (wūxiàn)
- This is stronger than 诽谤. It means to frame someone or bring a false charge against them. 诽谤 is about reputation; 诬陷 is often about getting someone arrested or punished for something they didn't do.
- 中伤 (zhòngshāng)
- Literally 'to injure with a hit.' This is a more literary or poetic way to say 'slander.' It emphasizes the emotional or social wound caused by the words. Often used in the phrase '恶意中伤' (maliciously slandering).
- 造谣 (zàoyáo)
- Meaning 'to start a rumor.' This focuses on the creation of the lie rather than the damage to the person. You can 造谣 about a natural disaster, but you 诽谤 a person.
对比：
1. 诽谤：说假话坏人名声。
2. 诬陷：造假证据害人入狱。
3. 造谣：制造并散布假消息。
When choosing which word to use, ask yourself: Is the focus on the falseness of the info (造谣)? Is it on the legal/reputational damage (诽谤)? Is it on the intent to get them in legal trouble (诬陷)? Or is it a general attempt to lower their status (诋毁)? Mastering these distinctions will make your Chinese sound much more precise and sophisticated.
How Formal Is It?
재미있는 사실
In the Han Dynasty, there was a '诽谤木' (defamation post), a wooden pillar where citizens could write their complaints about the government. This eventually evolved into the decorative 'Huabiao' (ornamental columns) seen in Tiananmen Square!
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing 'fěi' as 'fēi' (1st tone) instead of 3rd tone.
- Pronouncing 'bàng' as 'páng' (due to the right side of the character).
- Confusing the tones: fěibàng vs. fēibāng (which is not a word).
- Mumbling the 'f' sound; it should be clear.
- Over-extending the 'ěi' sound in 'fěi'.
난이도
The characters are complex and the context is often formal or legal.
Difficult to write by hand due to many strokes in '诽' and '谤'.
Pronunciation is relatively straightforward if you know the tones.
Can be confused with other words like '诋毁' in fast speech.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
The 'Passive' with 被 (bèi)
他被那家报纸诽谤了。
Using 构成 (gòuchéng) for legal definitions
这种行为构成了诽谤。
The 'Resultative Complement' with 损害 (sǔnhài)
诽谤损害了他的名誉。
Using 对...进行 (duì... jìnxíng) for formal actions
他们对他进行了恶意的诽谤。
Noun attribution with 的 (de)
诽谤的言论传播得很快。
수준별 예문
他不应该诽谤我。
He shouldn't slander me.
Subject + 不应该 + Verb + Object.
诽谤是不好的。
Slander is bad.
Noun + 是 + Adjective.
这是诽谤吗？
Is this slander?
Question with 吗.
不要诽谤他人。
Don't slander others.
Imperative with 不要.
他说那是诽谤。
He said that is slander.
Indirect speech.
我不喜欢诽谤。
I don't like slander.
Negative preference.
他在诽谤你。
He is slandering you.
Present continuous with 在.
诽谤会伤人。
Slander can hurt people.
Subject + 会 + Verb.
在网上诽谤别人是不对的。
It is wrong to slander others online.
Location + Verb + Object + 是 + Adjective.
这些话都是诽谤。
These words are all slander.
Pronoun + 都是 + Noun.
他因为诽谤被警察抓了。
He was caught by police for slander.
Cause and effect with 因为.
你是在诽谤我的朋友吗？
Are you slandering my friend?
Progressive question.
诽谤会让一个人失去工作。
Slander can make a person lose their job.
Causative with 让.
他写的信里充满了诽谤。
The letter he wrote was full of slander.
充满了 (full of).
我们必须停止诽谤。
We must stop the slander.
Modal verb 必须.
诽谤不是真正的批评。
Slander is not real criticism.
Negative definition.
那家报纸因为诽谤被起诉了。
That newspaper was sued for defamation.
Passive voice with 被.
他公开表示这些指控是恶意的诽谤。
He publicly stated that these accusations are malicious slander.
Complex object clause.
我们应该区分合理的批评和恶意的诽谤。
We should distinguish between reasonable criticism and malicious slander.
区分 A 和 B.
诽谤他人名誉是需要负法律责任的。
Slandering others' reputation carries legal responsibility.
Subject as a phrase + 是...的.
他为了赢得选举而诽谤对手。
He slandered his opponent in order to win the election.
为了 (for the purpose of).
许多人并没有意识到他们在诽谤。
Many people don't realize they are slandering.
意识到 (to realize).
这篇报道被认为是诽谤性的。
This report was considered defamatory.
被认为 (be considered).
诽谤对他的事业造成了巨大的打击。
Slander dealt a huge blow to his career.
造成 (to cause/result in).
他的言论已经构成了诽谤罪。
His remarks have already constituted the crime of defamation.
构成 (to constitute).
公司决定对这种诽谤行为采取法律行动。
The company decided to take legal action against this defamatory behavior.
采取行动 (to take action).
面对诽谤，保持沉默往往不是最好的办法。
Faced with slander, staying silent is often not the best way.
面对 (facing).
互联网不应成为传播诽谤信息的温床。
The internet should not become a breeding ground for spreading defamatory information.
成为...的温床 (become a breeding ground for).
他试图通过诽谤来破坏竞争对手的形象。
He tried to destroy his competitor's image through slander.
通过...来 (through... to).
法官判定被告的言论不属于诽谤。
The judge ruled that the defendant's remarks did not fall under defamation.
属于 (belong to/fall under).
任何受害者都有权要求诽谤者道歉并赔偿。
Any victim has the right to demand an apology and compensation from the slanderer.
有权 (have the right).
这种毫无根据的诽谤严重损害了社会风气。
This groundless slander has seriously damaged social morale.
毫无根据 (groundless).
在民主社会，言论自由与防止诽谤之间存在微妙的平衡。
In a democratic society, there is a delicate balance between freedom of speech and the prevention of defamation.
A 与 B 之间存在...的平衡.
他被指控利用其媒体影响力进行系统性的诽谤。
He was accused of using his media influence to conduct systematic defamation.
利用...进行 (using... to conduct).
法律对诽谤的界定往往取决于言论是否属实以及是否有主观恶意。
The legal definition of defamation often depends on whether the remarks are true and whether there was subjective malice.
取决于 (depends on).
诽谤的代价不仅是金钱赔偿，更是公信力的彻底丧失。
The cost of defamation is not just monetary compensation, but a complete loss of credibility.
不仅是...更是 (not only... but even more).
为了遏制网络诽谤，相关部门出台了一系列新的司法解释。
In order to curb online defamation, relevant departments have issued a series of new judicial interpretations.
为了遏制 (in order to curb).
这种隐晦的诽谤比直接的谩骂更具杀伤力。
This subtle slander is more lethal than direct verbal abuse.
比...更具杀伤力 (more lethal than).
他终其一生都在为洗清那次诽谤带来的污名而奋斗。
He fought his entire life to clear the stigma brought by that slander.
终其一生 (all his life).
诽谤者的动机往往源于嫉妒或不正当的利益竞争。
The motives of slanderers often stem from jealousy or improper competition for interests.
源于 (stems from).
诽谤之辞，如利刃穿心，其对人格尊严的戕害往往是不可逆转的。
Defamatory words are like sharp blades piercing the heart; their harm to human dignity is often irreversible.
Literary style with simile.
在该案中，辩方律师主张该言论属于正当的舆论监督，而非恶意诽谤。
In this case, the defense counsel argued that the remarks constituted legitimate public supervision rather than malicious defamation.
Formal legal terminology.
纵观历史，诽谤常被权力作为铲除异己、操纵民意的政治工具。
Throughout history, defamation has often been used by power as a political tool to eliminate dissent and manipulate public opinion.
纵观 (looking back at).
诽谤行为在伦理学上被视为对真理的亵渎及对他者主体性的否定。
Defamatory behavior is ethically viewed as a desecration of truth and a negation of the other's subjectivity.
被视为 (be viewed as).
网络匿名性在赋予公民表达权的同时，也为诽谤的滋生提供了天然的屏障。
While online anonymity grants citizens the right to express themselves, it also provides a natural barrier for the breeding of defamation.
在...的同时 (while... at the same time).
若法律不能有效惩治诽谤，则社会的信任基石将面临崩塌的危险。
If the law cannot effectively punish defamation, the foundation of social trust will face the danger of collapse.
若...则 (if... then).
诽谤的本质在于通过虚构的叙事来消解个体在社会评价体系中的正当性。
The essence of defamation lies in dismantling an individual's legitimacy within the social evaluation system through fictional narratives.
在于 (lies in).
我们需要构建一种既能保障言论自由又能严厉打击诽谤的法治环境。
We need to build a rule-of-law environment that can both guarantee freedom of speech and strike hard against defamation.
既能...又能 (both can... and can).
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— To slander others. Used to describe the act in a general sense.
诽谤他人是不道德的。
— Maliciously slandering. Often used alongside 诽谤 to emphasize intent.
他遭到了对手的恶意中伤。
— Reputational defamation. Specifically focuses on the damage to one's name.
这起案件属于名誉诽谤。
— Cyber-defamation. Slander occurring on digital platforms.
网络诽谤的传播速度极快。
— The person who slanders; the slanderer.
诽谤者终将受到惩罚。
— To slander by fabricating facts. A common legal phrase.
他通过虚构事实进行诽谤。
— A defamatory letter.
他收到了一封充满诽谤的匿名信。
— Defamatory reporting.
那家媒体发表了诽谤性报道。
— To stop or curb slander.
法律的目的是为了制止诽谤。
— To clear one's name from slander.
他用证据洗清了诽谤带来的冤屈。
자주 혼동되는 단어
诋毁 is more about general disparagement, while 诽谤 usually involves specific false facts.
诬陷 involves framing someone for a crime; 诽谤 is primarily about reputation damage.
批评 is criticism (can be true); 诽谤 is always based on falsehoods.
관용어 및 표현
— To spit blood at people; to make venomous and groundless accusations.
你这是血口喷人，我根本没做过那件事！
Informal/Emotional— To shoot shadows with sand; to attack someone by innuendo or indirect slander.
他在文章中含沙射影地攻击他的上司。
Literary/Formal— To stir up trouble by spreading rumors.
他最喜欢造谣生事，破坏大家的团结。
Neutral— To create something out of nothing; to make purely fabricated claims.
关于他受贿的消息完全是无中生有。
Neutral— Slanderous words. A more classical way to refer to 诽谤.
切莫听信那些毁谤之言。
Literary— Rumors and slanders spread by idle talk.
他不在乎周围的流言蜚语。
Neutral— To point at the mulberry tree while cursing the locust tree; to scold someone indirectly.
他说话总是指桑骂槐，让人很不舒服。
Neutral— Public opinion is powerful enough to melt metal; repeated slander can destroy even the innocent.
众口铄金，积毁销骨，言论的力量太可怕了。
Literary— Accumulated slander can wear away bones; persistent defamation can ruin someone completely.
他深知积毁销骨的道理，所以非常谨慎。
Literary— To sow discord by telling lies or slandering others.
他在我们中间挑拨离间，试图破坏我们的友谊。
Neutral문장 패턴
A 诽谤 B
他诽谤我的家人。
由于...诽谤，B 遭受了...
由于对手的诽谤，他遭受了巨大的损失。
这种行为不仅是...，更构成了诽谤
这种行为不仅是不道德的，更构成了诽谤。
面对...诽谤，A 选择...
面对无端诽谤，他选择了法律维权。
诽谤之害，在于...
诽谤之害，在于其对社会诚信的瓦解。
不要...诽谤他人
不要在背后诽谤他人。
起诉某人诽谤
他决定起诉那名记者诽谤。
所谓的...其实是诽谤
所谓的证据其实是恶意诽谤。
어휘 가족
명사
동사
형용사
관련
사용법
Common in media, legal, and formal social discussions.
암기하기
기억법
Both characters have the 'speech' radical (言). '诽' has 'wrong' (非) on the right - so it's 'wrong speech.' '谤' has 'side' (旁) on the right - so it's speech that hits someone from the side (behind their back).
시각적 연상
Imagine a mouth (言) spitting out a 'wrong' (非) sign at someone standing on the 'side' (旁).
Word Web
챌린지
Try to write a sentence using 诽谤 that describes a modern social media scandal. Make sure to use the word as a verb.
어원
The word consists of two characters, '诽' and '谤', both appearing in ancient Chinese texts like the 'Zuo Zhuan' and the 'Analects'. They originally referred to public criticism of officials or the emperor.
원래 의미: To criticize or complain about the government. In ancient times, '诽谤' was sometimes encouraged by enlightened rulers to hear the people's grievances, but later became a crime.
Sino-Tibetan, Chinese.문화적 맥락
Be careful when using this word to describe government actions in China, as it is a sensitive legal and political term.
In English law, we distinguish between 'slander' (spoken) and 'libel' (written). Chinese usually uses 诽谤 for both, though 诽 covers spoken and 谤 covers written in very technical contexts.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Legal Courtroom
- 提交证据
- 诽谤罪名
- 名誉损害赔偿
- 辩护律师
Social Media
- 网络暴力
- 造谣传谣
- 人肉搜索
- 维权
Office Politics
- 背后捅刀
- 职场霸凌
- 散布谣言
- 举报
Celebrity News
- 工作室声明
- 律师函
- 清者自清
- 恶意揣测
History/Literature
- 奸臣
- 陷害忠良
- 谗言
- 洗雪冤屈
대화 시작하기
"你觉得网络诽谤应该受到更严厉的处罚吗？"
"如果你被别人诽谤了，你会怎么做？"
"现在的社交媒体是不是让诽谤变得更容易了？"
"在你的国家，诽谤他人是犯罪吗？"
"你如何区分‘言论自由’和‘恶意诽谤’？"
일기 주제
描述一次你看到或听到的诽谤事件。它对当事人造成了什么影响？
讨论法律在保护个人名誉免受诽谤方面的重要性。
写一封信给那些在网上散布诽谤言论的人，劝说他们停止这种行为。
反思‘言语的力量’：为什么虚假的话语（诽谤）能造成如此大的伤害？
想象你是一名律师，正在为一名遭到诽谤的客户辩护，写下你的开庭陈词。
Summary
诽谤 (fěibàng) is a powerful word for 'slander' that moves beyond casual gossip into the realm of legal and moral wrongdoing. For example: '他起诉了那家报社，指控其诽谤' (He sued the newspaper, accusing it of defamation). Remember: it must involve a lie.
- 诽谤 (fěibàng) means to slander or defame someone by spreading false information.
- It is a formal word used in legal, news, and serious social contexts.
- The term implies malicious intent and damage to another person's reputation.
- It acts as both a verb ('to slander') and a noun ('defamation/slander').
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B29시 출근 5시 퇴근. 규칙적인 직장 생활을 의미함.
未免
B2조금 너무하다; 참으로 (지나침을 암시). '이 가격은 좀 너무 비싸네요.'
废弃
B2낡거나 필요 없게 된 건물, 계획, 법률 등을 더 이상 사용하지 않고 버리다.
恪守
B2To scrupulously observe; to strictly adhere to.
反常
B2올해 날씨가 매우 반상(비정상)적이다. (일반적인 패턴에서 벗어남.)
充裕
B2충분하다; 넉넉하다. 시간이나 자금이 넉넉할 때 주로 사용합니다.
充沛
B2충만하다; 기운이 넘치다. 예: '그는 정력이 충만하다(精力充沛)'.
门禁卡
B2건물의 전자 도어를 여는 데 사용되는 출입 카드.
门禁
B2Access control (system).
配件
B2Fittings; accessories; spare parts.
