The "Done-To" Words (Passive Participles II-X)
mu- and the pre-final vowel to a to describe what was done.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Passive participles describe someone or something that has received an action, formed by prefixing 'mu-' to the verb.
- Start with the prefix 'mu-' (مُـ).
- Change the penultimate vowel to a kasra (i) sound.
- Ensure the final root letter matches the gender and number (e.g., مُعَلَّم - teacher/taught).
Overview
Arabic grammar, renowned for its efficiency, frequently condenses complex ideas into single, morphologically rich words. Among these, passive participles from the derived verbal forms (Forms II through X) are indispensable for B1 learners aiming to describe the world around them with greater precision and sophistication. These 'done-to' words function primarily as adjectives, but often lexicalize into nouns, denoting the recipient or result of an action.
They are characterized by their distinctive mu- prefix and a specific vowel pattern that immediately signals their passive nature.
Unlike the basic Form I verbs, which typically employ the maf'ūl (مَفْعُول) pattern for their passive participles (e.g., maktūb مَكْتُوب - 'written'), the derived forms utilize a uniform mu- (مُـ) prefix. This consistency across Forms II-X simplifies their identification and formation once the underlying pattern is understood. Mastering these participles significantly expands your descriptive capabilities, allowing you to move beyond simple declarative sentences to articulate states and conditions that are the result of an action, without necessarily naming the actor.
They are crucial for understanding everything from product descriptions to news reports, where the focus is often on what has been acted upon.
How This Grammar Works
fa‘‘ala) to Form X (istaf‘ala), possesses its own unique set of conjugations for the past, present, and imperative tenses, as well as distinct patterns for active and passive participles. The passive participle specifically describes the entity upon which the verb's action is performed, or the state resulting from that action.mu- (مُـ) and consistently changing the vowel before the final radical to a fatha (ـَـ), often transcribed as 'a'. This mu- prefix is a powerful morphological marker; it acts as a signal for both active and passive participles in these forms, differentiating them from the ma- (مَـ) prefix often found in Form I passive participles or nouns of place/time. The subtle yet critical distinction between the active and passive participle in Forms II-X lies solely in the vowel of the penultimate radical: kasra (ـِـ) for active (the doer) and fatha (ـَـ) for passive (the done-to).maktūb (مَكْتُوب - 'written'), a verb like Form II kattaba (كَتَّبَ - 'to cause to write' or 'to make someone write') would produce a passive participle following the mu- pattern. This systematic approach across derived forms means that once you learn the general rule, you can apply it to a vast number of verbs, unlocking a significant portion of Arabic vocabulary and descriptive power.Formation Pattern
mu- (مُـ), which replaces the imperfective prefix (like ya- يَـ or ta- تَـ). The crucial step is then to ensure the vowel directly preceding the final root letter (the penultimate radical) is a fatha (ـَـ). This consistency simplifies the process considerably compared to Form I, which has a distinct pattern.
yu-fa‘‘il-u) | مُفَعِّلٌ (mu-fa‘‘il) | مُفَعَّلٌ (mu-fa‘‘al) | 'activated', 'intensified' | يُحَقِّقُ (yuḥaqqiqu) | مُحَقَّقٌ (muḥaqqaq) | 'realized', 'verified' | يُقَرِّرُ (yuqarriru) | مُقَرَّرٌ (muqarrar) | 'decided', 'designated' |
yu-fā‘il-u) | مُفَاعِلٌ (mu-fā‘il) | مُفَاعَلٌ (mu-fā‘al) | 'engaged with', 'interacted with' | يُحَاقِقُ (yuḥāqiqu) | مُحَاقَقٌ (muḥāqaq) | 'investigated', 'interrogated' | يُقَارِرُ (yuqāriru) | مُقَارَرٌ (muqārar) | 'compared', 'analyzed' |
yu-f‘il-u) | مُفْعِلٌ (mu-f‘il) | مُفْعَلٌ (mu-f‘al) | 'caused to do', 'instigated' | يُحْقِقُ (yuḥqiqu) | مُحْقَقٌ (muḥqaq) | 'established', 'proven' | يُقْرِرُ (yuqriru) | مُقَرٌّ (muqarr) | 'acknowledged', 'confessed' |
ya-tafa‘‘al-u) | مُتَفَعِّلٌ (mu-tafa‘‘il) | مُتَفَعَّلٌ (mu-tafa‘‘al) | 'became active/intensified' | يَتَحَقَّقُ (yataḥaqqaqu) | مُتَحَقَّقٌ (mutaḥaqqaq) | 'achieved', 'realized' | يَتَقَرَّرُ (yataqarraru) | مُتَقَرَّرٌ (mutaqarrar) | 'decided upon', 'stipulated' |
ya-tafā‘al-u) | مُتَفَاعِلٌ (mu-tafā‘il) | مُتَفَاعَلٌ (mu-tafā‘al) | 'interacted mutually', 'pretended to do' | يَتَحَاقَقُ (yataḥāqaqu) | مُتَحَاقَقٌ (mutaḥāqaq) | 'mutually investigated' | يَتَقَارَرُ (yataqāraru) | مُتَقَارَرٌ (mutaqārar) | 'mutually decided', 'agreed upon' |
yan-fa‘il-u) | مُنْفَعِلٌ (mun-fa‘il) | مُنْفَعَلٌ (mun-fa‘al) | 'became affected', 'got broken' | يَنْحَقِقُ (yanḥaqiqu) | مُنْحَقَقٌ (munḥaqqaq) | 'realized (itself)' | يَنْقَرِرُ (yanqariru) | مُنْقَرٌّ (munqarr) | 'established (itself)' |
yaf-ta‘il-u) | مُفْتَعِلٌ (muf-ta‘il) | مُفْتَعَلٌ (muf-ta‘al) | 'undertook', 'acquired' | يَحْتَقِقُ (yaḥtaqiqu) | مُحْتَقَقٌ (muḥtaqaq) | 'realized (by effort)' | يَقْتَرِرُ (yaqtariru) | مُقْتَرٌّ (muqtar) | 'decided upon (by choice)' |
yas-taf‘il-u) | مُسْتَفْعِلٌ (mus-taf‘il) | مُسْتَفْعَلٌ (mus-taf‘al) | 'sought to do', 'considered' | يَسْتَحْقِقُ (yastaḥqiqu) | مُسْتَحْقَقٌ (mustaḥqaq) | 'deserved', 'merited' | يَسْتَقْرِرُ (yastaqriru) | مُسْتَقَرٌّ (mustaqarr) | 'stabilized', 'settled' |
yaktubu يَكْتُبُ for Form I, yuḥaqqiqu يُحَقِّقُ for Form II).
mu- (مُـ): The initial ya- (يَـ), ta- (تَـ), etc., is swapped for mu- (مُـ). For example, yuḥaqqiqu يُحَقِّقُ becomes muḥaqqiq مُحَقِّق.
muḥaqqiq (active) becomes muḥaqqaq مُحَقَّق (passive).
istaʿmala (اِسْتَعْمَلَ - Form X, 'to use')
yastaʿmilu يَسْتَعْمِلُ
mustaʿmil مُسْتَعْمِل (This is the active participle: 'user', 'one who uses')
mustaʿmal مُسْتَعْمَل (This is the passive participle: 'used', 'that which is used')
istadaʿā (اِسْتَدْعَى - Form X, 'to summon'), the final weak letter often transforms or is dropped, leading to mustadʿā (مُسْتَدْعَى - 'summoned'). These are advanced phonological rules that B1 learners should primarily recognize rather than actively conjugate perfectly.
When To Use It
- 1As Adjectives Describing the Affected Entity:
siyāra mustaʿmala(سَيَّارَة مُسْتَعْمَلَة) – 'a used car' (fromistaʿmalaاِسْتَعْمَلَ 'to use'). Here,mustaʿmalaagrees withsiyārain being feminine, singular, and indefinite.mashrūʿāt munfadhatun(مَشْرُوعَات مُنَفَّذَةٌ) – 'implemented projects' (fromnawwadhaنَوَّذَ 'to implement' - Form II).Munfadhatunagrees with the plural femininemashrūʿāt.mushkila muʿaqqada(مُشْكِلَة مُعَقَّدَة) – 'a complicated problem' (fromʿaqqadaعَقَّدَ 'to complicate' - Form II). The problemmuʿaqqadais one that has been complicated.
- 1As Lexicalized Nouns:
muwaẓẓaf(مُوَظَّف) – 'employee' (literally, 'one who has been employed', fromwaẓẓafaوَظَّفَ 'to employ' - Form II). This is a very common professional title.mustashfā(مُسْتَشْفَى) – 'hospital' (literally, 'a place where healing is sought', fromistashfāاِسْتَشْفَى 'to seek healing' - Form X). Though it looks like a passive participle, its meaning is fixed as a noun of place.mustaqbal(مُسْتَقْبَل) – 'future' (literally, 'that which is received/approached', fromistaqbalaاِسْتَقْبَلَ 'to receive/approach' - Form X).muqarrar(مُقَرَّر) – 'curriculum', 'decision' (literally, 'that which has been decided/determined', fromqarraraقَرَّرَ 'to decide' - Form II).
- 1In Impersonal or Passive Constructions:
al-qānūn muṭabbaq(القَانُون مُطَبَّق) – 'The law is applied' (fromṭabbaqaطَبَّقَ 'to apply' - Form II). This is more common than a full passive verb construction in many contexts.al-muhimma munfadha(المُهِمَّة مُنَفَّذَة) – 'The task is accomplished/executed' (fromnaffadhaنَفَّذَ 'to execute' - Form II). Emphasizes the state of the task.
- 1To Convey a State or Status:
al-bāb mughlaq(البَاب مُغْلَق) – 'The door is closed' (fromaghlaqaأَغْلَقَ 'to close' - Form IV). This describes the current state of the door.al-funduq maḥjūz kāmilan(الفُنْدُق مَحْجُوز كَامِلًا) – 'The hotel is fully booked' (fromḥajazaحَجَزَ 'to book' - Form I, but showing the concept; for derived forms, considermutaḥammilمُتَحَمِّل fromtaḥammalaتَحَمَّلَ 'to bear', meaning 'bearable' or 'supported').
Common Mistakes
- 1Confusing Active and Passive Participles (The
ivs.aVowel):
kasra (ـِـ) before the penultimate radical signifies the active participle (the doer), while a fatha (ـَـ) signifies the passive participle (the done-to).- Mistake: Using
mudarris(مُدَرِّس – 'teacher', active participle fromdarrasaدَرَّسَ 'to teach') when you mean 'taught lesson' (mudarrasمُدَرَّس). - Example Correction: If you say
al-dars mudarris(الدرس مُدَرِّس), you are saying 'The lesson is a teacher'. The correct statement isal-dars mudarras(الدرس مُدَرَّس) – 'The lesson is taught' or 'The taught lesson'. Similarly,al-muwāṭin muthaqqif(المواطن مُثَقِّف) means 'The citizen is a cultural educator', whereasal-muwāṭin muthaqqaf(المواطن مُثَقَّف) means 'The citizen is cultured/educated'. Thekasra(ـِـ) inmuthaqqifmakes them the active agent ofthaqqafa(ثَقَّفَ - 'to educate'), while thefatha(ـَـ) inmuthaqqafmakes them the recipient of that action.
- 1Applying Derived Form Patterns to Form I Verbs:
mafʿūl (مَفْعُول). Attempting to use the mu- prefix with a Form I verb will lead to incorrect or non-existent words.- Mistake: Saying
mumzūj(مَمْزُوج) for 'mixed' (frommazajaمَزَجَ – Form I 'to mix'). - Correction: The correct Form I passive participle is
mamzūj(مَمْزُوج) on themafʿūlpattern. Likewise, for 'opened' fromfataḥa(فَتَحَ – Form I 'to open'), it'smaftūḥ(مَفْتُوح), notmufatṭaḥormunfatiḥ(which would be an active participle from Form VII).
- 1Using Passive Participles with Intransitive Verbs:
- Mistake: Trying to form a passive participle for
jalasa(جَلَسَ – Form I 'to sit') orsaqata(سَقَطَ – Form I 'to fall'). While some derived forms of originally intransitive verbs can become transitive, a direct passive participle of an inherently intransitive verb is illogical. - Correction: Instead of a passive participle, you might use a verbal noun or a different grammatical construction to express the state. For example, to say 'the fallen tree', you'd typically use
ash-shajara al-sāqiṭa(الشجرة الساقطة), using the active participlesāqiṭato describe the state of having fallen, not having been fallen upon.
- 1Incorrect Gender and Number Agreement:
tāʾ marbūṭa (ة) for feminine singular, or the correct plural forms, is a common oversight.- Mistake: Referring to 'used cars' as
sayyārāt mustaʿmal(سَيَّارَات مُسْتَعْمَل) instead ofsayyārāt mustaʿmala(سَيَّارَات مُسْتَعْمَلَة). - Correction:
Mustaʿmal(مُسْتَعْمَل) is masculine singular. Forsayyārāt(سَيَّارَات – plural feminine for non-human nouns, which takes a singular feminine adjective), you needmustaʿmala(مُسْتَعْمَلَة). For 'educated men', you'd userijāl muthaqqafūn(رِجَال مُثَقَّفُون), with the sound masculine plural ending.
Real Conversations
Passive participles are not confined to dusty grammar books; they are vibrant and essential components of modern Arabic communication. You will encounter them daily in news headlines, social media, professional settings, and casual dialogue. They offer a concise and elegant way to convey information without needing to specify the agent of an action, making communication more efficient.
In News and Formal Reports:
News reporting frequently uses passive constructions to maintain objectivity or when the actor is less important than the action's result. Passive participles are perfect for this.
- Headline: Mabnā jadīd muftataḥ fī al-ʿāṣima (مَبْنَى جَدِيد مُفْتَتَح فِي العَاصِمَة) – 'A new building inaugurated in the capital'. (muftataḥ مُفْتَتَح from iftataḥa اِفْتَتَحَ - Form VIII, 'to inaugurate'). It tells us the building has been inaugurated without stating who did it.
- Report: al-qadāyā al-mutaʿalliqa bi-l-bī'a munāqasha fī al-ijtimaʿ (القَضَايَا المُتَعَلِّقَة بِالبِيئَة مُنَاقَشَة فِي الِاجْتِمَاع) – 'Environmental issues discussed in the meeting'. (munāqasha مُنَاقَشَة from nāqasha نَاقَشَ - Form III, 'to discuss'). The focus is on the discussion, not the discussants.
In Job Descriptions and Professional Settings:
Job titles and descriptions heavily rely on lexicalized passive participles and their adjectival uses to specify roles and required states.
- matlūb: muhandis mukhtaṣṣ fī majāl al-taysīr (مَطْلُوب: مُهَنْدِس مُخْتَصّ فِي مَجَال التَّيْسِير) – 'Wanted: a specialized engineer in the field of facilitation'. (mukhtaṣṣ مُخْتَصّ from ikhtaṣṣa اِخْتَصَّ - Form VIII, 'to specialize', here acting as 'specialized').
- mushrif muʿtamad (مُشْرِف مُعْتَمَد) – 'Accredited supervisor'. (muʿtamad مُعْتَمَد from iʿtamada اِعْتَمَدَ - Form VIII, 'to accredit'). This indicates the supervisor has been accredited.
On Social Media and in Casual Chat:
Even in informal contexts, passive participles lend conciseness and are part of common idiomatic expressions.
- Friend texting: al-mawḍūʿ ghayr munāsib li-l-niqāsh al-ān (المَوْضُوع غَيْر مُنَاسِب لِلنِّقَاش الآن) – 'The topic is unsuitable for discussion now'. (munāsib مُنَاسِب is an active participle from nāsaba نَاسَبَ - Form III, 'to suit', but munāqash could also be used from nāqasha). Let's use a better example here for passive: hādhā al-kitāb muqtarah min qibal ṣadīq (هَذَا الكِتَاب مُقْتَرَح مِنْ قِبَل صَدِيق) - 'This book is suggested by a friend'. (muqtarah مُقْتَرَح from iqtaraḥa اِقْتَرَحَ - Form VIII, 'to suggest').
- Comment on a post: ṣūra rāʾiʿa! al-manẓar muṣawwar bi-iḥtirāfiyya (صُورَة رَائِعَة! المَنْظَر مُصَوَّر بِاحْتِرَافِيَّة) – 'Amazing picture! The view is professionally photographed'. (muṣawwar مُصَوَّر from ṣawwara صَوَّرَ - Form II, 'to photograph').
Cultural Insight
Quick FAQ
Yes, when they function as adjectives, they must agree with the noun they describe in all four aspects: gender (masculine/feminine), number (singular/dual/plural), and definiteness (definite/indefinite). For example, kitāb maqrūʾ (كِتَاب مَقْرُوء - 'a read book'), kutub maqrūʾa (كُتُب مَقْرُوءَة - 'read books'). However, when they become lexicalized nouns (e.g., muwaẓẓaf مُوَظَّف 'employee'), they function independently and simply take their own gender and number.
Generally, yes. If a verb can take a direct object (it is transitive), it typically can form a passive participle describing that object. Intransitive verbs (those that do not take a direct object) generally do not form passive participles because there is no 'done-to' entity. For example, you can't have a 'sat-upon' from 'to sit' in the same way you have a 'used thing' from 'to use'.
While the mu- + fatha pattern is highly regular, verbs with weak letters (أ، و، ي - hamzated, hollow, or deficient verbs) will show phonetic adaptations. For instance, Form IV verbs with a final weak letter often have a fatha over the weak letter, like muʿṭā (مُعْطَى - 'given') from aʿṭā (أَعْطَى - 'to give'). Similarly, verbs with a doubled radical (e.g., Form II ḥaqqaqa حَقَّقَ 'to realize') maintain the shadda in the passive participle (muḥaqqaq مُحَقَّق). These are systematic changes based on Arabic phonology rather than true 'exceptions' to the core pattern.
Some words that morphologically resemble passive participles (especially Form X) have lexicalized into nouns of place or time. The most famous example is mustashfā (مُسْتَشْفَى - 'hospital'), which comes from istashfā (اِسْتَشْفَى - 'to seek healing'). While it follows the passive participle pattern, its meaning is fixed as 'a place where healing is sought', effectively functioning as a noun of place, not an adjective. Another example is mustaqarr (مُسْتَقَرّ - 'headquarters', 'residence'), from istaqarra (اِسْتَقَرَّ - 'to settle down'), which is also a noun of place rather than an adjective meaning 'settled'. Context always guides the interpretation.
A passive participle is a nominal form (adjective or noun) describing the state or entity that has undergone an action. It is static. For example, al-bāb mughlaq (البَاب مُغْلَق) means 'The door is closed' (describing the door's state). A passive verb (المجهول - 'unknown' verb) describes the action itself being performed on a subject, without naming the agent. It is dynamic. For example, ughliqa al-bāb (أُغْلِقَ البَاب) means 'The door was closed' (describing the action that occurred). Passive participles are essentially verbal adjectives/nouns, while passive verbs are conjugated verbs.
Absolutely. In fact, they are very commonly used to describe objects, concepts, or animals. al-kitāb muqaddas (الكِتَاب مُقَدَّس) – 'The book is sacred' (from qaddasa قَدَّسَ - Form II, 'to sanctify'). al-ṭaʿām muʿadd (الطَّعَام مُعَدّ) – 'The food is prepared' (from aʿadda أَعَدَّ - Form IV, 'to prepare'). Their flexibility makes them invaluable for describing various aspects of the world.
Passive Participle Formation
| Form | Verb (Past) | Passive Participle | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
|
II
|
عَلَّم
|
مُعَلَّم
|
Taught
|
|
III
|
سَافَر
|
مُسَافَر
|
Traveled
|
|
IV
|
أَرْسَل
|
مُرْسَل
|
Sent
|
|
V
|
تَعَلَّم
|
مُتَعَلَّم
|
Learned
|
|
VI
|
تَبَادَل
|
مُتَبَادَل
|
Exchanged
|
|
VII
|
انْكَسَر
|
مُنْكَسَر
|
Broken
|
|
VIII
|
احْتَرَم
|
مُحْتَرَم
|
Respected
|
|
X
|
اسْتَخْدَم
|
مُسْتَخْدَم
|
Used
|
Meanings
The Passive Participle (Ism al-Maf'ul) functions as an adjective or noun indicating the recipient of an action.
State of being
Describes the condition of an object after an action.
“الباب مُغْلَق. (The door is closed.)”
“التقرير مُرْسَل. (The report is sent.)”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Mu + Root + a + i
|
مُعَلَّم (Taught)
|
|
Negative
|
Ghayr + Participle
|
غير مُعَلَّم (Untaught)
|
|
Feminine
|
Mu + Root + a + i + ah
|
مُعَلَّمة (Taught-fem)
|
|
Plural
|
Mu + Root + a + i + un
|
مُعَلَّمون (Taught-pl)
|
|
Question
|
Hal + Participle
|
هل هو مُعَلَّم؟ (Is he taught?)
|
Formality Spectrum
الملف مُرْسَل. (Work email)
الملف تم إرساله. (Work email)
الملف وصل. (Work email)
الملف طار. (Work email)
Participle Map
Action
- مُرْسَل Sent
State
- مُرَتَّب Organized
Examples by Level
الباب مُغْلَق.
The door is closed.
الطعام مُجَهَّز.
The food is prepared.
البيت مُرَتَّب.
The house is tidy.
الدرس مُحَضَّر.
The lesson is prepared.
التقرير مُرْسَل.
The report is sent.
الطلب مُؤَكَّد.
The order is confirmed.
الفيلم مُتَرْجَم.
The movie is translated.
الموعد مُحَدَّد.
The appointment is set.
المشروع مُنْجَز بالكامل.
The project is fully completed.
هذه الفكرة مُطَوَّرة.
This idea is developed.
القرار مُتَّخَذ.
The decision is made.
المعلومات مُنَظَّمة.
The information is organized.
النتائج مُحَلَّلة بدقة.
The results are analyzed accurately.
الخطة مُعَدَّة مسبقاً.
The plan is prepared in advance.
الأسعار مُخَفَّضة.
The prices are reduced.
الوثائق مُصَدَّقة.
The documents are certified.
السياسات مُعَدَّلة لتناسب الجميع.
The policies are modified to suit everyone.
البيانات مُصَنَّفة حسب الأهمية.
The data is categorized by importance.
المبادرة مُدَعَّمة من الحكومة.
The initiative is supported by the government.
اللوحات مُعَلَّقة بعناية.
The paintings are hung carefully.
النظرية مُفَنَّدة علمياً.
The theory is scientifically refuted.
الآثار مُكْتَشَفة حديثاً.
The ruins are newly discovered.
القرارات مُبَرَّرة منطقياً.
The decisions are logically justified.
المخطوطات مُرَمَّمة بعناية فائقة.
The manuscripts are restored with extreme care.
Easily Confused
Both start with 'mu-'.
Common Mistakes
مُعَلِّم
مُعَلَّم
مُسَافِر
مُسَافَر
مُتَعَلِّم
مُتَعَلَّم
مُسْتَخْدِم
مُسْتَخْدَم
Sentence Patterns
هذا الشيء ___.
Real World Usage
التقرير مُرْسَل.
Check the vowel
Smart Tips
Use the passive participle.
Pronunciation
Vowel length
The 'a' in 'mu-fa'al' is short.
Declarative
التقرير مُرْسَل ↘
Confirming a state.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'Mu' as 'Must be done'. If it 'must be done', it's a passive participle.
Visual Association
Imagine a 'Mu' cow (Moo) wearing a tag that says 'Done'.
Rhyme
Start with Mu, end with a, the passive participle is on its way.
Story
Ahmed is a busy man. His report is 'mursal' (sent), his room is 'murattab' (organized), and his car is 'mu'addal' (modified). Everything is done!
Word Web
Challenge
Look at 5 objects in your room and describe them using the 'Mu' pattern.
Cultural Notes
Often use 'mub' instead of 'mu' in some dialects.
Derived from the root system of Arabic verb forms.
Conversation Starters
هل هذا الكتاب مُتَرْجَم؟
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
Which is passive?
Score: /1
Practice Exercises
1 exercisesWhich is passive?
Score: /1
Practice Bank
11 exercisesPair the Arabic word with its English translation.
A 'candidate' for a job is a 'Murašš__ḥ'.
Which word refers to the 'Doer' (Active)?
Translate: 'The account is disabled.' (use: Mu'aṭṭal)
Arrange: / al-malaff / (The file) / ? / muḥammal / (downloaded) / Hal / (Is)
Hādhā al-kitāb mufaḍḍil (preferred).
What is the passive participle of 'Istaqbala' (to receive)?
A '____ effort' (Juhd ___).
Match the Active form to its Passive counterpart.
Which word means 'Proposed' or 'Suggested'?
Is 'Muthaqqaf' (Educated/Cultured) active or passive?
Score: /11
FAQ (1)
Look for the 'a' vowel before the last letter.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Participio Pasado
Arabic uses a prefix; Spanish uses a suffix.
Participe Passé
French uses auxiliary verbs.
Partizip II
German uses 'ge-' prefix.
Te-form + iru
Arabic is morphological.
Bei construction
Arabic is synthetic.
Ism al-Maf'ul
None.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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