The object is broken or stopped working, focus on the result.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Used when something breaks or stops functioning correctly.
- Intransitive verb focusing on the state of the object.
- Applicable to both physical items and abstract concepts.
Overview
- 1概要:『壊れる』は、ある物が本来の状態から損なわれたり、機能が停止したりした状態を客観的に描写する自動詞です。動作主を強調せず、結果としてそうなったという事実に焦点を当てます。2) 使用パターン:名詞+が+壊れるという構文が基本です。物理的に割れる、砕ける、あるいはシステムや機械が動かなくなる際に使用されます。また、抽象的な概念に対しても『計画が壊れる』のように使われます。3) 一般的な文脈:日常生活では、電化製品、家具、食器などが壊れた際に頻繁に使われます。また、健康状態が悪いときや、人間関係が良好でなくなった際にも用いられます。4) 類語との比較:『壊れる』は自動詞ですが、対になる他動詞は『壊す』です。また、『故障する』は機械に限定されますが、『壊れる』はより広い範囲の物や事象に使えます。『崩れる』は形が崩れ落ちるニュアンスが強く、『壊れる』は機能の喪失に焦点が置かれます。
Examples
時計が壊れた。
everydayThe clock broke.
システムが壊れてしまいました。
formalThe system has broken down.
おもちゃが壊れちゃった。
informalThe toy broke.
構造的な欠陥により、建物が壊れた。
academicThe building collapsed due to structural defects.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
壊れやすい
Fragile
壊れていない
Not broken
壊れかけの
Half-broken
Often Confused With
Specifically used for mechanical or system failures. '壊れる' is broader and can be used for physical breakage.
This is the transitive pair. It requires an agent, whereas '壊れる' describes the state without an agent.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
Use '壊れる' for states where an object is no longer functional. It is an intransitive verb, so it pairs with the particle 'が'. It is neutral in register but can be used in both formal and informal settings.
Common Mistakes
Learners often use '壊れる' when they mean '壊す' by saying '私が時計を壊れた'. This is grammatically incorrect because '壊れる' cannot take an object marked by 'を'. Always remember the intransitive/transitive pair.
Tips
Focus on the result not the agent
Remember that '壊れる' emphasizes the state of the object. Use it when the cause is unknown or irrelevant.
Avoid using with intentional actions
Do not use '壊れる' if you want to say someone broke it. Use '壊す' instead to show agency.
The importance of state descriptions
Japanese culture values the state of things. Describing things as 'broken' without pointing fingers is often more polite.
Word Origin
Derived from the verb '壊す' (to break). It follows the standard Japanese intransitive verb formation pattern.
Cultural Context
Japanese often uses intransitive verbs to avoid blaming specific people for accidents. This reflects a cultural preference for harmony.
Memory Tip
Think of a 'co-broken' item. If it's 'co-broken' (壊れる), it just happened to be broken.
Frequently Asked Questions
3 questions「壊れる」は自動詞で、何かが勝手に壊れた状態を言います。一方、「壊す」は他動詞で、誰かが意図的または不注意で壊す行為を指します。
はい、比喩的に使われます。精神的に追い詰められた状態を「心が壊れる」や、体調を崩すことを「体が壊れる」と言います。
「故障する」は機械やシステムが動かなくなることに限定されます。「壊れる」は物理的な破壊も含むため、より広い意味で使えます。
Test Yourself
昨日、お気に入りの花瓶が___。
過去の出来事であり、自動詞の過去形が必要です。
Score: /1
Summary
The object is broken or stopped working, focus on the result.
- Used when something breaks or stops functioning correctly.
- Intransitive verb focusing on the state of the object.
- Applicable to both physical items and abstract concepts.
Focus on the result not the agent
Remember that '壊れる' emphasizes the state of the object. Use it when the cause is unknown or irrelevant.
Avoid using with intentional actions
Do not use '壊れる' if you want to say someone broke it. Use '壊す' instead to show agency.
The importance of state descriptions
Japanese culture values the state of things. Describing things as 'broken' without pointing fingers is often more polite.
Examples
4 of 4時計が壊れた。
The clock broke.
システムが壊れてしまいました。
The system has broken down.
おもちゃが壊れちゃった。
The toy broke.
構造的な欠陥により、建物が壊れた。
The building collapsed due to structural defects.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
Related Grammar Rules
Related Vocabulary
More general words
能力
A1Nouryoku refers to the mental or physical power, skill, or capacity required to perform a specific task or function. It can describe both innate talent and skills acquired through learning and practice.
異常
A1A word used to describe something that deviates from the normal state, standard, or expected pattern. It often implies a problem, malfunction, or an extraordinary occurrence that requires attention or investigation.
~について
A2About, concerning; indicates topic.
〜について
B1About, concerning; on the subject of.
~ぐらい
A2about, approximately
ぐらい
A2About; approximately; to the extent of.
ごろ
A2About, approximately (time).
うえ
A2At a higher position than.
絶対
B1Absolutely; definitely; never.
絶対に
B1Absolutely; definitely.