Asking 'How Many': jǐ vs duōshao
几 for small expected amounts (<10) with a measure word; use 多少 for everything else.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use {几|jǐ} for small numbers (under 10) and {多少|duōshao} for larger or unknown quantities.
- Use {几|jǐ} + measure word + noun for numbers likely under 10: {你有几个苹果?|Nǐ yǒu jǐ gè píngguǒ?}
- Use {多少|duōshao} for numbers likely over 10: {学校里有多少学生?|Xuéxiào lǐ yǒu duōshao xuéshēng?}
- Use {多少|duōshao} when you have no idea of the quantity: {这件衣服多少钱?|Zhè jiàn yīfu duōshao qián?}
Overview
In Mandarin Chinese, expressing the concept of “how many” or “how much” involves a critical distinction between two interrogative pronouns: 几 (jǐ) and 多少 (duōshao). While both translate to similar phrases in English, their usage is governed by the speaker's expectation of the quantity being inquired about. This nuance is fundamental to sounding natural and precise when asking quantitative questions.
几 is used when you anticipate a small, discrete number, typically less than ten, and it always demands the presence of a measure word. In contrast, 多少 is employed when you expect a larger, unknown, or indefinite quantity, and it offers flexibility regarding the use of measure words.
The strategic choice between 几 and 多少 reflects a deeper linguistic principle in Chinese: a preference for numerical specificity, even in an interrogative context. This rule is not merely a formality; it conveys subtle but significant social and contextual information, influencing how your question is perceived. Mastering this distinction is crucial for A2 learners transitioning from basic sentence structures to more contextually appropriate and nuanced communication.
Incorrect usage can lead to misunderstandings or, at the very least, an unnatural sounding query. By understanding the underlying logic and practical applications of 几 and duōshao, you gain a powerful tool for effective communication.
How This Grammar Works
几 and 多少 lies in the speaker's pre-conception of the quantity. This isn't about the actual answer, but your expected range of the answer. 几 inherently implies a specific, small numerical range, typically from one to nine.你家有几口人? (Nǐ jiā yǒu jǐ kǒu rén? – How many people are in your family?) uses 几 because most families typically have a small number of members.多少 carries no inherent expectation of quantity. You use it when the number is genuinely unknown, when you anticipate a large quantity, or when the quantity is fluid and potentially limitless, like money or population. If you ask 你们学校有多少学生? (Nǐmen xuéxiào yǒu duōshao xuéshēng? – How many students are in your school?), 多少 is appropriate because school populations can range from dozens to tens of thousands.多少 the default choice when uncertainty prevails.几. Chinese nouns are almost always classified by measure words (量词 | liàngcí) when counted. With 几, this classifier is non-negotiable.你几书? (Nǐ jǐ shū? – a grammatically incorrect phrase) is akin to saying “how many book?” in English; it feels incomplete and ungrammatical. The correct form is 你有几本书? (Nǐ yǒu jǐ běn shū? – How many books do you have?), where 本 (běn) is the measure word for books. This strict requirement emphasizes the specific, quantifiable nature 几 implies.几 (jǐ) | 多少 (duōshao) |多少, however, is more flexible with measure words. While you can use a measure word with 多少 (e.g., 多少个学生 | duōshao gè xuéshēng), it is often omitted, especially in casual speech or when the noun itself implies a collective quantity. 多少学生 (duōshao xuéshēng) is perfectly natural and common.多少's role in addressing broader, less precisely defined quantities. The origin of 几 traces back to classical Chinese where it often carried the sense of “a few” or “several,” solidifying its association with smaller, discrete counts. 多少, a compound of 多 (many/much) and 少 (few/little), inherently covers the spectrum from small to large, making it the more general interrogative.Formation Pattern
几 and 多少 follows a straightforward pattern, but strict adherence to measure word placement is essential, particularly for 几. The basic structure places the interrogative pronoun, followed by the (optional) measure word, and then the noun being quantified. The subject and verb typically precede this quantitative phrase.
几 (jǐ)
几, the measure word is an indispensable component, acting as a bridge between the number (implied by 几) and the noun. Without it, the construction is grammatically incomplete.
几 + Measure Word + Noun + ? | 你有几本书? | Nǐ yǒu jǐ běn shū? | How many books do you have? |
现在几点? | Xiànzài jǐ diǎn? | What time is it now? |
今天星期几? | Jīntiān xīngqī jǐ? | What day of the week is it today? |
你今天有几节课? (Nǐ jīntiān yǒu jǐ jié kè? – How many classes do you have today?) Here, 节 (jié) is the measure word for classes.
你的手机有几个App? (Nǐ de shǒujī yǒu jǐ gè App? – How many apps are on your phone?) 个 (gè) is a general measure word.
这个房间有几扇窗? (Zhège fángjiān yǒu jǐ shàn chuāng? – How many windows does this room have?) 扇 (shàn) is the measure word for windows.
多少 (duōshao)
多少 offers more flexibility. While a measure word can be included, it is often omitted, especially when referring to large, general, or abstract quantities. Both forms are grammatically correct, with the omission often making the question sound slightly more informal or concise.
多少 + (Measure Word) + Noun + ? | 你们学校有多少学生? | Nǐmen xuéxiào yǒu duōshao xuéshēng? | How many students are in your school? |\
这个多少钱? | Zhège duōshao qián? | How much is this? |\
一年有多少天? | Yī nián yǒu duōshao tiān? | How many days are in a year? |
你花了多少时间来中国? (Nǐ huā le duōshao shíjiān lái Zhōngguó? – How much time did you spend coming to China?) 时间 (shíjiān) often doesn't use a measure word directly, but 多少 precedes it directly.
你有多少朋友? (Nǐ yǒu duōshao péngyǒu? – How many friends do you have?) This implies a potentially large or unknown number.
你的工资是多少? (Nǐ de gōngzī shì duōshao? – How much is your salary?) Money is always asked with 多少钱 or 是多少.
When To Use It
几 and 多少 is primarily guided by the context and your expected numerical range for the answer. This subtle yet powerful distinction allows for precise and socially appropriate questioning.几 (jǐ) – For Small, Discrete Quantities几 when you anticipate an answer that is a single digit, generally between one and nine. This often applies to items that naturally come in small sets or when you are inquiring about specific, countable entities.- Time and Dates: This is one of the most consistent uses. Since there are only 12 hours on a clock face, 7 days in a week, and a specific number of months in a year,
几is almost universally used. 现在几点?(Xiànzài jǐ diǎn?– What time is it now?)你的生日是几月几号?(Nǐ de shēngrì shì jǐ yuè jǐ hào?– What month and day is your birthday?)你每个星期工作几天?(Nǐ měi ge xīngqī gōngzuò jǐ tiān?– How many days do you work each week?)
- Small, Countable Objects or People: When the group size is typically small,
几is the natural choice. 你们班有几个同学?(Nǐmen bān yǒu jǐ ge tóngxué?– How many classmates are in your class?) – expecting a specific, manageable number.你今天买了几个苹果?(Nǐ jīntiān mǎi le jǐ ge píngguǒ?– How many apples did you buy today?) – assuming a small purchase.
- Age of Children: For children, it is customary and polite to use
几岁(jǐ suì). 你几岁了?(Nǐ jǐ suì le?– How old are you? [for a child])
- Compound Numbers (as part of a larger number):
几can appear in larger numbers to mean
3. Interrogative Usage Table
| Interrogative | Expected Scale | Measure Word | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
{几|jǐ}
|
Small (<10)
|
Mandatory
|
{你有几个苹果?|Nǐ yǒu jǐ gè píngguǒ?}
|
|
{多少|duōshao}
|
Large/Unknown
|
Optional
|
{你有多少苹果?|Nǐ yǒu duōshao píngguǒ?}
|
Common Shortened Forms
| Full Form | Shortened Form |
|---|---|
|
{多少钱|duōshao qián}
|
{多少|duōshao}
|
|
{多少个人|duōshao gè rén}
|
{多少人|duōshao rén}
|
Meanings
These are the two primary ways to ask 'how many' or 'how much' in Chinese.
Small count
Asking for a quantity expected to be less than 10.
“{你有几本书?|Nǐ yǒu jǐ běn shū?}”
“{今天有几个人来?|Jīntiān yǒu jǐ gè rén lái?}”
Large/Unknown count
Asking for a quantity expected to be 10 or more, or completely unknown.
“{这儿有多少人?|Zhèr yǒu duōshao rén?}”
“{你们学校有多少老师?|Nǐmen xuéxiào yǒu duōshao lǎoshī?}”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
{几|jǐ}
|
{几|jǐ} + MW + Noun
|
{你有几本书?|Nǐ yǒu jǐ běn shū?}
|
|
{多少|duōshao}
|
{多少|duōshao} + (MW) + Noun
|
{这儿有多少人?|Zhèr yǒu duōshao rén?}
|
|
{几|jǐ} (Age)
|
{几|jǐ} + {岁|suì}
|
{你几岁了?|Nǐ jǐ suì le?}
|
|
{多少|duōshao} (Price)
|
{多少|duōshao} + {钱|qián}
|
{这个多少钱?|Zhège duōshao qián?}
|
|
{几|jǐ} (Time)
|
{几|jǐ} + {点|diǎn}
|
{现在几点了?|Xiànzài jǐ diǎn le?}
|
|
{多少|duōshao} (Abstract)
|
{多少|duōshao} + Noun
|
{需要多少时间?|Xūyào duōshao shíjiān?}
|
Formality Spectrum
{请问这个多少钱?|Qǐngwèn zhège duōshao qián?} (Shopping)
{这个多少钱?|Zhège duōshao qián?} (Shopping)
{多少钱?|Duōshao qián?} (Shopping)
{多少?|Duōshao?} (Shopping)
Interrogative Scale
Small Scale
- {几|jǐ} Under 10
Large Scale
- {多少|duōshao} 10+ or Unknown
Usage Comparison
Examples by Level
{你有几个朋友?|Nǐ yǒu jǐ gè péngyǒu?}
How many friends do you have?
{今天有几个人?|Jīntiān yǒu jǐ gè rén?}
How many people are there today?
{这是多少钱?|Zhè shì duōshao qián?}
How much is this?
{学校有多少学生?|Xuéxiào yǒu duōshao xuéshēng?}
How many students are in the school?
{你几岁了?|Nǐ jǐ suì le?}
How old are you? (for a child)
{你有几本书?|Nǐ yǒu jǐ běn shū?}
How many books do you have?
{这儿有多少人?|Zhèr yǒu duōshao rén?}
How many people are here?
{你们有多少时间?|Nǐmen yǒu duōshao shíjiān?}
How much time do you have?
{你家有几口人?|Nǐ jiā yǒu jǐ kǒu rén?}
How many people are in your family?
{你买了几个苹果?|Nǐ mǎi le jǐ gè píngguǒ?}
How many apples did you buy?
{这个城市有多少人口?|Zhège chéngshì yǒu duōshao rénkǒu?}
What is the population of this city?
{我们需要多少钱?|Wǒmen xūyào duōshao qián?}
How much money do we need?
{你还有几个问题?|Nǐ hái yǒu jǐ gè wèntí?}
How many more questions do you have?
{这儿有几家饭店?|Zhèr yǒu jǐ jiā fàndiàn?}
How many restaurants are here?
{这本字典多少钱?|Zhè běn zìdiǎn duōshao qián?}
How much is this dictionary?
{你们公司有多少员工?|Nǐmen gōngsī yǒu duōshao yuángōng?}
How many employees does your company have?
{你这几天有几个会议?|Nǐ zhè jǐ tiān yǒu jǐ gè huìyì?}
How many meetings do you have in the next few days?
{这儿有几条路可以走?|Zhèr yǒu jǐ tiáo lù kěyǐ zǒu?}
How many roads can we take here?
{这个项目需要多少预算?|Zhège xiàngmù xūyào duōshao yùsuàn?}
How much budget does this project require?
{你觉得有多少人会来?|Nǐ juéde yǒu duōshao rén huì lái?}
How many people do you think will come?
{你这辈子有几个遗憾?|Nǐ zhè bèizi yǒu jǐ gè yíhàn?}
How many regrets do you have in your life?
{这几本书有几个版本?|Zhè jǐ běn shū yǒu jǐ gè bǎnběn?}
How many editions do these books have?
{这件事情有多少可能性?|Zhè jiàn shìqing yǒu duōshao kěnéngxìng?}
How much possibility is there for this matter?
{我们需要多少耐心?|Wǒmen xūyào duōshao nàixīn?}
How much patience do we need?
Easily Confused
Learners often use {几|jǐ} for everything.
Learners forget the measure word.
Learners think they MUST use a measure word.
Common Mistakes
{你有几苹果?|Nǐ yǒu jǐ píngguǒ?}
{你有几个苹果?|Nǐ yǒu jǐ gè píngguǒ?}
{这件衣服几钱?|Zhè jiàn yīfu jǐ qián?}
{这件衣服多少钱?|Zhè jiàn yīfu duōshao qián?}
{你有多少个书?|Nǐ yǒu duōshao gè shū?}
{你有多少本书?|Nǐ yǒu duōshao běn shū?}
{几人?|Jǐ rén?}
{几个人?|Jǐ gè rén?}
{学校里有几学生?|Xuéxiào lǐ yǒu jǐ xuéshēng?}
{学校里有多少学生?|Xuéxiào lǐ yǒu duōshao xuéshēng?}
{你几岁了?|Nǐ jǐ suì le?} (to an adult)
{你多大了?|Nǐ duō dà le?}
{多少个书?|Duōshao gè shū?}
{多少本书?|Duōshao běn shū?}
{这个项目需要几钱?|Zhège xiàngmù xūyào jǐ qián?}
{这个项目需要多少钱?|Zhège xiàngmù xūyào duōshao qián?}
{你有几兄弟姐妹?|Nǐ yǒu jǐ xiōngdì jiěmèi?}
{你有几个兄弟姐妹?|Nǐ yǒu jǐ gè xiōngdì jiěmèi?}
{这儿有几人?|Zhèr yǒu jǐ rén?}
{这儿有几个人?|Zhèr yǒu jǐ gè rén?}
{这件事情有几可能性?|Zhè jiàn shìqing yǒu jǐ kěnéngxìng?}
{这件事情有多少可能性?|Zhè jiàn shìqing yǒu duōshao kěnéngxìng?}
{我们需要几耐心?|Wǒmen xūyào jǐ nàixīn?}
{我们需要多少耐心?|Wǒmen xūyào duōshao nàixīn?}
{这几本书有几版本?|Zhè jǐ běn shū yǒu jǐ bǎnběn?}
{这几本书有几个版本?|Zhè jǐ běn shū yǒu jǐ gè bǎnběn?}
{你这辈子有几遗憾?|Nǐ zhè bèizi yǒu jǐ yíhàn?}
{你这辈子有几个遗憾?|Nǐ zhè bèizi yǒu jǐ gè yíhàn?}
Sentence Patterns
你有___个___吗?
这个___多少钱?
你们学校有___学生?
你今天有___会议?
Real World Usage
{这个多少钱?|Zhège duōshao qián?}
{你有几本书?|Nǐ yǒu jǐ běn shū?}
{你有几个粉丝?|Nǐ yǒu jǐ gè fěnsī?}
{这儿有几家酒店?|Zhèr yǒu jǐ jiā jiǔdiàn?}
{你们公司有多少员工?|Nǐmen gōngsī yǒu duōshao yuángōng?}
{我要几个筷子?|Wǒ yào jǐ gè kuàizi?}
Scale Check
Measure Word Trap
Shopping Hack
Politeness
Smart Tips
Always use {多少|duōshao}.
Use {几|jǐ} for small groups.
Default to {多少|duōshao}.
Always pair {几|jǐ} with one.
Pronunciation
Tone of {几|jǐ}
Third tone, keep it low.
Tone of {多少|duōshao}
First tone + neutral tone.
Question intonation
Sentence + ?
Rising pitch at the end.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of {几|jǐ} as a 'small' bird chirping (a few), and {多少|duōshao} as a 'large' crowd of people.
Visual Association
Imagine a tiny hand holding 3 fingers for {几|jǐ}, and a giant stadium filled with thousands of people for {多少|duōshao}.
Rhyme
Small is {几|jǐ}, big is {多少|duōshao}, use them right, and you'll be a pro!
Story
Xiao Wang went to the store. He wanted 3 apples, so he asked '{几个苹果?|Jǐ gè píngguǒ?}'. Then he saw a giant pile of oranges and asked '{多少橘子?|Duōshao júzi?}'. The shopkeeper smiled at his perfect grammar.
Word Web
Challenge
Ask 3 people today how many things they have using both {几|jǐ} and {多少|duōshao}.
Cultural Notes
Very common to use {多少|duōshao} for price.
Similar usage, but sometimes {几|jǐ} is used more broadly in casual speech.
They often map their own 'how many' directly to {几|jǐ} and {多少|duōshao}.
Both are ancient interrogatives.
Conversation Starters
{你家有几口人?|Nǐ jiā yǒu jǐ kǒu rén?}
{这件衣服多少钱?|Zhè jiàn yīfu duōshao qián?}
{你今天有几个会议?|Nǐ jīntiān yǒu jǐ gè huìyì?}
{你觉得这个项目需要多少预算?|Nǐ juéde zhège xiàngmù xūyào duōshao yùsuàn?}
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
你有___个朋友?
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
这件衣服几钱?
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
How many students are there?
Answer starts with: 有多少...
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
A: 你家有几口人? B: _____
Use {多少|duōshao} + {时间|shíjiān}
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercises你有___个朋友?
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
这件衣服几钱?
钱 / 多少 / 这个 / 是
How many students are there?
Match: A. {几岁|jǐ suì} B. {多少钱|duōshao qián}
A: 你家有几口人? B: _____
Use {多少|duōshao} + {时间|shíjiān}
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises这个苹果____钱?
How many books do you have? (Small amount expected)
Asking a child their age:
多少 / 学生 / 学校 / 有 / 你们
你有几朋友?
Match the usage:
你要买____张票? (Expects 2 tickets)
How many people are in China?
Your phone number is...?
咖啡 / 多少 / 杯 / 你 / 喝
Score: /10
FAQ (8)
No, {几|jǐ} is for small numbers. Use {多少|duōshao}.
Yes, it's mandatory.
Yes, it's optional.
Always {多少|duōshao}.
Use {多少|duōshao}.
Yes, for children.
Because prices are usually >10.
It's neutral and used everywhere.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
cuántos/cuántas
Chinese forces a scale choice.
combien de
Chinese forces a scale choice.
wie viele
Chinese scale vs German countability.
ikutsu/ikura
Chinese scale vs Japanese category.
kam
Chinese forces a scale choice.
{几|jǐ}/{多少|duōshao}
None.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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