被告
被告 in 30 Seconds
- The term '被告' (bèigào) means 'defendant' in legal contexts.
- It refers to the person or party accused in a lawsuit or criminal charge.
- It is used in courtrooms, legal news, and academic discussions.
- Distinguish '被告' from '原告' (plaintiff) and '嫌疑人' (suspect).
- Meaning
- The word '被告' (bèigào) in Chinese directly translates to 'defendant' in English, specifically within a legal context. It refers to the person or party against whom a lawsuit or criminal charge is brought. This term is fundamental in discussions about the legal system, court proceedings, and the rights and responsibilities of individuals involved in legal disputes.
- Legal Context
- In any legal system, there are typically two main parties involved in a case: the accuser (plaintiff or prosecutor) and the accused (defendant). '被告' clearly identifies the latter. This term is used in various legal documents, court debates, news reports about trials, and everyday conversations when discussing legal matters. Understanding '被告' is crucial for comprehending the structure of legal proceedings and the roles of different participants.
- Usage Examples
- You will encounter '被告' when reading about court cases, such as: '这位律师专门为被告辩护。' (This lawyer specializes in defending the defendant.) or '法庭宣布被告无罪。' (The court declared the defendant not guilty.) The term is integral to understanding legal outcomes and the process of justice.
- Broader Implications
- Beyond the courtroom, the concept of a 'defendant' is about facing accusations or claims. While '被告' is primarily a legal term, its underlying meaning relates to being the subject of a formal complaint or charge. This can extend to academic reviews where a student might be the 'defendant' against a plagiarism accusation, or even in a social context where someone is 'accused' of wrongdoing. However, its most precise and common usage remains firmly within the legal domain. Recognizing this term helps in parsing complex legal narratives and understanding the adversarial nature of many legal systems.
在庭审中,被告有权保持沉默。
律师正在为被告准备证据。
- Basic Sentence Structure
- The most straightforward way to use '被告' is to identify the party in a legal case. It often appears after the subject of the sentence or as the object of a verb related to legal actions. For example, '他是被告。' (He is the defendant.) This structure is clear and direct.
- With Verbs of Legal Action
- '被告' frequently pairs with verbs that describe legal proceedings or the actions of legal professionals. Common verbs include '起诉' (qǐsù - to sue), '传唤' (chuánhuàn - to summon), '审判' (shěnpàn - to try/judge), and '辩护' (biànhù - to defend). For instance, '法院被告传唤到庭。' (The court summoned the defendant to appear.) or '律师为被告进行了无罪辩护。' (The lawyer presented a defense of innocence for the defendant.)
- In News Reporting
- News articles about trials commonly use '被告' to refer to the accused party. You might see sentences like: '该案的被告是一位知名商人。' (The defendant in this case is a well-known businessman.) or '经过数周的审理,被告最终被判有罪。' (After several weeks of trial, the defendant was ultimately found guilty.)
- Describing Legal Status
- '被告' can also be used to describe the legal status of an individual or entity. For example, '他现在是这起案件的被告。' (He is now the defendant in this case.) This emphasizes their position within the legal framework.
- In Formal Legal Documents
- In more formal settings, such as legal judgments or contracts, '被告' will be used precisely to identify the party against whom claims are made. For example, '原告与被告就赔偿问题达成和解。' (The plaintiff and the defendant reached a settlement regarding compensation.)
这名被告否认所有指控。
律师正在为被告争取最有利的判决。
- Courtroom Proceedings
- The most common place to hear '被告' is within the walls of a courtroom. Judges, lawyers, and court officials will use this term when referring to the party accused of a crime or civil wrong. You'll hear it during the reading of charges, the presentation of evidence, and the final verdict. For instance, a judge might say, '请被告陈述一下自己的情况。' (Please, defendant, state your situation.)
- News and Media
- When legal dramas or real-life court cases are reported in the news, '被告' is a staple term. News anchors, reporters, and commentators discussing trials will frequently use it. If you watch Chinese news programs that cover legal affairs or read Chinese newspapers, you are very likely to encounter '被告' in reports about arrests, trials, and legal judgments. For example, a news headline might read: '某公司被告环境污染案。' (A certain company is the defendant in an environmental pollution case.)
- Legal Dramas and Movies
- Chinese television shows and movies that focus on law, crime, or courtroom battles will invariably feature the term '被告'. These fictional portrayals often dramatize the legal process, and '被告' is used to identify the central figure facing accusations. Listening to these dramas can be a good way to practice recognizing the word in context.
- Law School and Legal Studies
- For anyone studying law in Chinese, '被告' is a fundamental term that will be used extensively in lectures, textbooks, and discussions. Legal scholars and students will use it when dissecting cases, discussing legal principles, and debating judicial outcomes.
- Formal Debates and Discussions
- In more formal settings where legal matters are discussed, such as academic conferences or public forums addressing legal reforms, '被告' will be used to refer to the party facing charges. Even in discussions about human rights or the justice system, this term will appear when referring to individuals or entities subjected to legal proceedings.
在电视剧里,我们经常听到律师说:“我的被告是无辜的。”
新闻报道中提到,被告对判决表示不满。
- Confusing with '原告' (Plaintiff)
- The most frequent mistake learners make is confusing '被告' (defendant) with '原告' (yuángào - plaintiff or prosecutor). The '原告' is the party who initiates the lawsuit or brings the charges, while the '被告' is the party against whom the suit or charges are brought. Remembering that '被' (bèi) often indicates being acted upon can help; the '被告' is the one being acted upon by the legal system (being sued or charged).
- Using it in Non-Legal Contexts
- While the concept of being accused exists in many situations, '被告' is strictly a legal term. Using it to describe someone who is simply being criticized or is in trouble for a minor social transgression would be incorrect and sound unnatural. For example, you wouldn't call a child who broke a vase the '被告' in a family argument; you might use words like '犯错' (fàncuò - to make a mistake) or '受批评' (shòu pīpíng - to be criticized).
- Pronunciation Errors
- Mispronouncing the tones, especially the third tone in '被' (bèi) and the fourth tone in '告' (gào), can lead to misunderstandings. Incorrect pronunciation might make the word sound similar to other words or simply be difficult for native speakers to understand. Practice the tones carefully: bèi gào.
- Using '被告' as a General Noun for 'Accused'
- Learners might mistakenly use '被告' to refer to anyone who is accused of something, even outside a formal legal setting. For instance, saying '他是这次考试作弊的被告' (He is the defendant of cheating on this exam) is incorrect. A more appropriate phrasing would be '他是这次考试作弊的嫌疑人' (He is the suspect of cheating on this exam) or simply state that he '被指控作弊' (bèi zhǐkòng zuòbì - was accused of cheating).
- Confusing with '控告' (to accuse)
- '控告' (kònggào) is a verb meaning 'to accuse' or 'to charge'. It's easy for learners to confuse this verb with '被告' (defendant), which is a noun. For example, one might incorrectly say '他被告了' when they mean '他被控告了' (He was accused). The former implies he *is* the defendant, while the latter describes the action of being accused.
不要把“被告”和“原告”搞混,它们是案件中的两个相对角色。
在法律语境之外使用“被告”会显得不恰当。
- 原告 (yuángào) vs. 被告 (bèigào)
- This is the most fundamental pair. '原告' is the plaintiff or prosecutor (the one bringing the case), while '被告' is the defendant (the one being sued or charged). They are direct opposites in a legal context. Understanding this distinction is crucial for comprehending any legal scenario. For example, in a civil lawsuit, the '原告' claims harm and seeks remedy, while the '被告' must respond to these claims.
- 嫌疑人 (xiányírén) vs. 被告 (bèigào)
- '嫌疑人' means 'suspect'. This term is used during the investigation phase, before formal charges are filed. Once charges are formally brought, the suspect becomes the '被告'. So, '嫌疑人' precedes '被告' in the legal process. For instance, the police might apprehend a '嫌疑人', but it's the prosecutor who decides whether to charge them and make them a '被告'.
- 罪犯 (zuìfàn) vs. 被告 (bèigào)
- '罪犯' means 'criminal' or 'offender'. This term implies guilt and a conviction. A '被告' is someone accused, and they are presumed innocent until proven guilty. Therefore, a '被告' might ultimately be found not guilty and thus never become a '罪犯'. Conversely, a '罪犯' is someone who has been legally determined to have committed a crime.
- 当事人 (dāngshìrén) vs. 被告 (bèigào)
- '当事人' is a more general term meaning 'party involved' or 'person concerned'. It can refer to any person directly involved in a legal case, including the plaintiff, defendant, witnesses, or even legal representatives in some contexts. '被告' is a specific type of '当事人'. So, all '被告' are '当事人', but not all '当事人' are '被告'.
- 受审者 (shòushěnzhě) vs. 被告 (bèigào)
- '受审者' literally means 'one who is tried'. This term is very close in meaning to '被告' and can sometimes be used interchangeably, especially when referring to the person actively undergoing a trial. However, '被告' is the more standard and widely used legal term for the accused party from the moment charges are filed.
“原告”是发起诉讼的人,“被告”是应诉的人。
“嫌疑人”是警方调查的对象,“被告”是法院审理的对象。
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The character '被' historically depicted a quilt or cover, symbolizing being covered or enveloped. In its usage here, it signifies being enveloped by accusations or legal proceedings. The character '告' has ancient roots related to reporting or announcing, hence its connection to formal charges.
Pronunciation Guide
- Incorrect tones: Pronouncing '被' with a rising tone or '告' with a neutral tone.
- Blurring the tones: Not making the falling tones distinct enough.
- Pronouncing '告' too softly: The 'gào' sound needs to be clear and have a definite ending.
Difficulty Rating
Requires understanding of legal context. Once the context is clear, the word itself is straightforward.
Correct usage depends heavily on understanding legal terminology and context. Avoid using it outside of legal settings.
Pronunciation is key. Understanding when to use it appropriately in conversation is also important.
Easily recognizable in legal contexts, but might be missed if the listener is not familiar with legal jargon.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
The passive voice marker '被' (bèi).
他被起诉了。(He was prosecuted.) '被告' utilizes this passive construction conceptually.
Noun phrases indicating roles.
他是这起案件的被告。(He is the defendant of this case.)
Using verbs with legal implications.
律师为被告辩护。(The lawyer defends the defendant.)
Distinguishing between nouns and verbs (e.g., 被告 vs. 控告).
他被控告了。(He was accused.) vs. 他是被告。(He is the defendant.)
Using measure words/classifiers for people.
这位被告。(This defendant.)
Examples by Level
他是这起案件的被告。
He is the defendant in this case.
Simple identification of role.
律师正在为被告辩护。
The lawyer is defending the defendant.
Verb '辩护' (defend) used with '被告'.
法院传唤被告出庭。
The court summoned the defendant to appear in court.
Verb '传唤' (summon) used with '被告'.
新闻报道了被告的审判过程。
The news reported on the trial process of the defendant.
Describes an action related to the defendant.
这名被告否认了所有指控。
This defendant denied all the charges.
Describes the defendant's plea.
法律规定被告有权聘请律师。
The law stipulates that the defendant has the right to hire a lawyer.
States a right of the defendant.
在民事案件中,被告是受到指控的一方。
In a civil case, the defendant is the party against whom charges are brought.
Defines the role in a civil case.
法官向被告宣布了判决结果。
The judge announced the verdict to the defendant.
Action of the judge towards the defendant.
该被告在庭审中表现得非常镇定,尽管面临严峻的指控。
The defendant appeared very calm during the trial, despite facing serious charges.
Describes the demeanor of the defendant.
律师团正在为被告搜集一切可能的证据以证明其清白。
The legal team is gathering all possible evidence for the defendant to prove their innocence.
Action of legal team in support of the defendant.
一旦被正式起诉,嫌疑人就转变为被告。
Once formally indicted, a suspect transforms into a defendant.
Explains the transition in legal status.
公众对这名被告的案件给予了高度关注。
The public paid close attention to the case of this defendant.
Describes public interest in the defendant's case.
如果被告无力支付律师费,法院将为其指定公派律师。
If the defendant is unable to afford legal fees, the court will appoint a public defender for them.
Discusses legal aid for the defendant.
检方认为被告的行为构成了犯罪。
The prosecution believes the defendant's actions constitute a crime.
Prosecution's perspective on the defendant's actions.
在辩论环节,控辩双方围绕被告的意图展开激烈交锋。
During the debate segment, the prosecution and defense clashed fiercely over the defendant's intent.
Describes a key element of legal debate concerning the defendant.
最终的判决将取决于法官对被告是否有罪的裁定。
The final verdict will depend on the judge's ruling on the defendant's guilt.
Links the verdict to the defendant's guilt.
在法律程序中,被告享有沉默权,即有权不回答可能使自己陷入困境的任何问题。
In legal proceedings, the defendant has the right to remain silent, meaning they have the right not to answer any questions that might incriminate them.
Explains a specific legal right of the defendant.
尽管被告的律师提出了多项异议,但法官仍依据现有证据推进了庭审。
Although the defendant's lawyer raised multiple objections, the judge proceeded with the trial based on the existing evidence.
Describes a procedural aspect of the trial involving the defendant's lawyer.
本案的被告是一位在国际上享有盛誉的企业家,其案件备受瞩目。
The defendant in this case is an internationally renowned entrepreneur, whose case has garnered significant attention.
Provides background information about the defendant.
辩方律师试图通过展示被告的良好品格来影响陪审团的裁决。
The defense attorney attempted to influence the jury's verdict by showcasing the defendant's good character.
Describes a strategy employed by the defense for the defendant.
检方指控被告犯有数项经济犯罪,包括洗钱和欺诈。
The prosecution accused the defendant of committing several economic crimes, including money laundering and fraud.
Details the specific charges against the defendant.
在量刑阶段,法官会综合考虑被告的认罪态度、悔罪表现以及社会影响。
During the sentencing phase, the judge will comprehensively consider the defendant's attitude towards pleading guilty, their remorse, and the social impact.
Factors influencing the sentencing of the defendant.
如果被告被判无罪,他将获得自由并可能寻求国家赔偿。
If the defendant is acquitted, they will be set free and may seek state compensation.
Consequences of an acquittal for the defendant.
此案的复杂性在于,被告的辩护策略与检方的证据之间存在显著的矛盾。
The complexity of this case lies in the significant contradiction between the defendant's defense strategy and the prosecution's evidence.
Highlights a challenge in the legal proceedings involving the defendant.
在涉及国际法的案件中,被告的国籍和管辖权问题往往是首要考虑的法律争议点。
In cases involving international law, the defendant's nationality and jurisdiction are often the primary legal points of contention to be considered.
Discusses complex legal issues related to the defendant in international law.
陪审团在裁定被告是否有罪时,必须排除一切合理怀疑,并仅依据庭审中呈现的证据。
When determining the guilt of the defendant, the jury must exclude all reasonable doubt and rely solely on the evidence presented during the trial.
Emphasizes the high standard of proof required for conviction of the defendant.
即便被告选择不进行任何辩护,法律依然保障其享有公正审判的基本权利。
Even if the defendant chooses not to present any defense, the law still guarantees their fundamental right to a fair trial.
Reinforces the defendant's rights regardless of their defense strategy.
案件的审理过程揭示了被告在复杂金融体系中的操作手法,以及其行为可能产生的深远影响。
The trial process of the case revealed the defendant's modus operandi within the complex financial system and the potentially far-reaching implications of their actions.
Analyzes the defendant's actions and their consequences.
辩护律师力图通过引入新的证据或质疑原有证据的合法性,来动摇检方对被告的指控。
The defense attorney sought to undermine the prosecution's accusations against the defendant by introducing new evidence or questioning the legality of existing evidence.
Describes advanced legal tactics used in defense of the defendant.
对被告的量刑将与其所犯罪行的严重程度、社会危害性以及其他法定情节相权衡。
The sentencing of the defendant will be weighed against the severity of the crime committed, its social harm, and other statutory factors.
Details the legal framework for sentencing the defendant.
即便在证据确凿的情况下,被告仍有权在庭审中为自己辩护,提出任何认为合理的抗辩理由。
Even when the evidence is conclusive, the defendant still has the right to defend themselves in court and present any defense they deem reasonable.
Reiterates the defendant's right to defense, even with strong evidence.
本案的判决结果不仅影响被告个人,更可能对相关行业的法律规范产生示范效应。
The outcome of this case will not only affect the defendant personally but may also have a demonstrative effect on the legal norms of related industries.
Discusses the broader implications of the defendant's case outcome.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— He is the defendant.
在这次经济纠纷案中,他是主要被告。
— To defend the defendant.
这位经验丰富的律师以擅长为被告辩护而闻名。
— The defendant's dock/seat.
当法官宣读起诉书时,被告席上的男子脸色苍白。
— The defendant's rights.
法律明确规定了被告的权利,包括沉默权和聘请律师的权利。
— The defendant is not guilty.
陪审团一致裁定被告无罪,他当庭释放。
— The defendant is guilty.
经过审理,法庭认定被告有罪。
— The company as the defendant.
由于产品质量问题,这家跨国公司作为被告被起诉。
— The defendant's lawyer.
被告的律师在法庭上进行了精彩的陈述。
— The charges against the defendant.
检方详细列举了对被告的指控。
— As a defendant.
作为一名被告,他有权保持沉默。
Often Confused With
This is the opposite role in a lawsuit; the plaintiff or prosecutor. '被告' is the one being sued or accused.
'嫌疑人' is a suspect, a stage before formal charges are laid. '被告' is the formal term for someone charged.
This is a verb meaning 'to accuse', whereas '被告' is a noun referring to the person accused.
Idioms & Expressions
— Scapegoat. While not directly related to '被告', a defendant can sometimes be made a scapegoat.
他觉得自己被冤枉了,只是一个替罪羊。
Informal— When you're in the 'jianghu' (a world of martial arts or social circles), you can't always control your actions. This can sometimes lead to situations where someone becomes a defendant unintentionally.
他本不想卷入这场纷争,但人在江湖,身不由己,最终成为了被告。
Figurative— First trial/instance. This refers to the initial stage of a legal process where the defendant is tried.
这起案件正在一审中,被告的律师正在积极辩护。
Legal Term— Second trial/instance (appeal). If the defendant is not satisfied with the first verdict, they can appeal.
被告对一审判决不服,决定提起二审。
Legal Term— Presumption of innocence. This is a fundamental principle protecting the defendant.
在法律面前,被告享有无罪推定的权利。
Legal Principle— Conclusive evidence. This relates to the strength of evidence against the defendant.
尽管证据确凿,被告仍坚持自己是无辜的。
Legal Term— Out-of-court settlement. This is an alternative to a trial for both plaintiff and defendant.
为了避免漫长的诉讼,双方选择庭外和解,被告同意支付一定赔偿。
Legal Term— Insufficient evidence. This can lead to the defendant being found not guilty.
由于证据不足,被告最终被判无罪。
Legal Term— Life imprisonment. This is a potential sentence for a convicted defendant.
如果被告被判重罪,可能会面临无期徒刑。
Legal Term— Death penalty. The most severe sentence a defendant could face in some jurisdictions.
在某些极端情况下,被告可能被判处死刑。
Legal TermEasily Confused
Both are key terms in a lawsuit, referring to opposing parties.
'原告' is the party initiating the lawsuit (plaintiff/prosecutor), while '被告' is the party against whom the lawsuit is brought (defendant). They are direct antonyms.
在离婚案中,提起诉讼的是<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>原告</mark>,而<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>是另一方配偶。(In a divorce case, the one initiating the lawsuit is the plaintiff, and the defendant is the other spouse.)
Both relate to someone potentially involved in a crime.
'嫌疑人' (suspect) is someone believed to have committed a crime but not yet formally charged. '被告' (defendant) is the person who has been formally charged and is facing trial.
警方逮捕了一名<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>嫌疑人</mark>,几天后,他被<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>控告</mark>并<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>成为被告</mark>。(The police arrested a suspect, and a few days later, he was charged and became a defendant.)
Both contain the character '告' (gào) and are related to legal accusations.
'控告' is a verb meaning 'to accuse' or 'to charge'. '被告' is a noun meaning 'defendant', the person who is accused.
检方<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>控告</mark>了<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>。(The prosecution accused the defendant.)
Both refer to people involved in a legal case.
'当事人' is a general term for 'party involved' in a legal matter, which can include plaintiffs, defendants, witnesses, etc. '被告' is a specific type of '当事人' – the one being accused.
在这个案件中,<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>是一位重要的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>当事人</mark>。(In this case, the defendant is an important party involved.)
Both refer to individuals involved in criminal activities.
'被告' is someone accused of a crime before or during a trial, presumed innocent until proven guilty. '罪犯' (criminal) is someone who has been convicted of a crime.
他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被控</mark>为<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>,但最终<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被判无罪</mark>,所以不是<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>罪犯</mark>。(He was charged as a defendant, but was ultimately found not guilty, so he is not a criminal.)
Sentence Patterns
他是<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>。
他是这起案件的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>。
律师为<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>辩护。
这位律师以擅长<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>为被告辩护</mark>而闻名。
法院传唤<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>。
法院<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>传唤被告</mark>出庭接受审问。
<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>否认所有指控。
在庭审中,<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>坚决<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>否认所有指控</mark>。
案件的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>是谁?
你能告诉我这起<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>案件的被告</mark>是谁吗?
<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>享有沉默权。
根据法律,<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>享有<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>沉默权</mark>。
作为<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>,他...
<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>作为被告</mark>,他被要求陈述自己的观点。
对<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>的量刑取决于...
对<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>量刑</mark>将取决于其行为的严重程度。
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Related
How to Use It
High in legal contexts.
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Confusing '被告' (defendant) with '原告' (plaintiff).
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'被告' is the accused party; '原告' is the accuser.
Learners often mix up these opposing roles. Remember that '被' (bèi) implies being acted upon, so the '被告' is the one being acted upon by the lawsuit or charges.
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Using '被告' in non-legal contexts.
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Use '被告' only in formal legal settings.
Saying someone is the '被告' for a minor family argument is incorrect. Use specific words for the situation, not legal terms meant for court.
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Mispronouncing the tones.
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Bèi (4th tone) Gào (4th tone).
Both syllables have falling tones. Incorrect tones can change the meaning or make the word unintelligible. Practice the distinct falling sound for both.
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Confusing '被告' (noun) with '控告' (verb).
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'被告' is the defendant; '控告' means 'to accuse'.
It's easy to mix these up. '被告' is the person; '控告' is the action taken against them. For example, 'The prosecutor accused the defendant' is '检察官<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>控告</mark>了<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>被告</mark>'.
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Using '被告' for 'suspect'.
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Use '嫌疑人' (xiányírén) for suspect, and '被告' for formally charged individual.
A '嫌疑人' is under investigation, while a '被告' is facing formal charges. The transition happens when charges are filed.
Tips
Master the Tones
The tones for '被告' are bèi (4th tone) and gào (4th tone). Both are falling tones. Practice saying them distinctly: bèi! gào! Incorrect tones can lead to confusion, especially as '告' (gào) can sound like other words with different tones.
Legal Arena Only
Remember that '被告' is exclusively a legal term. Avoid using it in casual conversations about everyday disagreements or troubles. Stick to its use in courtrooms, legal news, and formal discussions about the justice system.
Know Your Opposites
Mastering the antonyms like '原告' (plaintiff) and '控方' (prosecution) will solidify your understanding of '被告'. Practice constructing sentences that clearly define the roles of both sides in a legal case.
Connect to 'Accused'
The character '被' (bèi) often implies being acted upon or suffering something. Think of the defendant as the one 'being accused' or 'being acted upon' by the legal system. This can help recall the meaning.
Describe a Court Scene
Try writing a short paragraph describing a courtroom scene, using '被告', '律师', '法官', and '原告'. This active recall will reinforce your understanding of how the word functions.
Formal Designation
'被告' is a formal term. For a more explicit reference to the person, you can use '被告人' (bèigàorén). In less formal settings, other terms might describe someone in trouble, but '被告' remains strictly for legal contexts.
Defendant's Rights
Learning about the rights of a '被告' (like the right to remain silent or have a lawyer) provides practical context and makes the term more memorable. Understanding these rights highlights the importance of the defendant's role.
Follow Legal News
Read or watch Chinese news reports about legal cases. Pay attention to how '被告' is used and in what context. This is an excellent way to see the word in its most common real-world application.
Explore Related Terms
Look into terms like '嫌疑人' (suspect) and '罪犯' (criminal). Understanding how these terms relate to and differ from '被告' will provide a more nuanced grasp of legal terminology.
Build Your Own
Create your own sentences using '被告'. Start simple, like '他是被告', and gradually build up to more complex sentences involving legal actions or rights.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine someone being 'be'aten and 'go'ing to court. 'Be'at sounds like '被' (bèi), and 'go' sounds like '告' (gào). So, the person who is 'beaten' (accused) and has to 'go' to court is the defendant.
Visual Association
Picture a person standing in a courtroom, looking defensive, with a large 'X' mark over them, symbolizing they are accused. The 'X' can also visually suggest the character '告' (gào) if you stretch it a bit.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to describe a simple legal scenario using '被告' and its antonyms. For example, explain who is suing whom and who is defending.
Word Origin
The term '被告' is derived from classical Chinese legal terminology. The character '被' (bèi) traditionally indicates being acted upon or suffering something, while '告' (gào) means to accuse or inform. Together, they literally mean 'the one who is accused' or 'the one against whom accusation is made'.
Original meaning: The original meaning was precisely 'the party accused'.
Sino-TibetanCultural Context
The term '被告' relates to serious legal matters. When discussing it, ensure a respectful and objective tone, especially when referring to actual cases or individuals.
In English-speaking legal systems, the defendant is also presumed innocent until proven guilty, and has rights like the right to legal counsel and to remain silent.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Criminal Court Proceedings
- 被告席 (bèigào xí)
- 为被告辩护 (wèi bèigào biànhù)
- 被告的权利 (bèigào de quánlì)
- 被告是否有罪 (bèigào shìfǒu yǒu zuì)
Civil Lawsuits
- 作为被告 (zuòwéi bèigào)
- 对被告的指控 (duì bèigào de zhǐkòng)
- 被告的答辩 (bèigào de dábiàn)
- 民事被告 (mínshì bèigào)
News Reporting on Trials
- 案件的被告 (ànjiàn de bèigào)
- 被告被判 (bèigào bèi pàn)
- 被告的律师 (bèigào de lǜshī)
- 被告否认指控 (bèigào fǒurèn zhǐkòng)
Legal Studies and Discussions
- 被告的地位 (bèigào de dìwèi)
- 区分原告和被告 (qūfēn yuángào hé bèigào)
- 被告的法律责任 (bèigào de fǎlǜ zérèn)
- 被告的沉默权 (bèigào de chénmò quán)
Discussions about Justice System
- 保障被告权益 (bǎozhàng bèigào quányì)
- 被告的公正审判 (bèigào de gōngzhèng shěnpàn)
- 避免冤枉被告 (bìmiǎn yuānwang bèigào)
- 被告的辩护权 (bèigào de biànhù quán)
Conversation Starters
"Have you ever watched a legal drama where the defendant was the main character?"
"What do you think are the most important rights a defendant should have?"
"If you were a lawyer, would you prefer to represent the plaintiff or the defendant?"
"How does the concept of 'innocent until proven guilty' apply to the defendant?"
"What are the potential consequences for someone who is found to be the defendant in a serious crime?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a hypothetical legal case where you play the role of the defendant. What are the charges, and how would you defend yourself?
Reflect on the importance of legal representation for a defendant. Why is having a lawyer crucial?
Imagine you are a journalist covering a high-profile trial. Write a short report focusing on the defendant's perspective and demeanor.
Discuss the difference between a suspect and a defendant. When does someone transition from one to the other?
Consider a situation where someone is wrongly accused. How would you feel if you were the defendant in such a circumstance?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsThe main difference is their role in a legal case. '原告' (yuángào) is the plaintiff or prosecutor, the one who initiates the lawsuit or brings the charges. '被告' (bèigào) is the defendant, the person or party against whom the lawsuit or charges are brought. They are opposing sides in a legal dispute.
A '嫌疑人' (xiányírén - suspect) becomes a '被告' (defendant) when formal charges are officially filed against them by the prosecution, and they are summoned to appear in court to answer those charges. This marks the transition from an investigation phase to a formal legal proceeding.
No, '被告' can refer to a person, a group of people, a company, or any legal entity that is accused or sued in a court of law. For instance, a corporation can be a defendant in a lawsuit.
Strictly speaking, '被告' is a legal term and should be used in legal contexts. While the concept of being accused exists in everyday life, using '被告' outside of a formal legal setting would be incorrect and sound unnatural. For everyday criticism or trouble, other phrases are more appropriate.
In China, like in many legal systems, a '被告' has fundamental rights. These typically include the right to be informed of the charges against them, the right to legal representation (including a court-appointed lawyer if they cannot afford one), the right to remain silent, and the right to a fair trial. The principle of presumption of innocence also applies.
The pronunciation is 'bèi gào'. Both syllables have falling tones. '被' (bèi) sounds like 'bay' with a falling tone, and '告' (gào) sounds like 'gow' with a falling tone. Ensure the tones are distinct.
'被告' is a defendant, someone accused of a crime who is presumed innocent until proven guilty. '罪犯' (zuìfàn) is a criminal, someone who has been convicted of a crime. A '被告' might be found not guilty and therefore never become a '罪犯'.
Yes, '被告人' (bèigàorén) is a more formal term that explicitly means 'defendant person'. It is often used in official legal documents and formal proceedings.
If a defendant is unable to afford legal representation, the court will typically appoint a public defender or a lawyer at state expense to ensure the defendant's right to legal counsel is upheld.
Yes, absolutely. Legal entities like companies, organizations, or partnerships can be '被告' in civil lawsuits or even criminal proceedings, depending on the nature of the charges and the jurisdiction.
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Summary
被告 (bèigào) is the essential term for 'defendant' in Chinese legal discourse, denoting the party facing accusations or claims in a court of law. Its correct usage is crucial for understanding legal proceedings and distinguishing roles within the justice system.
- The term '被告' (bèigào) means 'defendant' in legal contexts.
- It refers to the person or party accused in a lawsuit or criminal charge.
- It is used in courtrooms, legal news, and academic discussions.
- Distinguish '被告' from '原告' (plaintiff) and '嫌疑人' (suspect).
Master the Tones
The tones for '被告' are bèi (4th tone) and gào (4th tone). Both are falling tones. Practice saying them distinctly: bèi! gào! Incorrect tones can lead to confusion, especially as '告' (gào) can sound like other words with different tones.
Legal Arena Only
Remember that '被告' is exclusively a legal term. Avoid using it in casual conversations about everyday disagreements or troubles. Stick to its use in courtrooms, legal news, and formal discussions about the justice system.
Know Your Opposites
Mastering the antonyms like '原告' (plaintiff) and '控方' (prosecution) will solidify your understanding of '被告'. Practice constructing sentences that clearly define the roles of both sides in a legal case.
Connect to 'Accused'
The character '被' (bèi) often implies being acted upon or suffering something. Think of the defendant as the one 'being accused' or 'being acted upon' by the legal system. This can help recall the meaning.
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