B2 adjective Formal|informal 1 min read

铺张

puzhang /pʰu t͡ʂɑŋ/
Practice it

Pū zhāng describes extravagant and ostentatious displays that go beyond necessity.

Word in 30 Seconds

  • Excessive spending and display, often for show.
  • Describes ostentatious and wasteful extravagance.
  • Implies unnecessary grandeur and fanfare.

Overview

“铺张”这个词语生动地描绘了一种超出合理范围的、过度的消费或展示行为。它不仅仅是“浪费”，更强调了其中的“排场”和“炫耀”的成分。当某件事情被形容为“铺张”时，通常意味着它花费了过多的金钱、资源，或者以一种过于隆重、豪华的方式进行，其目的往往是为了展示财富、地位或引起他人的注意，而这种展示在很多情况下被认为是过度的、不必要的，甚至是不合时宜的。

“铺张”常用于描述各种需要花费和展示的场合。它可以用来形容具体的消费行为，如“铺张的婚礼”、“铺张的宴请”；也可以形容抽象的风格或态度，如“他的生活方式很铺张”、“避免铺张浪费”。在否定句中，它常用来表达批评或劝诫，例如“我们要提倡节约，反对铺张”。它也可以与其他词语组合，形成更具体的表达，如“铺张浪费”、“大吃大喝，铺张无度”。

“铺张”经常出现在以下语境中：1. 消费与生活方式：描述个人或家庭的消费习惯，如“他刚赚了钱，就开始铺张消费。” 2. 社会活动与庆典：用于评价婚礼、生日宴、节日庆典等活动的规模和花费，如“为了面子，这场葬礼办得十分铺张。” 3. 商业与广告：有时用于描述商家为了吸引顾客而进行的过度宣传或促销活动，虽然不那么常见，但也有可能。 4. 批评与建议：在讨论社会风气、公款消费、资源浪费等话题时，“铺张”常被用来表达批评，倡导节俭。例如，新闻报道中可能会提到“公款铺张现象屡禁不止”。

与“铺张”相似但有区别的词语包括：

  • 奢侈 (shē chǐ)：更侧重于指价格高昂、非生活必需的物品或享受，强调的是物品本身的价值和品质，不一定包含“排场”或“炫耀”的意味，但往往与“铺张”的行为相关。
  • 浪费 (làng fèi)：指不珍惜、白白使掉（钱财、物品、时间等）。“浪费”可以是没有目的的，也可以是有目的但过度的。“铺张”则更强调“排场”和“炫耀”的动机，通常也包含“浪费”的成分，但“浪费”不一定“铺张”。
  • 奢华 (shē huá)：形容极其富丽、豪华。它描述的是一种状态或风格，强调的是物质的丰富和精美，与“铺张”一样，可以指代一种风格，但“铺张”更侧重于行为和规模的过度。
  • 挥霍 (huī huò)：指大量地、无节制地用掉钱财。强调的是用钱的随意和不加控制，与“铺张”一样，都指过度消费，但“挥霍”更侧重于钱财的快速耗尽，而“铺张”更侧重于展示的规模和排场。

Examples

1

他刚发了工资，就迫不及待地开始铺张消费，买了很多自己并不需要的东西。

everyday

As soon as he got his salary, he couldn't wait to start spending extravagantly, buying many things he didn't really need.

2

虽然公司业绩下滑，但 काही领导却依然维持着铺张的办公环境和宴请标准。

formal

Despite the company's declining performance, some leaders still maintained an ostentatious office environment and extravagant entertainment standards.

3

那场婚礼办得真是铺张，光是烟花就放了好几轮！

informal

That wedding was really extravagant; they set off fireworks for several rounds alone!

4

在资源日益紧张的今天，我们更应倡导节约，反对任何形式的铺张浪费。

academic

In today's world of increasing resource scarcity, we should advocate frugality and oppose all forms of ostentatious waste.

Common Collocations

铺张浪费 ostentatious waste / extravagance
铺张宴请 extravagant banquet / feast
铺张的生活 extravagant lifestyle
避免铺张 avoid extravagance

Common Phrases

铺张浪费

ostentatious waste

反对铺张浪费

oppose extravagance and waste

生活铺张

live extravagantly

Often Confused With

铺张 vs 奢侈

'Pū zhāng' emphasizes the scale and display of spending, often for show. 'Shē chǐ' focuses more on the high cost and non-essential nature of goods or services themselves, regardless of the scale of display.

铺张 vs 浪费

'Pū zhāng' implies a deliberate, often showy, excess. 'Làng fèi' is a broader term for any kind of waste, which might be unintentional or simply inefficient, not necessarily involving a grand display.

Grammar Patterns

铺张 + Noun (e.g., 铺张的婚礼) 形容词 + 地 + Verb (e.g., 铺张地消费) 避免/反对 + 铺张 (+ 浪费)

How to Use It

Usage Notes

This word is generally used in negative contexts to criticize excessive spending and display. It carries a connotation of vanity and lack of consideration for resources. It is often paired with '浪费' (waste). While it can describe personal lifestyles, it's frequently used in social commentary or news reports regarding public or large-scale events.

Common Mistakes

Learners might overuse 'pū zhāng' for any high spending, failing to capture the element of ostentation or unnecessary display. It's also important to distinguish it from 'shē chǐ' (luxurious), which focuses on the item itself rather than the act of showing off.

Tips

💡

Focus on Ostentation and Scale

Remember that 'pū zhāng' emphasizes not just spending money, but doing so in a way that is noticeably grand and meant to impress.

⚠️

Avoid Confusing with Simple Spending

Don't use 'pū zhāng' for any kind of spending. It specifically refers to spending that is excessive and ostentatious, not just high cost.

🌍

Cultural Value of Frugality

In many Chinese cultural contexts, frugality is a highly valued virtue. Therefore, 'pū zhāng' often carries a strong negative connotation, implying social irresponsibility.

Word Origin

The character '铺' (pū) means to spread out or pave, suggesting a wide or large scale. '张' (zhāng) can mean to spread, open, or sheet, also implying expanse or a large display. Together, they create the image of spreading out resources or wealth in a grand, expansive, and often excessive manner.

Cultural Context

In Chinese culture, virtues like frugality (节俭) and diligence (勤劳) are highly esteemed. Therefore, 'pū zhāng' is often viewed negatively, associated with moral failings like vanity, wastefulness, and a lack of social responsibility, especially when it involves public funds or excessive personal indulgence.

Memory Tip

Imagine someone 'spreading out' (铺) their wealth in a grand, showy manner (张) – that's 'pū zhāng'. Think of a huge, flashy banner advertising excessive spending.

Frequently Asked Questions

4 questions

‘铺张’强调的是花费、展示的规模过大，带有炫耀的意味，侧重于行为的“排场”。‘奢侈’则侧重于物品或享受本身的昂贵和非必需性，不一定包含“排场”的成分。

“铺张”通常是贬义词。它暗示了不必要的浪费、虚荣和缺乏节制，与提倡的节俭美德相悖。

可以用来形容婚礼、宴会、装修、生活方式等任何可能出现过度花费和炫耀性展示的场合。例如，“这场明星婚礼过于铺张，引起了不少争议。”

可以概括为‘过度炫耀’或‘大排场’，它包含了花费大、场面大、且有炫耀目的的含义。

Test Yourself

fill blank

为了举办一场令人难忘的婚礼，他们不惜______地花费了巨额资金。

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: 铺张

句意是说花费了巨额资金来举办婚礼，并且是为了“令人难忘”，暗示了场面大、花费高的特点，符合“铺张”的含义。

multiple choice

“铺张”主要描述的是哪种情况？

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: c

选项 C 准确地概括了‘铺张’的核心含义，即花费巨大、场面盛大，并且有炫耀的成分。

sentence building

词语：反对，我们，应该，浪费，铺张

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: a

这是一个常见的搭配‘铺张浪费’，并且表达了‘反对’的立场，构成了一个完整且符合逻辑的句子。

Score: /3

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