A1 · Iniciante Capítulo 14

Who is Who? Introducing People

6 Regras totais
61 exemplos
6 min

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of introducing yourself and others while navigating German social etiquette with ease.

  • Identify all personal pronouns in the nominative case.
  • Distinguish between informal and formal addresses to avoid social blunders.
  • Use impersonal pronouns to talk about general cultural norms.
Connect with confidence, from the café to the boardroom.

O que você vai aprender

Hey there! Ready for another super exciting chapter? This one's going to be incredibly useful because we'll learn how to introduce people and connect with them in various situations. First up, you'll get familiar with German nominative personal pronouns (I, you, he, she, it) and understand how to match them to gender (for example, 'der' becomes 'er' and 'die' becomes 'sie'). Don't worry, this part is simpler than you think and will make your sentences flow much more naturally. Then, we'll dive into a super important aspect of German: when to use 'du' (informal 'you') versus 'Sie' (formal 'you'). This is crucial for navigating social situations, like politely ordering from a waiter in a Berlin café or keeping things casual with a close friend. You'll learn to distinguish the line between intimacy and respect, ensuring you avoid any misunderstandings in Germany. With what you learn here, you'll be able to easily introduce yourself and others, sound professional in work or university settings, and generally speak German much more fluently. Finally, you'll get to know 'man,' an impersonal pronoun that lets you talk about general actions or what 'people' do without referring to a specific person. Let's go make your German even better!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to substitute any noun with its correct gender-matched pronoun (er, sie, es).
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to choose the correct register (du vs. Sie) based on the social context provided.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to make general statements using the impersonal pronoun 'man'.

Guia do capítulo

Overview

Welcome to this exciting new chapter in your A1 German journey! Mastering introductory phrases and understanding how to refer to people is fundamental for effective communication. This section focuses on essential German grammar that will unlock your ability to introduce yourself and others, making your interactions more natural and confident.
We'll be covering German personal pronouns, the crucial distinction between formal and informal 'you' (du vs. Sie), and the handy impersonal pronoun 'man'. By the end of this chapter, you'll be well-equipped to navigate social situations with ease, sound more professional when needed, and generally improve your fluency in German.
This is a key step in progressing through the CEFR A1 level and beyond, building a solid foundation for all your future German learning.
This chapter is designed to be incredibly practical. You'll learn how to correctly identify and use pronouns like 'I', 'you', 'he', 'she', and 'it' in the nominative case. Understanding how these pronouns link to grammatical gender in German, such as der becoming er and die becoming sie, is a core skill that simplifies sentence construction.
Furthermore, the distinction between du and Sie is paramount for social etiquette in German-speaking countries. Knowing when to use the informal du with friends and family, and when to opt for the respectful formal Sie with strangers or in professional settings, is crucial for avoiding misunderstandings and showing appropriate politeness. We'll also introduce 'man', a versatile pronoun that allows you to speak about general actions and common practices.

How This Grammar Works

This chapter dives into the core of referring to people in German, starting with German Personal Pronouns (Nominativ). These are the basic building blocks: ich (I), du (you, informal), er (he), sie (she), es (it), wir (we), ihr (you, plural informal), and sie (they). In the nominative case, these are used as the subject of a sentence.
For example, Ich bin hier (I am here). When referring to people or things, German uses grammatical gender. This is where German Pronouns: Matching Gender comes in.
For masculine nouns like der Mann (the man), the pronoun is er. For feminine nouns like die Frau (the woman), the pronoun is sie. For neuter nouns like das Kind (the child), the pronoun is es.
So, if you say Der Mann ist nett (The man is nice), you can follow up with Er ist nett (He is nice). Similarly, Die Frau ist nett (The woman is nice) becomes Sie ist nett (She is nice).
A critical aspect of A1 German is understanding Formal 'You' (Sie) versus the informal 'du'. This is known as the German Politeness: du vs. Sie (Register Shift).
You use du when speaking to friends, family, children, and sometimes colleagues if you have a very casual relationship. You use the formal Sie (always capitalized) when speaking to strangers, elders, superiors, or in formal settings like shops or official appointments. When using Sie, the verb conjugation changes.
For instance, instead of Du bist nett (You are nice), you would say Sie sind nett (You are nice - formal). This is part of Formal German: Using 'Sie' and Pronouns Correctly. Finally, we introduce German 'man': Talking about Everyone (Impersonal Pronoun).
Man is used to talk about general actions or what people in general do. For example, Man lernt viel in Deutschland (One learns a lot in Germany), meaning people in general learn a lot.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong:
    Ich bin Anna. Du bist Peter.
Correct:
Ich bin Anna. Du bist Peter.
*Explanation:* While this sentence is grammatically correct, it's often used incorrectly in introductions where the speaker is introducing *someone else*. The correct way to introduce another person is by using their name and then referring to them with the appropriate pronoun or stating their relationship. For example,
Das ist mein Freund, Peter. Er ist nett.
(This is my friend, Peter. He is nice.)
  1. 1Wrong:
    Hallo, Herr Müller. Wie geht es dir?
Correct:
Hallo, Herr Müller. Wie geht es Ihnen?
*Explanation:* This is a common mistake related to the du vs. Sie distinction. When addressing someone formally with Herr Müller, you *must* use the formal Ihnen (the dative form of Sie) and not the informal dir. Using dir in this context would be considered impolite.
  1. 1Wrong:
    Meine Schwester ist nett. Er ist nett.
Correct:
Meine Schwester ist nett. Sie ist nett.
*Explanation:* This mistake arises from not correctly matching the pronoun to the gender of the noun. Meine Schwester (my sister) is feminine, so the correct pronoun to refer to her is sie (she), not er (he).

Real Conversations

A

A

Hallo, ich bin Maria. (Hello, I am Maria.)
B

B

Hallo Maria, ich bin Stefan. Schön, dich kennenzulernen. (Hello Maria, I am Stefan. Nice to meet you.)
A

A

Schön, dich auch kennenzulernen, Stefan. (Nice to meet you too, Stefan.)
A

A

Guten Tag, Frau Schmidt. (Good day, Ms. Schmidt.)
B

B

Guten Tag, Herr Weber. Wie geht es Ihnen? (Good day, Mr. Weber. How are you?)
A

A

Danke, gut. Und Ihnen? (Thank you, fine. And you?)
A

A

Man muss hier vorsichtig sein. (One has to be careful here.)
B

B

Ja, das stimmt. Es ist eine belebte Straße. (Yes, that's true. It is a busy street.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the difference between 'du' and 'Sie' in German for A1 learners?

'Du' is the informal 'you' used with friends, family, and children. 'Sie' is the formal 'you' used with strangers, elders, and in professional settings; it is always capitalized.

Q

How do I know whether to use 'er', 'sie', or 'es' in German?

You use 'er' for masculine nouns (e.g., der Mann), 'sie' for feminine nouns (e.g., die Frau), and 'es' for neuter nouns (e.g., das Kind). This is linked to the grammatical gender of the noun.

Q

When should I use the German pronoun 'man'?

Use 'man' when you want to talk about general actions or what people in general do, without referring to a specific person. It's similar to saying one or people in English.

Q

Is it okay to switch from 'Sie' to 'du' with someone in German?

Yes, it is common to switch from 'Sie' to 'du' once a closer relationship has been established. This is usually done by mutual agreement, often with one person asking, "Sprechen wir uns jetzt mit 'du' an?" (Shall we start addressing each other with 'du' now?).

Cultural Context

In Germany, the distinction between 'du' and 'Sie' is a strong marker of social hierarchy and politeness. While younger generations and more casual environments are increasingly using 'du', it's always safer to start with 'Sie' when in doubt, especially in formal or professional situations. Using 'man' is a common way to express general truths or common practices, fostering a sense of shared experience.

Exemplos-chave (8)

1

Ich bin auf Instagram.

Eu estou no Instagram.

Pronomes pessoais em alemão: eu, tu, ele, ela (Nominativ)
2

Bist du heute Abend online?

Você está online hoje à noite?

Pronomes pessoais em alemão: eu, tu, ele, ela (Nominativ)
3

Wo ist {der|m} Schlüssel? Er liegt auf dem Tisch.

Onde está a chave? Ela está em cima da mesa.

Pronomes em alemão: concordância de gênero (er, sie, es)
4

Die Kamera ist neu. Sie macht tolle Fotos.

A câmera é nova. Ela tira fotos ótimas.

Pronomes em alemão: concordância de gênero (er, sie, es)
5

Kommen Sie aus Berlin?

Você é de Berlim?

O 'Você' formal (Sie)
6

Haben Sie ein Profil auf LinkedIn?

Você tem um perfil no LinkedIn?

O 'Você' formal (Sie)
7

Kommst du heute Abend zur Party?

Você vem para a festa hoje à noite?

Educação em Alemão: du vs. Sie (Mudança de Registro)
8

Wie heißen Sie, Herr Schmidt?

Qual é o seu nome, Sr. Schmidt?

Educação em Alemão: du vs. Sie (Mudança de Registro)

Dicas e truques (4)

⚠️

A Capitalização do 'Sie'

É super importante: 'Sie' (formal, você) *sempre* com letra maiúscula. Se você usar 'sie' com letra minúscula, pode significar 'ela' ou 'eles'. Um 'S' pequeno faz uma grande diferença social!
Wie geht es Ihnen?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronomes pessoais em alemão: eu, tu, ele, ela (Nominativ)
⚠️

A Armadilha do 'It'

Cuidado! Nunca traduza 'it' (do inglês) como 'es' para objetos sem antes verificar o gênero da palavra em alemão.
Der Stuhl ist alt. Er ist kaputt.
(A cadeira é velha. Ela está quebrada.)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronomes em alemão: concordância de gênero (er, sie, es)
⚠️

A Capitalização Importa

Sempre escreva o S de Sie em maiúsculo. Se você não fizer isso, pode significar ela ou eles, o que causa uma confusão enorme em e-mails! Por exemplo: Woher kommen Sie?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: O 'Você' formal (Sie)
🎯

A Oferta do 'Du'

Espere a pessoa mais velha ou com mais status oferecer o 'du'. É um sinal de confiança mútua. Por exemplo, num jantar de negócios, não comece com
Bist du müde?
se a pessoa ainda não te ofereceu.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Educação em Alemão: du vs. Sie (Mudança de Registro)

Vocabulário-chave (6)

wer who der Kollege the male colleague die Kollegin the female colleague höflich polite hier here sprechen to speak

Real-World Preview

presentation

At a Business Meeting

Review Summary

  • ich, du, er/sie/es, wir, ihr, sie/Sie
  • der -> er, die -> sie, das -> es
  • Du = Friends/Family, Sie = Strangers/Authority
  • man + verb (3rd person sing.)

Erros comuns

Using 'du' with a title like 'Herr' or 'Frau' is a contradiction. Titles always require the formal 'Sie'.

Wrong: Wie heißt du, Herr Müller?
Correto: Wie heißen Sie, Herr Müller?

In English, objects are 'it'. In German, an object's pronoun must match its gender. Since 'Tisch' is masculine (der), you must use 'er'.

Wrong: Das ist der Tisch. Es ist blau.
Correto: Das ist der Tisch. Er ist blau.

'Man' is singular, even though it refers to people in general. It always takes the same verb ending as 'er', 'sie', or 'es'.

Wrong: Man sprechen Deutsch.
Correto: Man spricht Deutsch.

Regras neste capítulo (6)

Next Steps

You've just unlocked a huge part of German social life. Being able to navigate 'du' and 'Sie' shows real cultural respect. Keep up the amazing work!

Roleplay a formal introduction in front of a mirror.

Write 5 sentences replacing nouns with er/sie/es.

Prática rápida (10)

Qual frase está capitalizada corretamente para o 'você' formal?

Escolha a opção correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Wo wohnen Sie?
O pronome formal 'Sie' deve ser sempre capitalizado para distingui-lo de 'eles/elas' ou 'ela'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: O 'Você' formal (Sie)

Preencha a lacuna com o pronome correto (er, sie, es).

Wo ist {der|m} Laptop? ___ ist in der Tasche.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: er
Como 'Laptop' usa o artigo masculino {der|m}, o pronome correto é 'er'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronomes em alemão: concordância de gênero (er, sie, es)

Encontre e corrija o erro no uso do pronome.

Find and fix the mistake:

{Das|n} Brot ist frisch. Er schmeckt gut.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Das Brot ist frisch. Es schmeckt gut.
'Brot' é neutro ({das|n}), então o pronome deveria ser 'es', não 'er'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronomes em alemão: concordância de gênero (er, sie, es)

Corrija o pronome. O sujeito é 'der Tisch' (a mesa).

Find and fix the mistake:

{der|m} Tisch ist neu. Es ist schön.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Er ist schön.
Como 'Tisch' é masculino, o pronome deve ser 'er'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronomes pessoais em alemão: eu, tu, ele, ela (Nominativ)

Encontre e corrija o erro nesta frase dirigida a um professor.

Find and fix the mistake:

Bist Sie der Professor?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sind Sie der Professor?
O verbo 'sein' (ser/estar) conjugado para 'Sie' é 'sind', não 'bist'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: O 'Você' formal (Sie)

Preencha com o pronome correto para 'eu'.

___ bin Student.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich
O falante está falando sobre si mesmo, então 'Ich' é necessário.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronomes pessoais em alemão: eu, tu, ele, ela (Nominativ)

Selecione a regra correta sobre a biblioteca:

Select the correct rule about the library:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: In der Bibliothek ist man leise.
Em frases em alemão, o verbo geralmente fica na segunda posição. 'ist' combina com 'man' (singular).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: O 'man' alemão: Falando sobre todos (Pronome impessoal)

Preencha a forma verbal correta para o pronome formal.

Woher ______ Sie? (kommen)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kommen
O 'Sie' formal sempre usa a forma infinitiva do verbo, terminando em -en.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Educação em Alemão: du vs. Sie (Mudança de Registro)

Preencha com a forma correta do verbo 'trinken'.

In diesem {der|m} Club ___ man nur {das|n} Wasser.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: trinkt
'man' é sempre a 3ª pessoa do singular, então 'trinkt' é a forma correta.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: O 'man' alemão: Falando sobre todos (Pronome impessoal)

Qual pronome é o 'você' formal?

Escolha a forma de tratamento formal correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sie
'Sie' (capitalizado) é a única forma formal de se dirigir a alguém em alemão.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronomes pessoais em alemão: eu, tu, ele, ela (Nominativ)

Score: /10

Perguntas comuns (6)

Ao contrário do inglês, o alemão só capitaliza substantivos e o 'Sie' formal. 'ich' é apenas uma palavra normal, não um exibido!
Ich bin glücklich.
Olhe o verbo! 'sie spielt' (ela joga) termina em -t, enquanto 'sie spielen' (eles/elas jogam) termina em -en. O contexto é rei! Sie kocht (ela cozinha) vs. Sie kochen (eles cozinham).
É porque a palavra 'Tisch' (mesa) é gramaticalmente masculina ({der|m}). Em alemão, os pronomes combinam com a gramática da palavra, e não com a natureza do objeto. Por isso,
Der Tisch? Er ist schön.
(A mesa? Ela é bonita.)
Procure por terminações! Palavras que terminam em '-ung' são sempre femininas ({die|f}), então sempre viram 'sie'. Aprender esses padrões pode te ajudar a economizar tempo!
Die Wohnung? Sie ist groß.
(O apartamento? Ele é grande.)
Sim, sempre use 'Sie' com professores e mestres na Alemanha. Isso mostra respeito pela autoridade e posição acadêmica deles. Por exemplo:
Guten Tag, Herr Professor. Wie geht es Ihnen?
Pode ser os dois! Você usa a mesma forma para falar formalmente com uma pessoa ou com um grupo inteiro. Por exemplo:
Sie sind alle eingeladen.