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B1 adjective 8 min de leitura

親しい

shitashii

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 親しい em 30 segundos

Explicação 親しい in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of '親しい' (shitashii) as a word for 'good friends.' While you might mostly use 'tomodachi' (friend) or 'naka ga yoi' (get along), 'shitashii' is a useful adjective to describe someone you know very well. Think of it like this: if you have many friends, the ones you talk to every day and share toys or snacks with are your 'shitashii' friends. You can use it simply like 'Shitashii tomodachi desu' (This is a close friend). It's an i-adjective, so it behaves like 'oishii' or 'takai.' You just put it before the person's name or the word 'friend.' Don't worry about complex grammar yet; just remember it means 'extra-friendly' or 'close.'

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At the A2 level, you should start using '親しい' (shitashii) to differentiate between different types of relationships. You can now use the negative form 'shitashikunai' to say you aren't close with someone, which is helpful for social boundaries. For example, 'Kare to wa amari shitashikunai' (I'm not very close with him). You can also use the adverb form 'shitashiku' with the verb 'naru' (to become). 'Shitashiku narimashita' means 'We became close.' This is a great way to describe how a friendship developed over time. Remember that 'shitashii' is for people, not for how far away the train station is!

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As a B1 learner, '親しい' (shitashii) becomes a key word for describing social dynamics. You should understand that it implies a level of trust and mutual history. At this level, you can use it in more complex sentences, such as 'Shitashii naka nimo reigi ari' (Even among close friends, there is etiquette), which shows you understand Japanese cultural values. You should also be able to use it to describe relationships in a professional yet warm context, like 'shitashii douryou' (a close colleague). You can distinguish it from 'chikai' (physical distance) and 'nakayoshi' (which can sound a bit childish). It's about emotional intimacy and social familiarity.

At the B2 level, you can use '親しい' (shitashii) to discuss nuances of social psychology and the 'Uchi-Soto' (inside-outside) structure of Japanese society. You understand that 'shitashii' relationships allow for 'honne' (true feelings) rather than 'tatemae' (public face). You can use the word in formal writing or debates about community and loneliness. For instance, you might discuss the importance of having 'shitashii kankei' (close relationships) for mental health. You also recognize its use in literature where it might describe a 'shitashimi' (sense of familiarity) towards a place or an object, though its primary use remains for people.

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For C1 learners, '親しい' (shitashii) is used with precision to describe specific social bonds. You can differentiate it from more formal synonyms like 'kon'i' (friendly relations in business) or 'shinmitsu' (deep intimacy). You are comfortable using it in idiomatic expressions and can identify when a speaker uses it to subtly signal social standing or group membership. You might analyze how the word is used in classical or modern literature to denote shifting alliances. You also understand the subtle difference between 'shitashii' (the state of being close) and 'shitashimi' (the feeling of closeness/familiarity), using the latter to describe things like a familiar brand or a well-loved book.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of '親しい' (shitashii) and its role in the fabric of Japanese communication. You can use it to navigate the most delicate social situations, knowing exactly when to claim 'shitashii' status and when to maintain distance. You understand its etymological roots in the kanji for 'parent' and how that informs the 'familial' expectation of Japanese closeness. You can use the word in high-level academic writing or professional negotiations to define boundaries and build rapport. You are also aware of regional variations or archaic uses of the word in historical texts, and you can explain the philosophy of 'reigi' (etiquette) within 'shitashii' relationships to non-native speakers.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

親しい em 30 segundos

Shitashii is an i-adjective meaning 'close' or 'intimate,' used exclusively for personal relationships rather than physical distance.
It is derived from the kanji for 'parent,' suggesting a deep, familial-like bond and high levels of mutual trust and comfort.
Commonly used in the phrase 'Shitashii tomodachi' (close friend) or 'Kare to wa shitashii' (I am close with him).
It differs from 'chikai' (physical proximity) and 'nakayoshi' (a more casual or childish way to say 'getting along').

The Japanese word 親しい (したしい - shitashii) is a cornerstone of Japanese social vocabulary, primarily functioning as an i-adjective that describes a close, intimate, or familiar relationship between people. While the English translation often settles on 'close' or 'intimate,' the Japanese nuance is deeply rooted in the concept of shared history and mutual trust. It is not merely about physical proximity, which would be chikai, but rather about emotional and social bonding. When you describe someone as shitashii, you are signaling that the barriers of formal etiquette (keigo) have been lowered, and there is a level of comfort that allows for more candid interaction. This word is frequently used to describe childhood friends, long-term colleagues, or neighbors with whom one shares a friendly rapport.

Etymological Connection: The kanji 親 is the same character used for 'parent' (oya). This suggests a level of closeness that mirrors familial bonds, emphasizing a relationship where one feels safe and supported.
Social Context: In the Japanese 'Uchi-Soto' (Inside-Outside) framework, shitashii people are those who have moved from the 'Soto' (outside/formal) circle into the 'Uchi' (inside/informal) circle.
Grammatical Note: As an i-adjective, it can directly modify nouns (e.g., 親しい友人 - a close friend) or function as a predicate (e.g., 彼とは親しい - I am close with him).

私たちは子供の頃から親しい間柄です。(We have been in a close relationship since we were children.)

彼は誰に対しても親しく接する。(He treats everyone in a friendly manner.)

そんなに親しくない人に、そんなことは聞けません。(I can't ask someone I'm not that close to about such a thing.)

二人はとても親しい様子だ。(The two of them seem very close.)

親しい仲にも礼儀あり。(Even among close friends, there should be courtesy/etiquette.)

In a broader sense, shitashii can also imply a sense of harmony or lack of friction. It is often used in the proverb 'Shitashii naka nimo reigi ari', which is a vital cultural concept in Japan. It reminds people that no matter how close you are to someone, you must still maintain a level of respect and politeness to ensure the relationship remains healthy. This highlights that intimacy in Japan does not mean a total abandonment of social boundaries, but rather a sophisticated navigation of them. Understanding this word is key to understanding the Japanese approach to friendship and social harmony (wa).

Using 親しい (shitashii) correctly requires an understanding of i-adjective conjugation and the specific nouns it frequently modifies. As an attributive adjective, it usually precedes nouns like yuujin (friend), nakama (colleague/companion), or aidagara (relationship). In its predicative form, it is often paired with the particle to to indicate whom the subject is close with. For example, 'A-san to shitashii' means 'I am close with Mr. A.'

Attributive Use: Modifying a noun: Shitashii tomodachi (A close friend). This is the most common way to describe a relationship type.
Predicative Use: Ending a sentence: Kanojo wa kare to shitashii desu (She is close with him). Use 'desu' for politeness.
Adverbial Use: Changing to shitashiku: Shitashiku hanasu (To talk familiarly/closely). This describes the manner of an action.

彼は私の最も親しい友人の一人です。(He is one of my closest friends.)

二人は急速に親しくなった。(The two of them quickly became close.)

あまり親しくない人とお金の話をするのは難しい。(It's difficult to talk about money with someone you're not very close to.)

When using shitashii in a negative sense (shitashikunai), it often implies a lack of familiarity rather than a negative relationship. It’s a neutral way to say you don't know someone well enough to engage in certain behaviors, like borrowing money or sharing secrets. Conversely, shitashiku suru (to be friendly with/to keep close company with) is an active verb phrase used to describe the effort of maintaining a relationship. For instance, 'Rinjin to shitashiku shite iru' means 'I am on friendly terms with my neighbors.'

You will encounter 親しい (shitashii) in a variety of settings, from daily conversations to literary works and news reporting. In everyday life, it’s used when discussing social circles or introducing someone. For example, when clarifying your relationship with a person to a third party, you might say, 'Kare wa shitashii senpai desu' (He is a senior I'm close with). This clarifies that while there is a hierarchy (senpai/kohai), the emotional distance is small.

In the Workplace: Used to describe colleagues you trust or 'insider' groups. It helps define who is in your trusted circle of information sharing.
In Literature & Drama: Often used to describe the developing bond between protagonists. It marks the transition from strangers to allies or lovers.
In News/Interviews: Journalists use it to describe sources or the relationships between public figures (e.g., 'Shitashii kankei ni aru' - to be in a close relationship).

「あの方とは親しいんですか？」「ええ、家族ぐるみの付き合いです。」("Are you close to that person?" "Yes, our families are close.")

彼は親しい人には本音を話す。(He speaks his true feelings to those he is close to.)

In social psychology contexts within Japan, shitashii is often analyzed in contrast to enryo (restraint/reserve). As a relationship becomes more shitashii, the need for enryo decreases. Hearing this word often signals a move towards authenticity and away from social masks (tatemae). If someone says they want to become shitashiku naru with you, it is a very positive sign of wanting to build a genuine friendship.

Learners of Japanese often run into a few specific pitfalls when using 親しい (shitashii). The most frequent error is confusing it with chikai (near). While both can be translated as 'close' in English, chikai is predominantly for physical distance or time, whereas shitashii is exclusively for personal relationships. Saying 'I am *chikai* with my brother' sounds like you are standing next to him, not that you have a good relationship.

The 'Chikai' vs. 'Shitashii' Trap: Mistake: 家が親しい (My house is 'close'). Correct: Ie ga chikai. Shitashii cannot be used for objects or locations.
Over-romanticizing: While shitashii can imply intimacy, it is not inherently romantic. Using it for a lover is fine, but it doesn't replace words like koibito or raburabu.
Particle Confusion: Learners sometimes use ni instead of to. 'Kare to shitashii' (Close with him) is the standard pattern.

❌ 駅から親しいホテル。(A hotel 'close' to the station - INCORRECT)
✅ 駅から近いホテル。(A hotel close to the station - CORRECT)

❌ 彼は私に親しい。(He is close to me - AWKWARD)
✅ 彼は私と親しい。(He is close with me - NATURAL)

Another nuance to watch out for is the difference between shitashii and nakayoshi. Nakayoshi is much more common among children or when describing a 'cute' or very friendly, harmonious relationship. Shitashii feels slightly more adult and objective. If a grown man says 'Tanaka-san to nakayoshi desu,' it might sound a bit childish; 'Tanaka-san to shitashii desu' sounds like a mature professional or social relationship.

To truly master 親しい (shitashii), you must see where it sits among its synonyms. Japanese has many ways to describe 'closeness,' each with a specific flavor. Choosing the right one depends on the level of formality, the age of the speakers, and the nature of the bond.

仲が良い (naka ga yoi): Literally 'the relationship/inside is good.' This is the most common way to say people 'get along well.' It is more about the current state of harmony than the depth of the history.
親密な (shinmitsu na): A na-adjective that means 'intimate.' This is more formal and often implies a deeper, perhaps more private or even romantic/sexual intimacy compared to shitashii.
懇意な (kon'i na): A very formal term used in business or official contexts to describe a 'friendly relationship' or 'kindness' between parties.
身近な (mijika na): Meaning 'close to oneself' or 'familiar.' Used more for things or issues that affect you personally (e.g., 'mijika na mondai' - a problem close to home).

彼らは親密な関係にある。(They are in an intimate relationship.)

家族はとても仲が良い。(The family gets along very well.)

Understanding these alternatives allows you to fine-tune your Japanese. If you want to describe a business partner you have a long, friendly history with, kon'i or shitashii works well. If you are talking about how well your kids play together, naka ga yoi or nakayoshi is perfect. Using shitashii provides a balanced, descriptive account of emotional proximity that is versatile across many social strata.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The kanji 親 combines 'stand' (立), 'tree' (木), and 'see' (見). One popular folk etymology is that a parent is someone who stands on a tree to watch over their child, though the linguistic reality is more complex.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /ɕitaɕii/

US /ɕitaɕii/

Heiban (Flat) pitch accent. The pitch stays relatively level after an initial rise.

Rima com

Atarashii (New) Ureshii (Happy) Kanashii (Sad) Sabishii (Lonely) Tanoshii (Fun) Yasashii (Kind/Easy) Isogashii (Busy) Kibishii (Strict)

Erros comuns

Elongating the first 'i' instead of the last 'i'.
Pronouncing 'shi' as 'si'.
Confusing the pitch accent with 'chikai' (which has a different pattern).
Failing to elongate the final 'i' enough in casual speech.
Pronouncing 'ta' with too much aspiration (puff of air).

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 2/5

The kanji is common (JLPT N4/N3 level) and easy to recognize.

Escrita 3/5

The kanji 'Oya' has several strokes but is essential to learn early.

Expressão oral 2/5

The pronunciation is straightforward with flat pitch.

Audição 2/5

Easily distinguishable from other common adjectives.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

親 (oya) 友達 (tomodachi) 近い (chikai) 仲 (naka) 良い (yoi)

Aprenda a seguir

親密 (shinmitsu) 信頼 (shinrai) 友情 (yuujou) 恩 (on) 礼儀 (reigi)

Avançado

昵懇 (jikkon) 懇意 (kon'i) 疎遠 (soen) 馴れ馴れしい (narenareshii)

Gramática essencial

I-adjective conjugation

親しい (Present), 親しくない (Negative), 親しかった (Past), 親しくなかった (Past Negative).

Adverbial form (~ku)

親しく話す (Talk closely).

Noun modification

親しい友人 (Close friend).

Particle 'To' for relationships

田中さんと親しい (Close with Tanaka).

Saseru (Causative) / Rareru (Passive)

親しまれる (To be liked/familiar to others).

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Exemplos por nível

親しい友達がいます。

I have a close friend.

Attributive use: adjective + noun.

田中さんと親しいです。

I am close with Mr. Tanaka.

Predicative use with 'to' particle.

親しい人は誰ですか？

Who is a person you are close to?

Interrogative sentence.

彼は親しい人です。

He is a close person (friend/family).

Simple identification.

親しく話します。

We talk closely/familiarly.

Adverbial form 'shitashiku'.

あまり親しくないです。

We are not very close.

Negative form 'shitashikunai'.

親しい仲です。

We are in a close relationship.

Naka means relationship/bond.

もっと親しくなりたいです。

I want to become closer.

Shitashiku + naritai (want to become).

彼女とは子供の時から親しいです。

I've been close with her since we were kids.

Time expression 'toki kara' + shitashii.

親しい友人に相談しました。

I consulted a close friend.

Verb 'soudan suru' (consult).

隣の人と親しくなりました。

I became close with my neighbor.

Past tense of 'shitashiku naru'.

親しい間柄でも敬語を使います。

I use polite Japanese even with close people.

Concessive 'demo' (even if).

彼は誰とでもすぐに親しくなる。

He becomes close with anyone immediately.

Dare to demo (with anyone).

あまり親しくない人には言えません。

I can't tell people I'm not very close to.

Potential negative 'ienai'.

親しい友達をパーティーに呼びました。

I invited close friends to the party.

Direct object with 'o'.

二人はとても親しい様子ですね。

The two of them seem very close, don't they?

Yousu (appearance/state) + ne.

親しい仲にも礼儀ありという言葉を知っていますか？

Do you know the saying 'Even among close friends, there is etiquette'?

Quoting a proverb with 'to iu'.

彼は親しい友人の一人として、私の結婚式に来てくれた。

As one of my close friends, he came to my wedding.

Toshite (as/in the capacity of).

あまり親しくない相手にプライベートなことを聞くのは失礼だ。

It is rude to ask personal things of someone you aren't close to.

Gerund 'kiku no wa' as subject.

留学先で親しい友人ができて、毎日が楽しくなった。

I made close friends at my study abroad location, and every day became fun.

Resultative 'te' form.

彼女は親しい人には自分の悩みを打ち明ける。

She reveals her worries to people she is close to.

Uchiakeru (to reveal/confide).

仕事の同僚と親しくなるのは良いことだが、公私混同は避けたい。

It's good to become close with colleagues, but I want to avoid mixing public and private life.

Koushi kondou (mixing public/private).

親しい友人からのアドバイスは、いつも心強い。

Advice from close friends is always encouraging.

Kokoro-zuyoi (encouraging).

親しい間柄だからこそ、本音で話し合いたい。

Precisely because we are close, I want to talk with our true feelings.

Dakara koso (precisely because).

家族ぐるみの親しい付き合いが、数十年にわたって続いている。

A close relationship involving whole families has continued for decades.

Ni watatte (over a period of).

親しい友人であっても、金銭の貸し借りは控えるべきだ。

Even if they are close friends, one should refrain from lending or borrowing money.

Beki da (should/ought to).

彼は親しい人々に対しては非常に寛大な一面を持っている。

He has a very generous side toward people he is close to.

Taishite (toward).

親しくなった途端に、彼女の態度が急に馴れ馴れしくなった。

As soon as we became close, her attitude suddenly became overly familiar.

Totan ni (as soon as/the moment).

親しい友人との死別は、耐えがたい悲しみをもたらす。

The death of a close friend brings unbearable sadness.

Taegatai (unbearable).

その政治家は、特定の企業と親しい関係にあると噂されている。

That politician is rumored to have a close relationship with a specific company.

Passive 'uwasasarete iru'.

親しい友人を裏切るような真似は、決してしたくない。

I definitely do not want to do anything like betraying a close friend.

Mane (imitation/behavior).

親しい間柄であれば、言葉がなくても通じ合えることがある。

If it's a close relationship, sometimes you can understand each other without words.

Ba-form (if).

親しい友人との交流は、精神的な健康を維持する上で不可欠な要素である。

Interaction with close friends is an essential element in maintaining mental health.

Ue de (in terms of/for the purpose of).

彼は親しい人々にさえ、自分の過去を語ろうとはしなかった。

He wouldn't even try to talk about his past to those close to him.

Sae (even) + volitional negative.

親しい間柄における「甘え」の構造について、心理学的な見地から考察する。

We will examine the structure of 'amae' (dependency) in close relationships from a psychological perspective.

Ni okeru (in/at).

長年親しくしてきた友人が、突然遠くへ引っ越してしまうのは寂しいものだ。

It is a lonely thing when a friend you've been close with for years suddenly moves far away.

Mono da (inherent nature of things).

親しい仲であっても、プライバシーの境界線を守ることは重要だ。

Even in close relationships, it is important to respect privacy boundaries.

Koto wa juuyou da.

彼女の作品には、親しい人々への深い愛情と洞察が込められている。

Her works are imbued with deep affection and insight for those close to her.

Komerarete iru (to be filled/imbued with).

親しい友人同士が些細な誤解から絶交に至るのは、非常に残念なことだ。

It is very regrettable when close friends end up cutting ties over a trivial misunderstanding.

Itaru (to lead to/reach).

親しい間柄を維持するためには、互いの成長を認め合う寛容さが必要だ。

To maintain a close relationship, the tolerance to acknowledge each other's growth is necessary.

Tame ni wa (in order to).

親しい間柄に特有の非言語的コミュニケーションは、文化によって大きく異なる。

Non-verbal communication unique to close relationships varies greatly by culture.

Tokyuu no (peculiar/unique to).

かつては親しい盟友であった二人が、政治的見解の相違から袂を分かつこととなった。

The two, who were once close allies, ended up parting ways due to differences in political views.

Tamoto o wakatsu (idiom: to part ways).

親しい友人との対話を通じて、自己のアイデンティティを再構築していく過程を描く。

It depicts the process of reconstructing one's identity through dialogue with close friends.

Tsuujite (through).

親しい関係性が、個人の意思決定に及ぼす影響力は看過できないものがある。

The influence that close relationships exert on individual decision-making cannot be overlooked.

Kanka dekinai (cannot be overlooked).

親しい間柄ゆえの「遠慮のなさ」が、時として取り返しのつかない摩擦を生む。

The 'lack of restraint' resulting from a close relationship sometimes creates irreparable friction.

Yue no (due to/because of).

彼は親しい友人たちに囲まれ、穏やかな最期を迎えたと言われている。

It is said that he met a peaceful end, surrounded by his close friends.

Kakomare (passive/surrounded).

親しい間柄での相互扶助は、伝統的な地域社会の基盤を成していた。

Mutual aid among close relations formed the foundation of traditional local communities.

Kiban o nasu (to form the foundation).

親しい友人との稀有な絆は、人生における最も貴重な財産の一つと言えよう。

One could say that the rare bond with a close friend is one of the most precious assets in life.

Ieyou (one might say).

Colocações comuns

親しい友人

親しい間柄

親しい仲

親しくなる

親しく付き合う

親しく接する

親しい関係

親しい先輩

親しい親戚

親しい同僚

Frases Comuns

親しい仲にも礼儀あり

— Even among close friends, there should be courtesy. It emphasizes maintaining boundaries.

親しい仲にも礼儀ありというから、言葉遣いには気をつけよう。

親しくさせていただく

— A very humble way to say 'to be close with someone' (often used in business/formal introductions).

田中様には以前から親しくさせていただいております。

親しみを込めて

— With a sense of familiarity or friendliness.

彼は親しみを込めて私を呼んだ。

親しみを感じる

— To feel a sense of closeness or familiarity toward someone or something.

その古い建物に親しみを感じる。

親しみがわく

— To begin to feel a sense of closeness/familiarity.

話しているうちに、彼に親しみがわいてきた。

親しげな様子

— A friendly or familiar appearance/manner.

二人は親しげな様子で歩いていた。

親しく語り合う

— To have a deep, friendly talk with someone.

昨夜は旧友と親しく語り合った。

親しく交わる

— To associate closely with others socially.

異文化の人々と親しく交わる。

親しみを覚える

— To feel familiarity (similar to kanjiru).

彼の笑顔に親しみを覚えた。

親しくしている

— To be on friendly terms with someone currently.

隣の家族とは親しくしている。

Frequentemente confundido com

親しい vs 近い (chikai)

Chikai is for physical distance or time. Shitashii is for emotional relationships.

親しい vs 仲が良い (naka ga yoi)

Naka ga yoi is 'getting along well'. Shitashii is 'being close/intimate'.

親しい vs 親切 (shinsetsu)

Shinsetsu means 'kind'. While related via the kanji 'Oya', it describes a personality trait, not a relationship status.

Expressões idiomáticas

"親しい仲にも礼儀あり"

— Courtesy even in close relationships. (The most famous idiom involving the word).

親しい仲にも礼儀あり、勝手に部屋に入るのは良くない。

Common

"親しき仲にも垣根を作れ"

— Build a fence even between close friends. Similar to 'good fences make good neighbors.'

親しき仲にも垣根を作れというように、プライバシーは大切だ。

Literary

"親しみやすい"

— Easy to get close to; approachable.

彼女は親しみやすい性格だ。

Neutral

"親しまれる"

— To be loved or well-liked by people (passive form).

この歌は多くの人に親しまれている。

Neutral

"懇意になる"

— To become close/friendly (more formal than shitashiku naru).

取引先の社長と懇意になった。

Formal

"水魚の交わり"

— An extremely close, inseparable relationship (like fish and water).

二人は水魚の交わりのような親しい仲だ。

Literary

"肝胆相照らす"

— To be soul mates; to show each other one's innermost heart.

彼らは肝胆相照らす親しい友人だ。

Archaic/Literary

"竹馬の友"

— Childhood friend (literally 'stilt-walking friend').

彼は私の竹馬の友で、今でも親しい。

Literary

"旧知の仲"

— An old acquaintance/long-time close friend.

彼とは旧知の仲で、非常に親しい。

Formal

"昵懇の間柄"

— A very intimate, close relationship (often used in historical or very formal contexts).

両家は代々昵懇の間柄である。

Formal/Archaic

Fácil de confundir

親しい vs 近い

Both translate to 'close'.

Chikai = 1km away. Shitashii = Knows your secrets.

駅に近い (Near station) vs 親しい友人 (Close friend).

親しい vs 仲良し

Both mean friendly.

Nakayoshi is casual/childish. Shitashii is mature/objective.

子供たちは仲良しだ。

親しい vs 親密

Both mean intimate.

Shinmitsu is more formal and can imply romantic/private intimacy.

二人は親密な関係にある。

親しい vs 身近

Both mean 'close to'.

Mijika is for things that affect your daily life or are 'close at hand'.

身近な問題 (A problem close to home).

親しい vs 馴れ馴れしい

Both involve closeness.

Shitashii is positive closeness. Narenareshii is negative (overly familiar/rude).

彼は馴れ馴れしい態度をとる。

Padrões de frases

[Person] と親しいです。

田中さんと親しいです。

親しい [Noun] がいます。

親しい友達がいます。

[Person] と親しくなりました。

彼と親しくなりました。

親しい仲にも [Noun] あり。

親しい仲にも礼儀あり。

あまり親しくない [Noun] には [Verb-nai]。

あまり親しくない人には言いません。

親しく付き合う。

隣人と親しく付き合っています。

親しい間柄ゆえに...。

親しい間柄ゆえに、遠慮がなくなってしまった。

親しい盟友として...。

彼は親しい盟友として、私を支えてくれた。

Família de palavras

Substantivos

親しみ (shitashimi) - familiarity/closeness

親密 (shinmitsu) - intimacy

親交 (shinkou) - social intercourse/friendship

Verbos

親しむ (shitashimu) - to get close to/to become familiar with

親しまれる (shitashimareru) - to be well-liked

Adjetivos

親しげな (shitashige na) - seemingly friendly/familiar

Relacionado

親 (oya) - parent

親切 (shinsetsu) - kind

両親 (ryoushin) - parents

親戚 (shinseki) - relative

親友 (shinyuu) - best friend

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Como usar

frequency

High. It's a fundamental word for social interaction.

Erros comuns

Using 'shitashii' for physical distance. → 駅に近い (Eki ni chikai).
'Shitashii' is only for emotional/relational closeness.
Saying 'Kare ni shitashii'. → 彼と親しい (Kare to shitashii).
The particle 'to' (with) is used for relationships.
Using 'shitashii' for objects (e.g., 'close' book). → 身近な本 (Mijika na hon).
'Shitashii' requires a human element or relationship.
Confusing 'shitashii' with 'shinsetsu' (kind). → 親切な人 (Shinsetsu na hito).
While they share a kanji, they mean 'close' vs 'kind'.
Assuming 'shitashii' always means romantic. → 親しい友人 (Shitashii yuujin).
It is most commonly used for platonic friends.

Dicas

Building Rapport

Use 'shitashiku naritai' to express a desire to befriend someone. It's a very polite and warm sentiment.

The Etiquette Rule

Always remember 'Shitashii naka nimo reigi ari'. In Japan, being close doesn't mean you can stop being polite.

Adjective Rules

Remember that 'shitashii' is an i-adjective. Its negative is 'shitashikunai' and its adverb is 'shitashiku'.

Adult Language

Choose 'shitashii' over 'nakayoshi' in professional or adult social settings to sound more mature.

Kanji Hint

The kanji for parent (親) is the key. If they feel like family, they are 'shitashii'.

Distance Check

If you can measure it in meters, use 'chikai'. If you measure it in trust, use 'shitashii'.

Compound Words

Use 'shitashimiyasui' (approachable) to describe someone's personality in a resume or introduction.

Pitch Accent

Listen for the flat pitch. It distinguishes it from other similar-sounding words.

Natural Phrases

Pair 'shitashii' with 'yuujin' (friend) or 'aidagara' (relationship) for the most natural-sounding Japanese.

Uchi-Soto

Understand that 'shitashii' people are part of your 'Uchi' (inside) circle, where you can be more yourself.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of 'Oya' (Parent). Since 'Shitashii' uses the 'Oya' kanji, remember that it means being 'Parent-level close' to someone.

Associação visual

Imagine two people standing under a single umbrella in the rain, sharing a private, 'shitashii' space.

Word Web

Friendship Trust Family Comfort History No secrets Uchi Honne

Desafio

Try to identify three people in your life who are 'shitashii' and write a sentence for each using the word.

Origem da palavra

Derived from the Old Japanese word 'shitashu'. The root is connected to the concept of something being 'under' or 'within' one's own circle.

Significado original: Originally referred to being in the same 'inner' group or family.

Japonic.

Contexto cultural

Be careful not to assume 'shitashii' implies romance unless the context is clear. It is primarily a word for platonic or familial closeness.

English speakers often use 'close' for both physical and emotional distance. In Japanese, these are strictly separated (chikai vs shitashii).

Shitashii Naka nimo Reigi Ari (Common Proverb) Kokoro by Natsume Soseki (explores the limits of shitashii relationships) Many Man'yoshu poems use the root of this word.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Introducing a friend

こちらは親しい友人の...です。
彼とは親しくしています。
昔からの親しい仲です。
とても親しい人です。

Describing neighbors

隣の人とは親しいです。
親しく付き合っています。
親しくなりました。
親しい間柄です。

Work relationships

親しい同僚です。
親しい先輩がいます。
仕事以外でも親しいです。
親しく相談できる相手です。

Social Boundaries

あまり親しくない人です。
親しくない人には教えません。
親しくなってから話します。
親しすぎるのも問題です。

Cultural Proverbs

親しい仲にも礼儀あり。
親しき仲にも垣根を作れ。
親しみを感じる。
親しみがわく。

Iniciadores de conversa

"日本に親しい友人はいますか？ (Do you have any close friends in Japan?)"

"どうやって彼と親しくなったのですか？ (How did you become close with him?)"

"親しい人と過ごす時間は大切だと思いますか？ (Do you think time spent with close people is important?)"

"親しい仲にも礼儀ありという言葉についてどう思いますか？ (What do you think about the saying 'Even among close friends, there is etiquette'?)"

"新しい場所で親しい人を作るのは難しいですか？ (Is it difficult to make close friends in a new place?)"

Temas para diário

あなたの最も親しい友人について書いてください。 (Write about your closest friend.)

最近、誰かと親しくなった経験はありますか？ (Have you recently had an experience of becoming close with someone?)

「親しい仲にも礼儀あり」を実感した出来事を教えてください。 (Tell me about an event where you felt the truth of 'Even among close friends, there is etiquette'.)

親しい関係を維持するために、何が一番大切だと思いますか？ (What do you think is most important for maintaining a close relationship?)

親しい人とそうでない人で、あなたの態度はどう変わりますか？ (How does your attitude change between close people and those who aren't?)

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Yes, but it describes the closeness of the relationship rather than the romantic nature. 'Koibito' is the word for boyfriend.

It is neutral. You can use it in almost any setting, though the surrounding grammar (desu/masu) will determine the formality.

'Naka ga yoi' focuses on the current harmony (getting along), while 'shitashii' focuses on the depth of the bond (closeness).

Usually no. Use 'najimi no' for a familiar place. However, 'shitashimi' (noun) can be felt toward a place.

Use 'Shitashiku narimashita' (formal) or 'Shitashiku natta' (informal).

It means 'Even among close friends, there is etiquette.' It warns against being rude just because you are close.

Yes, if you have a particularly close bond with them beyond just being related.

'Utoi' (distant/estranged) or 'Soen' (remote/estranged).

No, it is strictly for people or relationships.

Yes, to describe long-term trusted partners, though 'kon'i' is a more formal business alternative.

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