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整体

zhengtii [t͡ʂən˧˥ ʈʰi˧˥]
Pratique Notas e dicas

Overview

The Chinese word '整体' (zhěng tǐ) is a versatile term that broadly conveys the idea of a 'whole' or 'entirety.' It is frequently used to emphasize the completeness, unity, or holistic nature of something, often in contrast to individual parts or components.

As a noun, '整体' refers to the complete entity, system, or unit formed by various interconnected parts. It implies that these parts function together to create a cohesive whole. For instance, when discussing a complex system, one might refer to '系统的整体' (xìtǒng de zhěngtǐ) to mean 'the system as a whole.' In this sense, it highlights the interdependence and integration of elements. When used with phrases like '从整体上' (cóng zhěngtǐ shàng), it means 'from an overall perspective' or 'holistically,' suggesting a broad view that encompasses all aspects rather than focusing on isolated details.

As an adjective, '整体' describes something that is complete, comprehensive, or pertaining to the entire unit. For example, '整体规划' (zhěngtǐ guīhuà) translates to 'overall planning' or 'holistic planning,' signifying a plan that considers all relevant factors and components. Similarly, '整体效果' (zhěngtǐ xiàoguǒ) refers to the 'overall effect' or 'total impact,' indicating the combined outcome of all contributing elements. This adjectival use often emphasizes a sense of unity and coherence.

'整体' can be applied in a wide range of contexts, from describing physical objects and structures to abstract concepts like strategies, systems, or even personal well-being. It is a fundamental word for expressing the idea of completeness and interconnectedness in Chinese. Understanding '整体' is crucial for grasping nuanced meanings in various discussions, especially in fields like management, design, philosophy, and social sciences, where the concept of the whole being greater than the sum of its parts is often highlighted.

Exemplos

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Colocações comuns

整体而言 (zhěngtǐ éryán)
整体利益 (zhěngtǐ lìyì)
整体规划 (zhěngtǐ guīhuà)
从整体来看 (cóng zhěngtǐ lái kàn)

Frequentemente confundido com

整体 vs 整体性

adds '-ness' for abstract noun, implying integrity or wholeness as a quality rather than the whole itself

整体 vs 全部

refers to 'all' or 'the whole lot', often implies every single part without exception, can be used for countable items

整体 vs 全部地

adverbial form of 全部, meaning 'completely' or 'wholly'

整体 vs 全体

refers to 'all (members/group)', typically used for people or a collective body

整体 vs 所有

means 'all' or 'every', often used as a determiner before a noun, can be for countable or uncountable nouns

整体 vs 完全

means 'complete' or 'entire' as an adjective, or 'completely' as an adverb, focuses on thoroughness or lack of remainder

整体 vs 整个

means 'whole' or 'entire', often used before a noun to emphasize the completeness of something, similar to 整体 but more common in spoken language and for general 'whole of something'

整体 vs 全部的

adjectival form of 全部, meaning 'all of' or 'the entire'

整体 vs 整体上

adverbial form, meaning 'overall' or 'on the whole'

整体 vs 总体

refers to 'total' or 'overall', often used in a statistical or macroscopic sense, implying a general sum or outlook

整体 vs 总共

means 'altogether' or 'in total', usually referring to a sum or count

整体 vs 总体上

adverbial form, meaning 'overall' or 'in general'

整体 vs 周全

means 'thorough' or 'all-around', often refers to careful consideration or planning

整体 vs 全盘

refers to 'entirely' or 'overall', often used in the context of plans, situations, or assessments, implying a comprehensive view

整体 vs 全面

means 'comprehensive' or 'all-around', often referring to coverage, understanding, or development

Padrões gramaticais

整体 + noun (e.g., 整体规划 - overall plan, 整体效果 - overall effect) 从整体上看 (cóng zhěngtǐ shàng kàn) - from an overall perspective / on the whole 强调整体性 (qiángdiào zhěngtǐxìng) - emphasize the integrity / wholeness

Como usar

The term '整体' (zhěngtǐ) is a versatile noun that can refer to a 'whole,' 'entirety,' or 'overall situation.' It can also function as an adjective, meaning 'overall' or 'holistic,' often preceding nouns like '整体规划' (overall plan) or '整体效果' (overall effect). When used as a noun, it frequently appears in phrases such as '从整体来看' (from an overall perspective) or '考虑整体利益' (to consider the overall interests). It's crucial to understand that '整体' often implies a sense of completeness and unity, where all components are necessary and interrelated. It is not merely a collection of parts but a structured and organized entity. For instance, when describing a building, '整体设计' (overall design) refers to the complete architectural concept rather than just individual rooms. In business contexts, '整体解决方案' (overall solution) denotes a comprehensive and integrated approach to a problem. While '全部' (quánbù) also means 'all' or 'entire,' '整体' carries a stronger connotation of structure and intrinsic unity. '整体' can also be used to describe the general trend or state of affairs, as in '经济整体状况' (overall economic situation). The choice between '整体' and similar terms often depends on whether the emphasis is on the integrated nature of the components or simply their totality.

Erros comuns

混淆“整体”和“全部”。“整体”侧重于内在联系和构成，而“全部”侧重于数量上的总和。

Dicas

辨析：整体 vs. 全部 vs. 全体

'整体' 强调事物内部各部分的统一性和完整性，指一个有机的整体，比如“工厂的整体生产能力”。'全部' 强调事物的总量，没有遗漏，比如“全部图书都已售出”。'全体' 指所有的人或所有的成员，比如“全体师生”。

常见错误

1. 将'整体'与'部分'混淆：'整体'是对'部分'而言的，不能用'整体'来指代'部分'。2. 滥用'整体'：在不需要强调统一性和完整性时，使用'全部'或'所有'即可。

学习策略

1. 理解“整体”的侧重点：统一性、完整性、有机性。2. 掌握其在不同语境下的用法：名词和形容词。3. 通过例句和辨析，区分其与近义词的区别。4. 多进行造句练习，巩固理解。

Origem da palavra

由“整” (zhěng, complete, entire) 和 “体” (tǐ, body, form) 组成。

Contexto cultural

The word '整体' (zhěngtǐ) in Chinese carries significant cultural weight, often reflecting a holistic worldview prevalent in traditional Chinese thought. Unlike a purely analytical or reductionist approach, '整体' emphasizes the interconnectedness of parts and their integration into a coherent whole. This concept is deeply embedded in various aspects of Chinese culture, from traditional medicine, where the body is viewed as an integrated system, to philosophy, where the harmony of the universe is paramount. It also appears in artistic expressions, such as landscape painting, where individual elements contribute to a grand, unified composition. The idea of '整体' encourages an understanding that transcends individual components, seeking the underlying order and balance within a larger system. It suggests that the true nature or meaning of something can only be fully grasped when all its constituent parts and their relationships are considered together. This holistic perspective often leads to a focus on long-term implications and sustainable solutions, as changes to one part are understood to impact the entire system.

Dica de memorização

想象一个“整体”的身体，每个部分都相互关联，构成了一个完整的“体” (tǐ)。

Perguntas frequentes

4 perguntas

'整体' (zhěng tǐ) is a Chinese word that translates to 'whole,' 'entirety,' 'overall,' or 'integral.' It refers to all the parts of something considered together, as opposed to individually. It emphasizes the complete and undivided nature of an object, system, or concept, suggesting that all its components are interconnected and form a unified whole. For instance, you might refer to the '整体' of a company to discuss its overall structure and function, or the '整体' effect of a policy to describe its comprehensive impact.

'整体' can be used in various contexts. For example, you could say: '我们需要从整体来看待这个问题' (Wǒmen xūyào cóng zhěng tǐ lái kàndài zhège wèntí), which means 'We need to look at this issue from a holistic perspective' or 'We need to consider the problem as a whole.' Another example might be: '这个设计方案的整体效果很好' (Zhège shèjì fāng'àn de zhěng tǐ xiàoguǒ hěn hǎo), meaning 'The overall effect of this design plan is very good.' It often implies a comprehensive view rather than focusing on specific details.

Yes, there are several synonyms for '整体' depending on the specific nuance you want to convey. Some common ones include '全部' (quán bù), meaning 'all' or 'entirety,' which focuses on the completeness of something. Another is '全面' (quán miàn), meaning 'comprehensive' or 'all-around,' often used when discussing an approach or understanding. '总体' (zǒng tǐ) is also very close in meaning, often translating to 'overall' or 'general,' and is frequently interchangeable with '整体' in many contexts, particularly when referring to an overall situation or concept.

'整体' (zhěng tǐ) and '部分' (bù fèn) are antonyms. '整体' refers to the whole or entirety of something, encompassing all its components and aspects as a single unit. In contrast, '部分' means 'part,' 'section,' or 'portion,' referring to only a piece or segment of a larger whole. For example, if you consider a car, the '整体' is the entire vehicle, while a '部分' could be a single tire or the engine. Understanding this distinction is crucial for grasping how things relate as a complete unit versus individual components.

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