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جمد

jamada /d͡ʒamada/
开始练习

Overview

The Arabic word 'جمد' (jamada) is a versatile verb with a core meaning related to freezing, solidifying, or becoming motionless. Its precise interpretation often depends on the context in which it's used.

At its most fundamental, 'جمد' refers to the process of a liquid turning into a solid due to cold temperatures. This is analogous to how water 'freezes' into ice. For example, one might say 'الماء جمد' (al-ma'u jamada), meaning 'the water froze.' This physical transformation is the most direct and common understanding of the word.

Beyond the literal freezing of liquids, 'جمد' can also describe a general state of solidification or hardening. Imagine a substance that, while not necessarily a liquid, becomes firm or rigid. For instance, if a soft material 'hardens,' one might use this verb to describe the change in its consistency.

Another significant meaning of 'جمد' extends to the realm of motion and activity. In this sense, it means 'to become motionless,' 'to stop,' or 'to become stagnant.' This can apply to physical objects ceasing movement, or even to abstract concepts like processes or emotions. For example, 'الحركة جمدت' (al-haraka jamadat) could mean 'the movement stopped' or 'the activity stagnated.' When referring to a person, it could imply becoming rigid with fear or surprise, or simply ceasing all activity.

Furthermore, 'جمد' can carry a metaphorical sense of being 'frozen' or 'paralyzed' by fear, shock, or indecision. In such cases, a person might 'freeze' in their tracks, unable to move or react. This usage highlights the emotional and psychological impact of certain situations.

In a financial or administrative context, 'جمد' can mean 'to freeze' or 'to suspend' assets, accounts, or operations. This implies a halt to transactions or activities related to those entities. For example, 'تم تجميد الحسابات' (tamma tajmeed al-hisabat) means 'the accounts were frozen.'

The root letters ج-م-د (j-m-d) are associated with coldness, stiffness, and cessation. This core semantic field allows the word to branch out into various related meanings while maintaining a consistent underlying theme. Understanding these nuances requires careful attention to the surrounding words and the overall context of the sentence.

例句

1

جَمَدَ الماءُ في الأنابيبِ.

Water freezing in pipes due to cold temperatures.

The water froze in the pipes.

2

جَمَّدَتِ الأمُّ الخُضرواتَ لِحِفظِها.

Freezing vegetables for preservation.

The mother froze the vegetables to preserve them.

3

جَمَدَتْ دماءُ الخوفِ في عروقهِ.

Figurative expression for extreme fear.

The blood of fear froze in his veins.

4

تَجَمَّدَ المشروعُ بسببِ نقصِ التمويلِ.

A project being halted or put on hold.

The project was frozen due to lack of funding.

5

جَمَّدَ البنكُ الأرصدةَ المشبوهةَ.

A bank freezing financial assets.

The bank froze the suspicious assets.

常见搭配

ماء جمد
تجمد الدم
جمدت الأفكار
جمد المبلغ

容易混淆的词

جمد vs جمد

same word, different meaning

جمد vs جمد (jamad)

different pronunciation, different meaning

语法模式

فعل ماض ثلاثي مجرد فعل مضارع مرفوع فعل أمر

如何使用

使用说明

The primary usage of 'جمد' (jamada) is to describe the physical process of something becoming solid due to cold, such as water freezing into ice. It can be used transitively ('جمد الماء' - jamada al-ma' - the water froze) or intransitively ('جمدت السوائل' - jamadat al-sawā'il - the liquids solidified). When used metaphorically, it often implies a halt in progress, a standstill, or a state of being fixed and unchanging. For example, 'جمدت المفاوضات' (jamadat al-mufawadāt) means the negotiations stalled or froze. It can also refer to financial assets being frozen, as in 'جمدت الأصول' (jamadat al-usul). In a more abstract sense, it can describe a lack of vitality or development. It is important to distinguish between the literal and figurative meanings based on the context. The verb can take various forms depending on tense and subject, but the core meaning revolves around a transition to a solid or static state. When referring to emotions or intellectual processes, it often conveys a negative connotation of rigidity or an inability to adapt.

常见错误

One common mistake is confusing جمد (jamad) with جمد (jumud), which means 'stagnation' or 'inertia.' While related in the sense of 'lack of movement,' the active verb جمد specifically refers to the process of freezing or solidifying due to cold, whereas جمود is more abstract. Another common error is mispronouncing the 'ج' sound, which is a 'j' sound as in 'jam,' not a 'g' sound.

小贴士

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Related words

Consider words like 'مُتَجَمِّد' (frozen, congealed), 'تَجَمُّد' (freezing, congelation), and 'مُجَمِّد' (freezer, freezing agent).

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Figurative meanings

The word 'جمد' can also be used figuratively to mean 'to become stagnant', 'to stop progressing', or 'to be emotionally cold'.

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Usage in context

Pay attention to the context to distinguish between the literal meaning of freezing and its figurative uses.

词源

From the Proto-Semitic root *g-m-d, meaning 'to congeal, to freeze'. Cognates include Akkadian gamādu (to congeal, to freeze), Hebrew gamad (to freeze, to be stiff), and Aramaic gmad (to freeze). The root signifies a state of hardness or solidification due to cold. In Arabic, the verb جمد (jamada) specifically refers to water or liquids turning into ice or becoming solid from cold. It can also metaphorically describe something becoming rigid, stiff, or stagnant. The noun جمد (jamad) refers to ice or frozen matter. The word has been consistently used in Arabic literature and everyday language to denote the process and state of freezing.

文化背景

The word 'جمد' (jamada) in Arabic carries a broad cultural context, often extending beyond its literal meaning of freezing or solidifying. In many Arab societies, it can be used metaphorically to describe a state of stagnation, lack of progress, or emotional numbness. For instance, if a project isn't moving forward, one might say 'المشروع جمد' (al-mashrou' jamad), meaning the project has frozen or stalled. It can also describe a person who is emotionally unresponsive or rigid, as in 'قلبه جمد' (qalbu jamad), meaning his heart has frozen, implying a lack of empathy or feeling. This metaphorical usage is deeply embedded in everyday language and literature, reflecting a cultural understanding of movement and change versus stasis. The concept of 'جمود' (jumūd), the noun form, is often associated with traditionalism or an unwillingness to adapt, contrasting with a desire for dynamism and reform in various aspects of life, from social structures to intellectual thought.

记忆技巧

Visualize a 'gemmed' (جمد) ice cube, solid and sparkling, helping you remember 'to freeze' or 'to become solid from cold.'

常见问题

4 个问题

The primary meanings of 'جمد' (jamada) revolve around the concept of becoming solid, rigid, or motionless. It can mean 'to freeze,' 'to congeal,' 'to solidify,' or 'to become stiff.' This word often describes a physical transformation from a liquid or fluid state to a more stable, unmoving form due to cold or other factors. It can also imply a state of inactivity or stagnation.

When 'جمد' is used to describe temperature changes, it specifically means 'to freeze' or 'to become frozen.' For example, الماء جمد (al-ma'u jamada) means 'the water froze.' It indicates the process where a liquid turns into a solid due to a drop in temperature below its freezing point. This is its most common usage in relation to cold.

Yes, 'جمد' can indeed be used metaphorically. It can describe a state of stagnation, inaction, or lack of progress. For instance, 'تجمّد الوضع' (tajammad al-wad'u) could mean 'the situation became frozen' or 'the situation stagnated,' implying that no new developments are occurring. It can also refer to a person becoming 'frozen' with fear or shock, unable to move or react.

From 'جمد' (jamada), several related words and concepts are derived. 'جميد' (jameed) refers to a solidified product, often a type of dried yogurt or cheese. 'تجميد' (tajmeed) is the verbal noun meaning 'freezing' or 'solidification' (e.g., food preservation by freezing). 'مجمّد' (mujammad) can mean 'frozen' (as an adjective, like 'frozen food') or 'freezer' (as a noun, the appliance). The concept also extends to 'جمود' (jumood), which signifies inertia, stagnation, or rigidity, encompassing both physical and abstract senses.

自我测试

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الماء _____ في درجة حرارة صفر مئوية.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
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كانت الأرض _____ بالثلج بعد العاصفة.

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لقد _____ الطعام في الفريزر للحفاظ عليه.

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