قَرِيب 30秒了解
- Qarīb means 'relative' or 'kin' in Arabic.
- It comes from the root Q-R-B, meaning 'nearness'.
- The plural form is 'Aqribā'', used for 'relatives'.
- It covers both blood relatives and in-laws.
The Arabic word قَرِيب (Qarīb) is a foundational term in the Arabic language, derived from the triliteral root Q-R-B (ق-ر-ب), which fundamentally denotes the concept of 'closeness' or 'proximity.' While in a spatial sense it means 'near' or 'close by,' when used as a noun in a social or familial context, it specifically refers to a relative or kinsperson. This semantic transition from physical distance to emotional and biological connection is a hallmark of Arabic's logical structure. A relative is someone who is 'close' to you through the bonds of blood (nasab) or marriage (musaharah). In the plural form, it becomes أَقْرِبَاء (Aqribā'), which is used to describe one's extended family or kin group. Understanding this word requires recognizing that in Arab culture, the definition of a 'relative' often extends beyond the nuclear family to include cousins, second cousins, and even distant tribal connections, all of whom are considered 'close' in the social fabric.
- Root Meaning
- Proximity, nearness, or being within reach.
- Social Nuance
- Refers to anyone within the family tree, emphasizing the bond of blood.
- Plural Form
- Aqribā' (أقرباء), used for a group of relatives.
زَارَنِي قَرِيبٌ لِي مِنَ القَرْيَةِ اليَوْمَ.
A relative of mine from the village visited me today.
هَلْ هُوَ قَرِيبُكَ؟
Is he your relative?
الأَقْرِبَاءُ هُمْ سَنَدُ الإِنْسَانِ.
Relatives are a person's support system.
لَدَيَّ قَرِيبَةٌ تَعْمَلُ فِي المَصْرِفِ.
I have a (female) relative who works in the bank.
دَعَوْتُ كُلَّ أَقْرِبَائِي إِلَى الحَفْلَةِ.
I invited all my relatives to the party.
- Gender Agreement
- Use 'Qarīb' for males and 'Qarībah' for females.
- Possessive Forms
- Commonly used with suffixes: Qarībī (my relative), Qarībuka (your relative).
Using 'Qarīb' correctly involves understanding its dual role as both a spatial adjective and a relational noun. When you are talking about family, you are essentially saying someone is 'close' to you in the family tree. In Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), the word is versatile and can be used in formal writing, legal documents, and daily conversation. To specify a male relative, use قَرِيب, and for a female relative, use قَرِيبَة. The plural أَقْرِبَاء is essential for discussing 'relatives' as a collective group.
One of the most common ways to use this word is with the preposition 'li' (لـ) to indicate possession or relationship, such as 'Qarībun lī' (a relative of mine). Alternatively, you can attach a possessive pronoun directly: 'Qarībī' (my relative). In sentence construction, it often appears as the subject or object of verbs related to visiting, knowing, or helping. For example, 'Zurtu aqribā'ī' (I visited my relatives). It is also important to distinguish between 'Qarīb' (relative) and 'Nasīb' (in-law), though 'Qarīb' is often used as a broad umbrella term for both blood relatives and those related by marriage.
In higher-level Arabic, you might encounter the phrase 'al-aqrabūn awlā bi-al-ma'rūf' (relatives are more deserving of kindness), a famous proverb emphasizing familial duty. When using the word in a sentence, ensure that the adjectives following it agree in gender and number. For example, 'Aqribā'ī al-a'izzā'' (my dear relatives). If you are describing a distant relative, you would use the phrase 'qarīb min ba'īd' (a distant relative), which literally translates to 'a relative from far away,' showcasing the spatial logic of the language once again.
You will encounter 'Qarīb' and its plural 'Aqribā'' in a variety of settings. In social gatherings, it is the standard word used to introduce someone whose specific relationship (like 'second cousin once removed') might be too complex to explain quickly. You'll hear: 'Hādhā qarībī' (This is my relative). In religious sermons and Islamic teachings, the term is frequently used to discuss 'Silat al-Rahim' (maintaining the bonds of kinship), where 'Aqribā'' are the primary focus of this social obligation.
In legal and administrative contexts, such as inheritance law or visa applications, the term 'al-aqārib' (another plural form, though 'aqribā'' is more common for people) is used to define next of kin. On news broadcasts, when reporting on events affecting families, journalists will often mention 'aqārib al-dahāyā' (relatives of the victims). Even in literature and poetry, the word is used to evoke feelings of belonging, support, or sometimes the sting of betrayal (as in the famous line 'The sting of relatives is sharper than a sword').
In daily life, if you are traveling in an Arabic-speaking country and someone asks about your family, they might ask: 'Hal laka aqribā' hunā?' (Do you have relatives here?). In weddings and funerals, the 'Aqribā'' are the inner circle of attendees. Understanding this word is key to navigating the deeply family-oriented social structure of the Arab world, where your 'relatives' are often your primary social and economic safety net.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing the spatial meaning of 'Qarīb' (near) with the relational meaning (relative). While they share the same spelling, the context usually clarifies the meaning. For instance, 'al-bayt qarīb' means 'the house is near,' but 'huwa qarīb' usually means 'he is a relative' if a person is the subject. Another mistake is failing to use the correct plural. Some learners try to pluralize it as 'qarībūn' (using the sound masculine plural), but the correct broken plural is أَقْرِبَاء (Aqribā').
Another nuance is the difference between 'Qarīb' and 'Ahl' (family). While 'Ahl' refers to your immediate household or family as a unit, 'Qarīb' refers to an individual member of the extended family. You wouldn't usually call your father your 'Qarīb' in a normal conversation; you would call him 'Wālidī.' 'Qarīb' is typically reserved for those outside the nuclear family, like cousins, uncles, or aunts, or when speaking generally about kin. Additionally, learners often forget the feminine form قَرِيبَة (Qarībah) when referring to a female relative, which is grammatically necessary.
Finally, be careful with the preposition 'min.' 'Qarīb min' means 'near to' (distance), but when talking about a relative, you usually use 'li' (e.g., 'qarīb lī' - a relative of mine) or a possessive suffix. Saying 'huwa qarīb minnī' could mean 'he is near me' physically, rather than 'he is my relative,' although in some dialects, it can mean both. To be safe in MSA, use the possessive form for relatives.
Several words in Arabic overlap with 'Qarīb,' each with its own specific shade of meaning. نَسِيب (Nasīb) specifically refers to a relative by marriage (an in-law), whereas 'Qarīb' is more general. حَمِيم (Hamīm) refers to a 'close' friend or relative, but with a strong connotation of warmth and intimacy, often used in the Quran to describe a close protector. أَهْل (Ahl) is a broader term meaning 'family' or 'people of,' used to describe the entire household.
Then there is عَائِلَة ('Ā'ilah), the most common word for 'family' in a modern sense. While 'Qarīb' is an individual, ''Ā'ilah' is the collective. ذَوِي القُرْبَى (Dhawī al-Qurbā) is a formal, often Quranic expression meaning 'those of kinship,' used in legal and religious texts to denote relatives who have specific rights. Another related term is عَشِيرَة ('Ashīrah), which refers to a larger clan or tribe, implying a much wider circle of 'relatives' than 'Qarīb' usually suggests in a modern urban context.
Lastly, سَلِيل (Salīl) means 'descendant' or 'offspring,' focusing on the lineage moving forward, whereas 'Qarīb' focuses on the current horizontal and vertical connections in the family tree. Understanding these distinctions helps a learner choose the right word for the right level of formality and the specific type of relationship being described.
How Formal Is It?
""
""
难度评级
需要掌握的语法
按水平分级的例句
هَذَا قَرِيبِي.
This is my relative.
Uses the possessive suffix '-ī' for 'my'.
أَيْنَ قَرِيبُكَ؟
Where is your relative?
Uses the suffix '-uka' for 'your' (masculine).
لِي قَرِيبٌ فِي دُبَي.
I have a relative in Dubai.
The word 'li' indicates possession/relation.
هِيَ قَرِيبَتِي.
She is my relative.
Feminine form with 'tā' marbūṭa'.
قَرِيبِي طَالِبٌ.
My relative is a student.
Subject-predicate sentence.
هَلْ هَذَا قَرِيبُكِ؟
Is this your (fem.) relative?
Suffix '-uki' for 'your' (feminine).
قَرِيبِي يَسْكُنُ هُنَا.
My relative lives here.
Present tense verb following the noun.
أَنَا وَقَرِيبِي فِي المَدْرَسَةِ.
My relative and I are at school.
Compound subject.
زُرْتُ أَقْرِبَائِي فِي العِيدِ.
I visited my relatives during Eid.
Plural form 'Aqribā''.
عِنْدِي أَقْرِبَاءُ كَثِيرُونَ.
I have many relatives.
Plural agreement with the adjective 'kathīrūn'.
هَلْ تَعْرِفُ أَقْرِبَاءَ أَحْمَد؟
Do you know Ahmed's relatives?
Idafa construction (possessive phrase).
سَأُسَافِرُ مَعَ قَرِيبِي.
I will travel with my relative.
Future tense with 'sa-'.
كُلُّ أَقْرِبَائِي هُنَا.
All my relatives are here.
Use of 'Kull' (all).
هِيَ قَرِيبَةٌ بَعِيدَةٌ.
She is a distant relative.
Oxymoron-like phrase meaning 'distant relative'.
أَقْرِبَاؤُكَ لُطَفَاءُ جِدًّا.
Your relatives are very kind.
Plural subject with plural adjective.
أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَرَى أَقْرِبَائِي.
I want to see my relatives.
Subjunctive mood after 'an'.
يَجِبُ أَنْ نُسَاعِدَ أَقْرِبَاءَنَا.
We must help our relatives.
Modal verb 'yajibu' with subjunctive.
دَعَوْتُ أَقْرِبَائِي إِلَى حَفْلِ زَفَافِي.
I invited my relatives to my wedding.
Past tense verb with object.
لَيْسَ لِي أَقْرِبَاءُ فِي هَذِهِ المَدِينَةِ.
I don't have any relatives in this city.
Negation with 'laysa'.
قَرِيبِي يَعْمَلُ مُهَنْدِسًا.
My relative works as an engineer.
Job title in the accusative case.
تَحَدَّثْتُ مَعَ أَحَدِ أَقْرِبَائِي.
I spoke with one of my relatives.
Use of 'ahad' (one of).
أَقْرِبَائِي يَسْكُنُونَ فِي قَرْيَةٍ صَغِيرَةٍ.
My relatives live in a small village.
Plural verb agreement.
هَلْ تَتَوَاصَلُ مَعَ أَقْرِبَائِكَ بَاسْتِمْرَارٍ؟
Do you communicate with your relatives regularly?
Form VI verb 'tatawāsal'.
قَرِيبَتِي نَجَحَتْ فِي الاِمْتِحَانِ.
My (female) relative passed the exam.
Feminine past tense verb.
صِلَةُ الأَقْرِبَاءِ أَمْرٌ هَامٌّ فِي ثَقَافَتِنَا.
Maintaining ties with relatives is important in our culture.
Masdar (verbal noun) construction.
يُعْتَبَرُ خَالِي أَقْرَبَ قَرِيبٍ لِي.
My maternal uncle is considered my closest relative.
Passive verb 'yu'tabar' and superlative 'aqrab'.
اجْتَمَعَ الأَقْرِبَاءُ لِمُنَاقَشَةِ المِيرَاثِ.
The relatives gathered to discuss the inheritance.
Form VIII verb 'ijtama'a'.
لَدَيْهِ مَشَاكِلُ مَعَ بَعْضِ أَقْرِبَائِهِ.
He has problems with some of his relatives.
Prepositional phrase with 'ba'd'.
قَرِيبِي هَذَا يَمْلِكُ شَرِكَةً كَبِيرَةً.
This relative of mine owns a large company.
Demonstrative 'hādha' following the noun.
نَحْنُ أَقْرِبَاءُ مِنْ جِهَةِ الأُمِّ.
We are relatives from the mother's side.
Phrase 'min jihat' (from the side of).
كَانَ هُنَاكَ خِلَافٌ بَيْنَ الأَقْرِبَاءِ.
There was a dispute between the relatives.
Noun 'khilāf' (dispute).
أَحْتَرِمُ كُلَّ أَقْرِبَائِي رَغْمَ اخْتِلَافِ الآرَاءِ.
I respect all my relatives despite the difference in opinions.
Use of 'raghma' (despite).
الأَقْرَبُونَ أَوْلَى بِالمَعْرُوفِ كَمَا يُقَالُ.
Relatives are more deserving of kindness, as they say.
Classical proverb structure.
تُعَدُّ رَوَابِطُ الأَقْرِبَاءِ حَجَرَ الزَّاوِيَةِ فِي المُجْتَمَعِ.
Kinship ties are considered the cornerstone of society.
Metaphorical usage.
قَامَ بِتَوْزِيعِ ثَرْوَتِهِ عَلَى أَقْرِبَائِهِ المَحْتَاجِينَ.
He distributed his wealth among his needy relatives.
Active participle 'muhtājīn' as an adjective.
لَا يَنْبَغِي لِلإِنْسَانِ أَنْ يَقْطَعَ صِلَتَهُ بِأَقْرِبَائِهِ.
A person should not sever their ties with their relatives.
Formal negation 'lā yanbaghī'.
كَانَ لَهُ قَرِيبٌ ذُو نُفُوذٍ فِي الدَّوْلَةِ.
He had a relative with influence in the state.
Use of 'dhū' (possessor of).
يَسْعَى لِتَحْسِينِ العَلَاقَاتِ بَيْنَ أَقْرِبَاءِ الزَّوْجَيْنِ.
He seeks to improve relations between the relatives of the spouses.
Genitive dual 'al-zawjayn'.
تَفَاجَأْتُ بِوُجُودِ قَرِيبٍ لِي لَمْ أَكُنْ أَعْرِفُهُ.
I was surprised by the existence of a relative I didn't know.
Complex sentence with a relative clause.
تَتَجَلَّى قِيمَةُ الأَقْرِبَاءِ فِي الأَزَمَاتِ.
The value of relatives is manifested in crises.
Form V verb 'tatajallā'.
إِنَّ ذَوِي القُرْبَى لَهُمْ حَقٌّ مَعْلُومٌ فِي الشَّرِيعَةِ.
Indeed, kinfolk have a recognized right in Sharia.
Quranic phrasing 'dhawī al-qurbā'.
وَظُلْمُ ذَوِي القُرْبَى أَشَدُّ مَضَاضَةً عَلَى المَرْءِ مِنْ وَقْعِ الحُسَامِ المُهَنَّدِ.
The injustice of relatives is more painful to a man than the blow of a sharp sword.
Classical poetry (Tarafa ibn al-Abd).
تَتَشَابَكُ المَصَالِحُ بَيْنَ الأَقْرِبَاءِ فِي النُّظُمِ القَبَلِيَّةِ.
Interests intertwine among relatives in tribal systems.
Form VI verb 'tatashābak'.
يُعِيدُ البَاحِثُونَ قِرَاءَةَ دَوْرِ الأَقْرِبَاءِ فِي التَّحَوُّلَاتِ السِّيَاسِيَّةِ.
Researchers are re-reading the role of relatives in political transformations.
Academic register.
لَمْ يَكُنْ قَرِيباً فَحَسْبُ، بَلْ كَانَ صَفِيَّ رُوحِهِ.
He was not just a relative, but the pure friend of his soul.
Rhetorical structure 'lam yakun... fa-hasb'.
تَضْمَحِلُّ الفَوَارِقُ الطَّبَقِيَّةُ أَمَامَ نِدَاءِ الأَقْرِبَاءِ.
Class differences fade before the call of relatives.
Elevated vocabulary 'tadmahill'.
يُشَكِّلُ الأَقْرِبَاءُ نَسِيجاً اجْتِمَاعِيّاً مُتَمَاسِكاً.
Relatives form a cohesive social fabric.
Metaphorical 'nasīj' (fabric).
إِنَّ التَّفَانِيَ فِي خِدْمَةِ الأَقْرِبَاءِ مَنْقَبَةٌ تُحْمَدُ.
Dedication to serving relatives is a praiseworthy virtue.
Abstract noun 'manqabah'.
常见搭配
常用短语
الأَقْرَبُونَ أَوْلَى بِالمَعْرُوفِ
كُلُّ الأَقْرِبَاءِ
أَحَدُ الأَقْرِبَاءِ
بَيْنَ الأَقْرِبَاءِ
مِنْ جِهَةِ الأَقْرِبَاءِ
قَرِيبِي العَزِيز
أَقْرِبَاؤُنَا فِي الخَارِجِ
اجْتِمَاعُ الأَقْرِبَاءِ
مَشَاكِلُ الأَقْرِبَاءِ
دَعْوَةُ الأَقْرِبَاءِ
容易混淆的词
习语与表达
""
""
""
""
""
""
""
""
""
""
容易混淆
Means near or relative.
Means approximately.
Means stranger (the opposite).
Means ancient/deep-rooted.
Means observer/sergeant.
句型
如何使用
In modern cities, 'Qarīb' is used for anyone in the extended family.
In tribal areas, 'Qarīb' can include a very wide range of people.
- Using 'Qarībūn' instead of 'Aqribā'' for the plural.
- Forgetting the feminine 'tā marbūṭa' for a female relative.
- Confusing 'Qarīb' (relative) with 'Gharīb' (stranger).
- Using 'Qarīb min' when you mean 'my relative' (should be 'qarībī').
- Assuming it only means 'near' in distance.
小贴士
Plural Mastery
Practice the broken plural 'Aqribā'' as it is irregular and very common.
Family First
Remember that calling someone 'Qarībī' in Arab culture is a strong bond.
Context Matters
If the subject is a place, it means 'near'. If it's a person, it means 'relative'.
The Deep Q
Make sure the 'Q' sound comes from the back of your throat.
Possessives
Master adding suffixes like -ī, -uka, -uhu to 'Qarīb'.
Distant Kin
Use 'Qarīb min ba'īd' for that cousin you only see once a decade.
Suffixes
Train your ear to catch the 'ī' at the end of 'Qarībī'.
Introductions
Use 'Hādhā qarībī' when introducing family members to friends.
Nearness
Link the word to the English word 'Proximity' via the concept of 'closeness'.
Kindness
Remember the proverb about being kind to relatives first.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of 'near' (Qarīb). Your relatives are the people 'near' to you in life.
词源
Semitic root Q-R-B
文化背景
Financial support for a needy 'Qarīb' is considered a priority over general charity.
There are specific titles for different relatives (Khal, Amm, etc.), but 'Qarīb' covers them all generally.
Relatives are always welcomed with the highest level of hospitality.
在生活中练习
真实语境
对话开场白
"هَلْ لَدَيْكَ أَقْرِبَاءُ فِي هَذِهِ المَدِينَةِ؟"
"كَيْفَ حَالُ أَقْرِبَائِكَ؟"
"مَنْ هُوَ أَقْرَبُ قَرِيبٍ إِلَيْكَ؟"
"هَلْ تَزُورُ أَقْرِبَاءَكَ كَثِيراً؟"
"هَلْ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ قَرِيبُكَ؟"
日记主题
اكْتُبْ عَنْ قَرِيبٍ تُحِبُّهُ كَثِيراً.
صِفْ آخِرَ مَرَّةٍ اجْتَمَعْتَ فِيهَا مَعَ أَقْرِبَائِكَ.
مَا هِيَ أَهَمِّيَّةُ الأَقْرِبَاءِ فِي حَيَاتِكَ؟
هَلْ تُفَضِّلُ العَيْشَ قَرِيباً مِنْ أَقْرِبَائِكَ؟
اكْتُبْ رِسَالَةً إِلَى قَرِيبٍ لَمْ تَرَهُ مُنْذُ زَمَنٍ.
常见问题
10 个问题No, it can also include relatives by marriage, though 'Nasīb' is more specific for in-laws.
The most common plural is 'Aqribā'' (أقرباء).
Usually, you would say 'Sadiq qarīb' (a close friend), but 'Qarīb' alone usually implies family.
You say 'Qarīb min ba'īd' (قريب من بعيد).
Yes, 'Aqārib' is another plural form, often used in legal or collective contexts.
It is masculine (Qarīb), but you can make it feminine (Qarībah).
You say 'Aqribā'ī' (أقربائي).
Yes, it is used in almost all Arabic dialects with slight pronunciation changes.
The root is Q-R-B (ق-ر-ب), meaning nearness.
Yes, it is a very common A2-level word essential for daily life.
自我测试 180 个问题
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word 'Qarīb' beautifully illustrates the Arabic worldview where family members are seen as those who are 'close' to you, turning a spatial concept into a fundamental social bond.
- Qarīb means 'relative' or 'kin' in Arabic.
- It comes from the root Q-R-B, meaning 'nearness'.
- The plural form is 'Aqribā'', used for 'relatives'.
- It covers both blood relatives and in-laws.
Plural Mastery
Practice the broken plural 'Aqribā'' as it is irregular and very common.
Family First
Remember that calling someone 'Qarībī' in Arab culture is a strong bond.
Context Matters
If the subject is a place, it means 'near'. If it's a person, it means 'relative'.
The Deep Q
Make sure the 'Q' sound comes from the back of your throat.
例句
زارني قريب لي من القرية.
