B1 · 中级 章节 2

Influencing Others: Requests and Advice

7 总规则
72 例句
6 分钟
本章规则 快速练习

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of influencing others using the Spanish subjunctive for requests, advice, and suggestions.

  • Formulate polite requests using 'Quiero que' and 'Necesitar que'.
  • Give helpful advice with verbs like 'Aconsejar' and 'Sugerir'.
  • Apply the subjunctive mood to communicate your desires to others.
Influence, suggest, and connect with confidence!

你将学到什么

Get ready to supercharge your Spanish and learn how to truly connect with people! In this chapter, you'll discover the secret to making clear requests, giving helpful advice, and suggesting plans to others. Imagine you're at a Spanish cafe, and you want to politely ask the waiter for another coffee. Or maybe your friend asks for your opinion on a problem, and you want to recommend a solution. These are exactly the moments where the skills from this chapter will shine! You'll master essential phrases like 'Quiero que...' (I want you to...), 'Necesitar que...' (You need to...), and 'Pedir que...' (Ask that...) to express your desires and make things happen. Then, we'll dive into 'Aconsejar' (to advise) and 'Sugerir' (to suggest), so you can offer guidance and ideas with confidence. Don't let the word 'subjunctive' scare you – in this chapter, it becomes your best friend! You'll learn simple tricks to transform straightforward statements into polite requests or friendly suggestions using these powerful verb forms. By the end, you won't just be stating facts; you'll be actively influencing conversations, asking for what you need, and giving advice like a pro. Your Spanish will become a dynamic tool for interaction, making you a more effective and confident communicator.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use the subjunctive mood to request actions and offer advice in everyday social scenarios.

章节指南

Overview

Welcome to a pivotal chapter in your journey to B1 Spanish fluency! This guide is designed to help you master the art of influencing others in Spanish – a crucial skill for truly connecting and communicating effectively. At this CEFR B1 Spanish grammar level, you're moving beyond basic statements and into dynamic interaction.
Imagine being able to politely make requests in Spanish, offer insightful advice in Spanish, or confidently suggest plans in Spanish to friends, colleagues, or even strangers. This chapter unlocks that power!
We'll dive into essential structures that allow you to express your desires for others' actions, such as Quiero que... (I want you to...) and Necesitar que... (You need to...). You'll also learn how to frame questions and instructions politely with Pedir que... (Ask that...). Furthermore, we'll equip you with phrases like Aconsejar que... (to advise that...) and Sugerir que... (to suggest that...) so you can give guidance with finesse.
Don't be intimidated by the term subjunctive – we'll show you how this powerful mood becomes your best friend for expressing wishes, recommendations, and influence, transforming your Spanish from descriptive to truly interactive.

How This Grammar Works

At the heart of influencing others in Spanish lies the subjunctive mood. When you express a desire, a request, advice, or a suggestion for someone else to do something, you're not stating a fact; you're expressing your will, emotion, or opinion about a potential action. This is precisely when the subjunctive steps in.
Let's break down the key structures:
I Want You To... (Quiero que + Subjunctive) and Expressing Preferences for Others: This is your go-to for stating what you desire for another person to do.
* Quiero que estudies más. (I want you to study more.)
* Prefiero que vengas mañana. (I prefer that you come tomorrow.)
Asking others to do things (Necesitar que + Subjunctive): Use this when you need someone to perform an action. It implies a requirement or necessity.
* Necesito que me ayudes. (I need you to help me.)
* Necesitamos que llegues a tiempo. (We need you to arrive on time.)
Making Requests: Pedir Que (Ask to... + Subjunctive): This structure is for making a direct request for someone to do something.
* Te pido que cierres la puerta. (I ask you to close the door.)
* Nos pidió que fuéramos con él. (He asked us to go with him.)
Giving Advice in Spanish: I recommend that you... (Aconsejar que + Subjunctive): When you want to offer guidance or recommendations, this is the perfect phrase.
* Te aconsejo que hables con ella. (I advise you to talk to her.)
* Les aconsejamos que busquen otra opción. (We advise them to look for another option.)
Making Suggestions in Spanish: I suggest that... (Sugerir que + Subjunctive): Similar to *aconsejar*, but often a bit softer, for proposing ideas.
* Sugiero que vayamos al cine. (I suggest that we go to the cinema.)
* Ella sugiere que probemos el plato del día. (She suggests that we try the dish of the day.)
In all these cases, the main verb (e.g., querer, necesitar, pedir, aconsejar, sugerir) is in the indicative, but the verb describing the *action of the other person* is in the subjunctive mood. This is a fundamental concept for B1 Spanish grammar when expressing influence.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Quiero que tú estudias.
✓ Correct:
Quiero que estudies.
*Explanation:* After verbs of will or desire like querer que, the second verb (the action desired from someone else) must be in the subjunctive mood, not the indicative.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Te aconsejo ir al médico.
✓ Correct:
Te aconsejo que vayas al médico.
*Explanation:* While Te aconsejo ir... can sometimes be heard in informal speech, the grammatically correct and more common way to give advice for someone else's action is with aconsejar que + subjunctive.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Necesito que me ayude.
    (If talking to 'tú')
✓ Correct:
Necesito que me ayudes.
*Explanation:* Always ensure the subjunctive verb agrees in person and number with the subject of the action (the person being influenced). If you're addressing «tú,» the verb should reflect that.

Real Conversations

A

A

Hola, ¿qué tal? Necesito un favor. (Hi, how are you? I need a favor.)
B

B

Dime, ¿qué necesitas? (Tell me, what do you need?)
A

A

Necesito que me ayudes con mi tarea de español. (I need you to help me with my Spanish homework.)
B

B

Claro, te aconsejo que empecemos ahora mismo. (Of course, I advise you that we start right now.)
A

A

¿Qué hacemos este fin de semana? (What are we doing this weekend?)
B

B

Sugiero que vayamos a la playa si hace buen tiempo. (I suggest that we go to the beach if the weather is good.)
A

A

Me gusta esa idea. Quiero que invitemos a Ana también. (I like that idea. I want us to invite Ana too.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between using the indicative and subjunctive after verbs of influence?

The indicative states a fact, while the subjunctive expresses a wish, doubt, emotion, or influence regarding an action that hasn't happened yet or is not a certainty. For influencing others, the subjunctive is almost always used.

Q

Is pedir always followed by que and the subjunctive when making requests?

Yes, when you are asking *that someone do something*, you'll use pedir que + subjunctive. If you're just asking *for an object*, you'd use pedir without que (e.g., Pido un café. - I ask for a coffee).

Q

Can I use the infinitive instead of the subjunctive after verbs like aconsejar or sugerir?

While you might hear it informally (e.g., Te aconsejo estudiar), the grammatically correct and more formal way to advise or suggest an action for *another person* is to use que + subjunctive (e.g., Te aconsejo que estudies). Using the infinitive is more common when the advice applies to the *speaker* (e.g., Aconsejo estudiar más - *I* advise studying more).

Q

How do these structures relate to politeness in B1 Spanish?

Using the subjunctive with these verbs of influence often naturally softens the request or advice, making it sound more polite and less like a direct command. It acknowledges that the action is something desired or suggested, rather than an absolute fact.

Cultural Context

In Spanish-speaking cultures, politeness and indirectness can often be valued, especially when making requests or giving advice. Using the subjunctive with verbs like Quiero que, Aconsejar que, or Sugerir que is a standard and polite way to express your desires or guidance. While direct imperatives (commands) are common, framing your wishes through these subjunctive constructions often sounds more considerate and less demanding.
It's a key aspect of nuanced communication, allowing you to influence others effectively while maintaining good interpersonal relations. There are no significant regional differences in the grammatical application of these structures, though the frequency of their use might vary slightly with context and individual communication styles.

关键例句 (8)

1

Quiero que me llames cuando llegues a casa.

我希望你回家时给我打电话。

我想要你... (Quiero que + 虚拟式)
2

Espero que tengas mucha suerte en tu examen.

祝你考试好运！

我想要你... (Quiero que + 虚拟式)
3

Quiero que me sigas en Instagram.

我想让你在 Instagram 上关注我。

我想要你... (表达对他人的偏好)
4

Prefiero que nos veamos en el café.

我更想让我们在咖啡馆见面。

我想要你... (表达对他人的偏好)
5

Necesito que me ayudes con la mudanza.

我需要你帮我搬家。

要求他人做事 (Necesitar que)
6

Mi jefe necesita que termine el informe hoy.

我的老板需要我今天完成报告。

要求他人做事 (Necesitar que)
7

Te pido que me pases el link del video.

我请你把视频链接发给我。

进行请求：Pedir Que (请求...)
8

Le pido que me deje en la esquina, por favor.

请你把我送到街角。

进行请求：Pedir Que (请求...)

技巧与窍门 (4)

🎯

‘Yo’ 型小窍门

先想陈述式 Yo 的变位。比如 Hacer 是 Hago，去掉 o 加上相反元音就是虚拟式 Haga。这能帮你搞定绝大多数不规则动词！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 我想要你... (Quiero que + 虚拟式)
🎯

元音反转规则

记住“相反元音”：-AR 结尾变 'e'，-ER/-IR 结尾变 'a'。比如：
Espero que hables español.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 我想要你... (表达对他人的偏好)
🎯

元音反转小技巧

如果你忘了虚拟语气的动词词尾，试试“反转元音”这个小技巧。以“-AR”结尾的动词爱用“E”，而以“-ER”或“-IR”结尾的动词爱用“A”。对大部分规则动词都管用哦！比如：“hablar”变“hable”。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 要求他人做事 (Necesitar que)
💡

相反的词尾

记住小窍门：-AR动词在虚拟式里用-E结尾，-ER/-IR动词用-A结尾。就像它们互相戴了帽子！Pido que vengas.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 进行请求：Pedir Que (请求...)

核心词汇 (6)

Querer To want Necesitar To need Pedir To ask for Aconsejar To advise Sugerir To suggest Recomendar To recommend

Real-World Preview

coffee

Cafe Conversation

Review Summary

  • Subject 1 + Verb(indicative) + QUE + Subject 2 + Verb(subjunctive)

常见错误

After 'que', you must switch to the subjunctive mood.

Wrong: Quiero que tú comes.
正确: Quiero que tú comas.

Irregular verbs like 'ir' require special attention in the subjunctive.

Wrong: Sugiero que tú vas.
正确: Sugiero que tú vayas.

Advice verbs trigger the subjunctive.

Wrong: Aconsejo que tú estudias.
正确: Aconsejo que tú estudies.

本章规则 (7)

1

我想要你... (Quiero que + 虚拟式)

B1
虚拟式就像魔法，把生硬的事实变成充满温情的 «希望» 或 «愿望»。记住核心三要素：Querer 触发、que 做桥梁、Subjuntivo 变位。
Quiero que me llames cuando llegues a casa.
10 例句
2

我想要你... (表达对他人的偏好)

B1
当你的愿望涉及别人的行动时，请记住这个万能公式：[愿望动词] + que + [虚拟式动词]。
Quiero que me sigas en Instagram.
10 例句
3

要求他人做事 (Necesitar que)

B1
想要让别人帮忙做事？记住魔法组合：“necesitar que” + 第二个主语 + 虚拟语气动词，就这么简单！
Necesito que me ayudes con la mudanza.
12 例句
4

进行请求：Pedir Que (请求...)

B1
掌握 'pedir' + 'que' 再加上虚拟式动词，你就能像西班牙语母语者一样提请求了！
Te pido que me pases el link del video.
10 例句
5

用西班牙语给出建议：我建议你…… (Aconsejar)

B1
想优雅地提建议？记住这个万能公式：«代词» + aconsejar + que + «虚拟式动词»，瞬间变身西语达人！
Te aconsejo que estudies más para el examen.
10 例句
6

用西班牙语提建议：我建议…… (Sugerir)

B1
用 que 连接两个主语，再把动词切换到 subjuntivo 模式，你的建议就会听起来既地道又专业。
Yo sugiero que tú veas esta serie en Netflix.
10 例句
7

如何礼貌地提建议（虚拟式）

B1
掌握“结尾大反转”秘籍，把生硬的命令变成地道、自然的西班牙语建议。记住 Te sugiero que、que 和 «虚拟式结尾»。
Te sugiero que hables con tu jefe hoy.
10 例句

Next Steps

You've done an amazing job mastering these complex structures. Keep practicing, and you'll be influencing conversations like a native in no time!

Roleplay a restaurant order

Continue to: Expressing Feelings and Reactions

快速练习 (10)

在空格处填入动词的正确形式。

Yo quiero que tú ___ (hablar) con ella.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hables
因为主语发生了改变（我 -> 你）且有愿望动词 (Quiero)，所以需要使用虚拟式 'hables'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 我想要你... (Quiero que + 虚拟式)

找出并改正错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

Necesito que mi hermano me ayuda.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Necesito que mi hermano me ayude.
“Ayuda”是直陈式；对于“él”（mi hermano），它在虚拟语气中必须是“ayude”。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 要求他人做事 (Necesitar que)

哪个句子在语法上是正确的请求表达方式？

选择正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le pido que me ayude.
'Ayude' 是 'ayudar'（帮助）的正确虚拟式形式，对应主语 'usted'（由 'le' 暗示）。'Ayuda' 是现在陈述式，在这里是错误的。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 进行请求：Pedir Que (请求...)

在空格处填入正确的虚拟式形式。

Te aconsejo que ___ (hacer) ejercicio cada día.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hagas
在 'aconsejar que' 之后，我们需要 'hacer' 的现在虚拟式，针对 'tú' 的形式是 'hagas'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 用西班牙语给出建议：我建议你…… (Aconsejar)

哪句话是正确的？

选择语法正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Quiero que tú hables conmigo.
我们需要 que 桥梁和 'hablar' 的虚拟式形式 'hables'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 我想要你... (表达对他人的偏好)

哪个句子语法是正确的？

选择正确表达对他人的愿望：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Espero que tengas un buen viaje.
'Tener' 必须变位为虚拟式 'tengas'，因为 'Espero que' 表达了对他人的希望。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 我想要你... (Quiero que + 虚拟式)

找出并改正句子中的错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

Quiero que él come más verduras.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Quiero que él coma más verduras.
受 'Quiero que' 触发，动词 'comer' 应该变为虚拟式 'coma'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 我想要你... (Quiero que + 虚拟式)

用正确的虚拟语气形式填空。

Necesito que tú ______ (hablar) con ella.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hables
因为是“tú”，以“-ar”结尾的动词“hablar”用虚拟语气变成“-es”词尾。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 要求他人做事 (Necesitar que)

找出并改正句子中的错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

Mis amigos me piden que yo voy a la fiesta.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mis amigos me piden que yo vaya a la fiesta.
动词 'ir'（去）在虚拟式中是不规则的。正确的 'yo' 形式是 'vaya'，而不是 'voy'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 进行请求：Pedir Que (请求...)

在空格处填入正确的虚拟式形式。

Quiero que tú ____ (comer) más verduras.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: comas
因为它是 -er 动词且主语是 'tú'，所以虚拟式结尾是 -as。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 我想要你... (表达对他人的偏好)

Score: /10

常见问题 (6)

它的名字源于“附加”，因为它通常不能独立存在，需要像 Quiero que... 这样的引导词。例如：Quiero que vengas.
如果是你自己做动作就行，比如 Quiero comer (我想吃)。但如果想让别人做，就必须加 que，如 Quiero que comas.
不，它是一种“语气”。时态关乎时间，而语气关乎说话人对动作的态度，比如 Espero que vengas 表达的是愿望而非事实。
西语结构不允许代词后直接接原形动词。你需要 que 桥梁和变位动词：Quiero que vayas。
这是英语的直译。西班牙语语法要求用连接词“que”和一个变位后的动词（例如“ayudes”），因为行动是由不同的主语完成的。比如：“Necesito que tú me ayudes。”
它是一种动词“语态”，用来表达非事实性的内容，比如愿望、怀疑或需求。当你需要别人做某事时，这还不是事实，所以我们使用虚拟语气。例如：“Necesito que vengas。”
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Introduction to Wishes and Hopes
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