A1 · 入门 章节 6

Asking Questions

5 总规则
53 例句
6 分钟
本章规则 快速练习

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of curiosity and gather information effortlessly using Persian's intuitive question words and structures.

  • Identify people and things using 'Ki' and 'Chi'.
  • Inquire about time, place, and quantity with 'Key', 'Kojā', and 'Chand'.
  • Offer choices and select options using 'Kodām' and the connector 'yā'.
Unlock the world around you by simply asking why.

你将学到什么

Hey there! Ready to dive into one of the most essential skills in Persian? Asking questions! Don't worry, it's easier than you think and super useful. In this chapter, you'll learn how to ask anything on your mind using magic words like Ki (Who), Chi (What), Kojā (Where), Key (When), Chand? (How many/much?), and Kodām? (Which?). You'll see exactly how to place these words in a sentence without messing up the natural flow (remember, the verb always comes at the end!). For example, you don't need to move the question word to the front; just swap out the noun you're asking about with Ki or Chi, and you're good to go! Imagine you're at the bazaar and want to ask,

How many is this?
or
Which one do you want?
Or when you're making new friends, you'll want to know, "What's your name? or Where do you live?
Even for making plans, you can ask,
When should we go?" We'll teach you how to use Chand? to inquire about quantity or price (and remember, always follow it with a singular noun). You'll also master Kodām? for making choices between options. Plus, there's a cool little word: «yā» (or)! With «yā,» you can offer choices, like This or that? By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to confidently ask about people, things, places, times, and quantities, gathering all the information you need. Nothing will slip past you now! Ready? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to ask for someone's identity or the name of an object.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to schedule meetings and find locations using time and place interrogatives.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to shop and compare items using quantity and choice markers.

章节指南

Overview

Welcome, language adventurers, to a truly essential chapter in your journey to mastering Persian grammar A1! Asking questions is the key to unlocking conversations, understanding the world around you, and connecting with native speakers. Think about it: how often do you ask "What's this? or Where is...?" in your daily life?
This guide will equip you with the fundamental tools to do just that in Persian, making your interactions richer and more meaningful right from the start. We're focusing on core interrogative words that are perfect for A1 Persian learners.
You'll quickly discover that asking questions in Persian is far more intuitive than in many other languages. There's no complex sentence restructuring or auxiliary verbs to worry about. Instead, you'll learn to use magic words like Ki (Who), Chi (What), Kojā (Where), Key (When), Chand? (How many/much?), and Kodām? (Which?) by simply slotting them into your sentences where the answer would normally be.
This natural placement, combined with the consistent Persian sentence structure where the verb always comes at the end, makes question formation surprisingly straightforward.
By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to confidently inquire about people, objects, locations, times, quantities, and choices. Whether you're navigating a bazaar, making new friends, or simply exploring, these question words are your best allies. Get ready to transform from a passive listener to an active participant in Persian conversations!

How This Grammar Works

The beauty of asking questions in Persian, especially at the A1 Persian level, lies in its simplicity. Generally, you replace the piece of information you want to know with the appropriate question word, and the sentence structure remains largely the same, with the verb at the end.
Let's break down the Persian question words:
* Ki (Who): Used for people.
* In ki ast? (This who is? / Who is this?)
* U ki ast? (He/She who is? / Who is he/she?)
* Chi (What): Used for things or concepts.
* In chi ast? (This what is? / What is this?)
* Shomā chi mikhāhid? (You what want? / What do you want?)
For asking about places and times:
* Kojā (Where):
* Ketāb kojā ast? (Book where is? / Where is the book?)
* Shomā kojā hastid? (You where are? / Where are you?)
* Key (When):
* Mehmāni key ast? (Party when is? / When is the party?)
* Shomā key miāyid? (You when come? / When will you come?)
To inquire about quantity or price, we use Chand? (How many/much?):
A crucial Persian grammar point here is that Chand? is *always* followed by a singular noun, even if the English translation implies plurality.
* Chand ketāb? (How many book? / How many books?)
* In chand ast? (This how much is? / How much is this?) – Used for price.
When you need to make a choice, Kodām? (Which?) comes in handy:
* Kodām ketāb? (Which book? / Which book?)
* Kodām rang rā dust dārid? (Which color (object marker) like you have? / Which color do you like?)
Finally, the conjunction yā (or) allows you to present options in your questions:
* Chāy yā ghahve? (Tea or coffee?)
* In yā ān? (This or that?)
Remember, the verb usually stays at the end of the sentence, making these Persian question words easy to integrate.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: Chi in ast? (What this is?)
✓ Correct: In chi ast? (This what is? / What is this?)
*Explanation:* In Persian, the question word generally replaces the noun or phrase you're asking about, keeping the natural sentence flow. You don't usually move the question word to the very beginning of the sentence as you might in English. The verb still goes at the end.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: Chand ketābhā? (How many books?)
✓ Correct: Chand ketāb? (How many book? / How many books?)
*Explanation:* When using Chand? to ask how many?, the noun that follows it must always be in its singular form in Persian. The plurality is understood from the question word itself.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: In ast yā ān? (This is or that?)
✓ Correct: In yā ān ast? (This or that is? / Is it this or that?)
*Explanation:* The conjunction yā (or) connects the two choices. The verb ast (is) correctly comes after the combined phrase, maintaining the verb-at-the-end rule for the entire question.

Real Conversations

A

A

In ki ast? (Who is this?)
B

B

In Ali ast. (This is Ali.)
A

A

Shomā kojā hastid? (Where are you?)
B

B

Man dar bāzār hastam. (I am at the bazaar.)
A

A

In chand ast? (How much is this?)
B

B

Panj toman ast. (It is five tomans.)
A

A

Kodām rang rā dust dārid, ābi yā sabz? (Which color do you like, blue or green?)
B

B

Man ābi rā dust dāram. (I like blue.)

Quick FAQ

Q

Do I always put the Persian question word at the end of the sentence?

Not necessarily at the very end, but usually where the *answer* to the question would naturally sit within the sentence structure, often *before* the verb which remains at the end.

Q

Is there a difference between asking how much for price versus quantity in Persian?

For price, you typically use In chand ast? (How much is this?). For quantity, you use Chand followed by the singular noun, like Chand ketāb? (How many books?).

Q

Can I just use intonation to ask a question without a question word?

Yes, in simple yes/no questions, rising intonation can indicate a question (e.g., Shomā Irāni hastid? - You are Iranian?). However, for specific information, you'll need the appropriate question word.

Q

Are these A1 Persian question words used in both formal and informal contexts?

Yes, Ki, Chi, Kojā, Key, Chand, Kodām, and yā are fundamental and used across both formal and informal speech. Politeness, however, might involve using formal you (shomā) or other polite phrases.

Cultural Context

In Persian culture, even with direct questions using these A1 Persian question words, politeness (known as taarof) is often appreciated, though not strictly required for these basic inquiries. These simple questions are the building blocks of initial interactions and are used universally. There are no significant regional differences in the usage of these core interrogative words; they are understood and used consistently across all Persian-speaking regions.
Mastering them is a crucial step towards engaging respectfully and effectively in everyday conversations.

关键例句 (6)

1

کجا هستی؟

你在哪里？

在波斯语中询问“哪里”和“何时”：kojā 和 key
2

پیک کِی می‌رسد؟

快递员什么时候到？

在波斯语中询问“哪里”和“何时”：kojā 和 key
3

In chand ast?

这个多少钱？

如何在波斯语中询问“多少/多少钱” (chand?)
4

In chande?

这个多少钱？

如何在波斯语中询问“多少/多少钱” (chand?)
5

Kodām ketāb rā mikhānid?

你在读哪本书？

哪一个？ (kodām?) — 在波斯语中进行选择
6

Kodum film ro bebinim?

我们看哪部电影？

哪一个？ (kodām?) — 在波斯语中进行选择

技巧与窍门 (4)

⚠️

视觉小陷阱

看到书写的 «کی» 别慌。它可能是 Ki（谁），也可能是 Key（什么时候）。你得读完整个句子才能确定！比如 Ki amad?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 波斯语疑问词：谁 (Ki) 和 什么 (Chi)
💬

短信缩写秘籍

伊朗年轻人发短信很少写完整的 «کجا هستی؟» (你在哪？)，他们直接写 «کجایی؟»。这样听起来更地道！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 在波斯语中询问“哪里”和“何时”：kojā 和 key
⚠️

永远用单数！

在 «چند» 后面千万不要加复数标记。要说 «چند تا سیب»，绝对不能说 «چند تا سیب‌ها»。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 如何在波斯语中询问“多少/多少钱” (chand?)
⚠️

Ezafe 陷阱

永远不要说“kodām-e”。和形容词不同，“kodām”直接连接名词。记住是“کدام کتاب”，而不是“کدامِ کتاب”。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 哪一个？ (kodām?) — 在波斯语中进行选择

核心词汇 (8)

کی(ki) who چی(chi) what کجا(kojā) where کی(key) when چند(chand) how many / how much کدام(kodām) which یا(yā) or قیمت(gheymat) price

Real-World Preview

shopping-bag

At the Grand Bazaar

Review Summary

  • [Subject] + کی/چی (ki/chi) + [Verb]?
  • [Subject] + کجا/کی (kojā/key) + [Verb]?
  • چند (chand) + [Singular Noun] + [Verb]?
  • کدام (kodām) + [Noun] + [Verb]?
  • [Option A] + یا (yā) + [Option B]?

常见错误

After 'Chand' (How many), the noun must always be singular, even if you are asking about many items.

Wrong: چند کتاب‌ها؟ (chand ketāb-hā?)
正确: چند کتاب؟ (chand ketāb?)

While 'key' can sometimes start a sentence, it is more natural to keep the subject first and the question word before the verb.

Wrong: کی تو می‌آیی؟ (key to mi-āyi?)
正确: تو کی می‌آیی؟ (to key mi-āyi?)

The question word 'Kodām' must come directly before the noun it is describing.

Wrong: کدام است کتاب؟ (kodām ast ketāb?)
正确: کدام کتاب است؟ (kodām ketāb ast?)

Next Steps

You're doing amazing! Asking questions is the key to unlocking the Persian language. Keep being curious!

Walk around your room and ask 'In chie?' (What is this?) for every object.

Write 5 questions you would ask a shopkeeper in Tehran.

Continue to: Prepositions and Connectors

快速练习 (10)

找出并修正语法错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

کجا شما هستید؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: شما کجا هستید؟
疑问词 'کجا' 应该紧跟在动词前面，而不是放在句首。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 在波斯语中询问“哪里”和“何时”：kojā 和 key

哪句话正确询问了“课是什么时候？”

选择语法正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کلاس کِی است؟
标准语序是：主语 (کلاس) + 疑问词 (کِی) + 动词 (است)。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 在波斯语中询问“哪里”和“何时”：kojā 和 key

填空询问“几个苹果？”

___ tâ sib?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: chand
chand 用于询问像苹果这样可数物品的数量。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 如何在波斯语中询问“多少/多少钱” (chand?)

用非正式的“哪个”填空。

___ ماشین مال توئه؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کدوم
“Kodum”是“kodām”（哪个）的非正式版本，用在名词“māshin”（车）之前。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 哪一个？ (kodām?) — 在波斯语中进行选择

找出这句话中的错误。

To ki mikhari? (你买什么？)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: To chi mikhari?
原句用了 'Ki'（谁），但想问的是‘买什么’（Chi）。你买的是东西，不是人！

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 波斯语疑问词：谁 (Ki) 和 什么 (Chi)

哪句话表达“多少钱？”最正确？

选择最佳口语短语：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: In chande?
In chande? 是询问价格的标准非正式方式。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 如何在波斯语中询问“多少/多少钱” (chand?)

找出并改正句子中的错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

کدوم فیلم‌ها رو دوست داری؟ (Correction for asking about a single choice)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کدوم فیلم رو دوست داری؟
即使是从许多选项中选择，跟在“kodum”后面的名词通常是单数：“kodum film”。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 哪一个？ (kodām?) — 在波斯语中进行选择

在空格处填入正确的疑问词。

تو ___ می‌روی؟ (你要去哪里？)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کجا
询问地点要用 'کجا' (kojā)，并放在动词 'می‌روی' 之前。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 在波斯语中询问“哪里”和“何时”：kojā 和 key

在空格处填入正确的疑问词（谁/什么）。

___ amad? (谁来了？)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ki
我们在询问一个人（谁），所以使用 'Ki'。'Chi' 是用来问物体的。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 波斯语疑问词：谁 (Ki) 和 什么 (Chi)

哪句话在波斯语口语中表示“这是什么”？

选择地道的口语形式：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: In chiye?
'In chiye' 是 'In che ast' 的标准口语缩写。'In kiye' 的意思是‘这是谁？’

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 波斯语疑问词：谁 (Ki) 和 什么 (Chi)

Score: /10

常见问题 (6)

它们写起来一样 (کی)，但读音不同。Ki（像 key）是‘谁’，Key（像 okay）是‘什么时候’。
不行，那很不礼貌，就像把人当成东西。指人请用 Ki，指物用 Chi。
不需要！波斯语提问很简单，直接把疑问词放进去，动词留在句尾即可，比如 «کجا میری؟»。
语法上是不正确的，听起来也很别扭。请保持把 kojā 和 key 放在动词前。
是的！在普通句子中如 «چند تا کتاب دارم»，它的意思是“我有几本书”。语境会告诉你它是问题还是陈述。
«tâ» 是一个量词。在波斯语口语中几乎总是加上它，听起来更顺滑，就像说“几个单位”一样。
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