A1 · 초급 챕터 6

Asking Questions

5 총 규칙
53 예문
6 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of curiosity and gather information effortlessly using Persian's intuitive question words and structures.

  • Identify people and things using 'Ki' and 'Chi'.
  • Inquire about time, place, and quantity with 'Key', 'Kojā', and 'Chand'.
  • Offer choices and select options using 'Kodām' and the connector 'yā'.
Unlock the world around you by simply asking why.

배울 내용

Hey there! Ready to dive into one of the most essential skills in Persian? Asking questions! Don't worry, it's easier than you think and super useful. In this chapter, you'll learn how to ask anything on your mind using magic words like Ki (Who), Chi (What), Kojā (Where), Key (When), Chand? (How many/much?), and Kodām? (Which?). You'll see exactly how to place these words in a sentence without messing up the natural flow (remember, the verb always comes at the end!). For example, you don't need to move the question word to the front; just swap out the noun you're asking about with Ki or Chi, and you're good to go! Imagine you're at the bazaar and want to ask,

How many is this?
or
Which one do you want?
Or when you're making new friends, you'll want to know, "What's your name? or Where do you live?
Even for making plans, you can ask,
When should we go?" We'll teach you how to use Chand? to inquire about quantity or price (and remember, always follow it with a singular noun). You'll also master Kodām? for making choices between options. Plus, there's a cool little word: «yā» (or)! With «yā,» you can offer choices, like This or that? By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to confidently ask about people, things, places, times, and quantities, gathering all the information you need. Nothing will slip past you now! Ready? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to ask for someone's identity or the name of an object.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to schedule meetings and find locations using time and place interrogatives.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to shop and compare items using quantity and choice markers.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome, language adventurers, to a truly essential chapter in your journey to mastering Persian grammar A1! Asking questions is the key to unlocking conversations, understanding the world around you, and connecting with native speakers. Think about it: how often do you ask "What's this? or Where is...?" in your daily life?
This guide will equip you with the fundamental tools to do just that in Persian, making your interactions richer and more meaningful right from the start. We're focusing on core interrogative words that are perfect for A1 Persian learners.
You'll quickly discover that asking questions in Persian is far more intuitive than in many other languages. There's no complex sentence restructuring or auxiliary verbs to worry about. Instead, you'll learn to use magic words like Ki (Who), Chi (What), Kojā (Where), Key (When), Chand? (How many/much?), and Kodām? (Which?) by simply slotting them into your sentences where the answer would normally be.
This natural placement, combined with the consistent Persian sentence structure where the verb always comes at the end, makes question formation surprisingly straightforward.
By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to confidently inquire about people, objects, locations, times, quantities, and choices. Whether you're navigating a bazaar, making new friends, or simply exploring, these question words are your best allies. Get ready to transform from a passive listener to an active participant in Persian conversations!

How This Grammar Works

The beauty of asking questions in Persian, especially at the A1 Persian level, lies in its simplicity. Generally, you replace the piece of information you want to know with the appropriate question word, and the sentence structure remains largely the same, with the verb at the end.
Let's break down the Persian question words:
* Ki (Who): Used for people.
* In ki ast? (This who is? / Who is this?)
* U ki ast? (He/She who is? / Who is he/she?)
* Chi (What): Used for things or concepts.
* In chi ast? (This what is? / What is this?)
* Shomā chi mikhāhid? (You what want? / What do you want?)
For asking about places and times:
* Kojā (Where):
* Ketāb kojā ast? (Book where is? / Where is the book?)
* Shomā kojā hastid? (You where are? / Where are you?)
* Key (When):
* Mehmāni key ast? (Party when is? / When is the party?)
* Shomā key miāyid? (You when come? / When will you come?)
To inquire about quantity or price, we use Chand? (How many/much?):
A crucial Persian grammar point here is that Chand? is *always* followed by a singular noun, even if the English translation implies plurality.
* Chand ketāb? (How many book? / How many books?)
* In chand ast? (This how much is? / How much is this?) – Used for price.
When you need to make a choice, Kodām? (Which?) comes in handy:
* Kodām ketāb? (Which book? / Which book?)
* Kodām rang rā dust dārid? (Which color (object marker) like you have? / Which color do you like?)
Finally, the conjunction yā (or) allows you to present options in your questions:
* Chāy yā ghahve? (Tea or coffee?)
* In yā ān? (This or that?)
Remember, the verb usually stays at the end of the sentence, making these Persian question words easy to integrate.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: Chi in ast? (What this is?)
✓ Correct: In chi ast? (This what is? / What is this?)
*Explanation:* In Persian, the question word generally replaces the noun or phrase you're asking about, keeping the natural sentence flow. You don't usually move the question word to the very beginning of the sentence as you might in English. The verb still goes at the end.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: Chand ketābhā? (How many books?)
✓ Correct: Chand ketāb? (How many book? / How many books?)
*Explanation:* When using Chand? to ask how many?, the noun that follows it must always be in its singular form in Persian. The plurality is understood from the question word itself.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: In ast yā ān? (This is or that?)
✓ Correct: In yā ān ast? (This or that is? / Is it this or that?)
*Explanation:* The conjunction yā (or) connects the two choices. The verb ast (is) correctly comes after the combined phrase, maintaining the verb-at-the-end rule for the entire question.

Real Conversations

A

A

In ki ast? (Who is this?)
B

B

In Ali ast. (This is Ali.)
A

A

Shomā kojā hastid? (Where are you?)
B

B

Man dar bāzār hastam. (I am at the bazaar.)
A

A

In chand ast? (How much is this?)
B

B

Panj toman ast. (It is five tomans.)
A

A

Kodām rang rā dust dārid, ābi yā sabz? (Which color do you like, blue or green?)
B

B

Man ābi rā dust dāram. (I like blue.)

Quick FAQ

Q

Do I always put the Persian question word at the end of the sentence?

Not necessarily at the very end, but usually where the *answer* to the question would naturally sit within the sentence structure, often *before* the verb which remains at the end.

Q

Is there a difference between asking how much for price versus quantity in Persian?

For price, you typically use In chand ast? (How much is this?). For quantity, you use Chand followed by the singular noun, like Chand ketāb? (How many books?).

Q

Can I just use intonation to ask a question without a question word?

Yes, in simple yes/no questions, rising intonation can indicate a question (e.g., Shomā Irāni hastid? - You are Iranian?). However, for specific information, you'll need the appropriate question word.

Q

Are these A1 Persian question words used in both formal and informal contexts?

Yes, Ki, Chi, Kojā, Key, Chand, Kodām, and yā are fundamental and used across both formal and informal speech. Politeness, however, might involve using formal you (shomā) or other polite phrases.

Cultural Context

In Persian culture, even with direct questions using these A1 Persian question words, politeness (known as taarof) is often appreciated, though not strictly required for these basic inquiries. These simple questions are the building blocks of initial interactions and are used universally. There are no significant regional differences in the usage of these core interrogative words; they are understood and used consistently across all Persian-speaking regions.
Mastering them is a crucial step towards engaging respectfully and effectively in everyday conversations.

주요 예문 (4)

1

کجا هستی؟

어디에 있어요?

페르시아어로 '어디'와 '언제' 묻기: kojā와 key
2

پیک کِی می‌رسد؟

배달원이 언제 도착하나요?

페르시아어로 '어디'와 '언제' 묻기: kojā와 key
3

Kodām ketāb rā mikhānid?

어떤 책을 읽고 계신가요?

어느 것? (kodām?) — 페르시아어로 선택하기
4

Kodum film ro bebinim?

우리 어떤 영화 볼까?

어느 것? (kodām?) — 페르시아어로 선택하기

팁과 요령 (4)

⚠️

똑같이 생긴 글자 함정

글로 써진 'کی'를 봐도 당황하지 마세요. 'Ki'(누구)일 수도 있고 'Key'(언제)일 수도 있답니다! Ki umad emruz? 처럼 문맥을 보고 맞춰보세요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 페르시아어 의문사: 누구 (Ki) & 무엇 (Chi)
💬

채팅 줄임말 꿀팁

이란 친구들은 문자로 «کجا هستی؟»라고 길게 쓰지 않아요. 훨씬 빠르고 자연스러운 «کجایی؟»를 사용해 보세요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 페르시아어로 '어디'와 '언제' 묻기: kojā와 key
⚠️

무조건 단수형만!

chand 뒤에는 절대 복수형 표시를 붙이지 마세요. chand tâ sibhâ가 아니라 꼭 chand tâ sib이라고 말해야 해요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 페르시아어로 '몇 개/얼마' 묻기 (chand?)
⚠️

에자페(Ezafe) 함정

절대 'kodām-e'라고 하지 마세요! 형용사와 달리 'kodām'은 명사와 바로 연결돼요. «کدام صندلی؟»가 맞고 «کدامِ صندلی»는 틀려요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 어느 것? (kodām?) — 페르시아어로 선택하기

핵심 어휘 (8)

کی(ki) who چی(chi) what کجا(kojā) where کی(key) when چند(chand) how many / how much کدام(kodām) which یا(yā) or قیمت(gheymat) price

Real-World Preview

shopping-bag

At the Grand Bazaar

Review Summary

  • [Subject] + کی/چی (ki/chi) + [Verb]?
  • [Subject] + کجا/کی (kojā/key) + [Verb]?
  • چند (chand) + [Singular Noun] + [Verb]?
  • کدام (kodām) + [Noun] + [Verb]?
  • [Option A] + یا (yā) + [Option B]?

자주 하는 실수

After 'Chand' (How many), the noun must always be singular, even if you are asking about many items.

Wrong: چند کتاب‌ها؟ (chand ketāb-hā?)
정답: چند کتاب؟ (chand ketāb?)

While 'key' can sometimes start a sentence, it is more natural to keep the subject first and the question word before the verb.

Wrong: کی تو می‌آیی؟ (key to mi-āyi?)
정답: تو کی می‌آیی؟ (to key mi-āyi?)

The question word 'Kodām' must come directly before the noun it is describing.

Wrong: کدام است کتاب؟ (kodām ast ketāb?)
정답: کدام کتاب است؟ (kodām ketāb ast?)

Next Steps

You're doing amazing! Asking questions is the key to unlocking the Persian language. Keep being curious!

Walk around your room and ask 'In chie?' (What is this?) for every object.

Write 5 questions you would ask a shopkeeper in Tehran.

Continue to: Prepositions and Connectors

빠른 연습 (6)

'어느 것'을 뜻하는 비격식 단어로 빈칸을 채우세요.

___ ماشین مال توئه؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کدوم
'Kodum'은 명사 'māshin'(차) 앞에서 '어느'를 뜻하는 비격식 표현이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 어느 것? (kodām?) — 페르시아어로 선택하기

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

کدوم فیلم‌ها رو دوست داری؟ (단일 선택을 묻는 질문으로 수정)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کدوم فیلم رو دوست داری؟
여러 개 중 하나를 고를 때도 'kodum' 뒤에는 보통 단수 명사인 'film'을 써요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 어느 것? (kodām?) — 페르시아어로 선택하기

'수업이 언제예요?'라는 올바른 문장을 고르세요.

문법적으로 올바른 문장은 무엇일까요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کلاس کِی است؟
표준 어순은 [주어(کلاس) + 의문사(کِی) + 동사(است)]입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 페르시아어로 '어디'와 '언제' 묻기: kojā와 key

문법적 오류를 찾아 올바르게 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

کجا شما هستید؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: شما کجا هستید؟
의문사 'کجا'는 문장 맨 앞이 아니라 동사 바로 앞에 와야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 페르시아어로 '어디'와 '언제' 묻기: kojā와 key

빈칸에 알맞은 의문사를 넣어 질문을 완성해 보세요.

تو ___ می‌روی؟ (너 어디 가니?)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کجا
'어디'를 물어볼 때는 'کجا' (kojā)를 사용해요. 동사 'می‌روی' 바로 앞에 위치합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 페르시아어로 '어디'와 '언제' 묻기: kojā와 key

문법적으로 올바른 문장은 무엇인가요?

'어느 도시?'를 올바르게 묻는 방법은:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کدام شهر؟
'Kodām' 뒤에 명사가 올 때는 에자페(-e) 소리를 넣지 않아요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 어느 것? (kodām?) — 페르시아어로 선택하기

Score: /6

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

글씨는 'کی'로 똑같지만 소리가 달라요. 'Ki'는 누구, 'Key'는 언제라는 뜻입니다. Ki umad emruz? (오늘 누구 왔어?)
절대 안 돼요! 무례하게 들릴 수 있어요. 사물에는 Chi, 사람에게는 Ki를 꼭 써주세요. In fard kiye? (이 사람은 누구야?)
아니요! 페르시아어는 조동사 없이 문장 끝에 일반 동사만 쓰면 돼요: «کجا میری؟»
문법적으로 틀린 건 아니지만 아주 어색하게 들려요. «کجا»와 «کِی»는 동사 바로 앞에 두는 게 제일 좋아요.
네! 평서문에서
chand tâ ketâb dâram
이라고 하면 «나 책 몇 권 있어»라는 뜻이 된답니다.
«tâ»는 개수를 세는 단위예요. 대화할 때는 훨씬 리듬감이 생겨서 chand tâ라고 붙여 말하는 게 자연스러워요.
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