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اسهال داشتن

B1 verb #4,000 最常用 9分钟阅读

اسهال داشتن

Q: Is there a slang word for it?

Yes, 'آببندی نبودن' is a slangy, somewhat rude way to refer to it.

eshal dashtan 前4,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 اسهال داشتن 30秒了解

解析 اسهال داشتن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'اسهال' (es-hāl) means diarrhea and 'دارم' (dāram) means 'I have'. If you are sick in Iran, you can say 'من اسهال دارم' (Man es-hāl dāram) to tell a doctor or a friend what is wrong. It is a simple 'Noun + Verb' structure. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet. Just remember the sound 'es-hāl'. It sounds a bit like 'easy' in the beginning, which is a good way to remember it! You might also want to know 'دارو' (dāru) which means medicine. So, 'دارو برای اسهال' (medicine for diarrhea) is a very useful phrase for a beginner at a pharmacy.

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At the A2 level, you can start combining 'اسهال داشتن' with reasons or simple time phrases. For example, 'بعد از غذا اسهال داشتم' (I had diarrhea after the meal). You should be able to conjugate the verb for other people, like 'بچه‌ام اسهال دارد' (My child has diarrhea). You can also use simple adjectives like 'شدید' (shadid - severe) or 'کمی' (kami - a little). At this level, you are expected to handle a basic conversation at a pharmacy or clinic using this word. You should also recognize the word in simple health signs or instructions.

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At the B1 level, which is the level of this word, you should understand the nuance of using 'اسهال داشتن' in different contexts. You can describe the duration using 'است که' (e.g., 'سه روز است که اسهال دارم'). You should also be familiar with related symptoms like 'دل‌پیچه' (cramps) and 'تهوع' (nausea). You can understand advice given by a doctor, such as 'مایعات بنوشید' (drink fluids). You should also know the polite phrase 'گلاب به روتون' to use before mentioning the word in a social setting. You can explain your symptoms more clearly, such as 'اسهال و استفراغ' (diarrhea and vomiting), which is a common pair.

At the B2 level, you can use the term in more complex sentences and understand medical advice or news reports. You should be able to discuss causes, such as 'آلودگی آب' (water pollution) or 'ویروس' (virus). You can use the passive form 'دچارِ اسهال شدن' (to be afflicted with diarrhea) in more formal writing. You should also be able to distinguish between 'اسهال مزمن' (chronic diarrhea) and 'اسهال حاد' (acute diarrhea). Your vocabulary should include the names of common remedies and you should be able to read a short medical article about gastrointestinal health in a Persian magazine.

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At the C1 level, you should have a sophisticated understanding of the word, including its etymology and its place in medical terminology. You can use it in professional medical discussions or academic contexts. You should be familiar with more obscure synonyms and understand the historical context of how digestive health was discussed in classical Persian medicine (like the works of Avicenna). You can write a detailed report on a health outbreak or translate medical documents involving gastrointestinal symptoms with high accuracy, maintaining the appropriate formal register.

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At the C2 level, you have native-like mastery. You can understand subtle puns, literary references, or very old medical texts that use the root of this word. you can navigate any medical situation in a Persian-speaking country with complete ease, understanding the most technical explanations from a specialist. You can also appreciate the cultural nuances of how this topic is handled in different Persian-speaking regions (like Tajikistan or Afghanistan) and how the terminology might vary slightly. You can speak about the physiological process in great detail using high-level biological Persian vocabulary.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

اسهال داشتن 30秒了解

A common Persian compound verb for having diarrhea.
Used in medical and daily contexts to describe stomach illness.
Conjugates with the verb 'dāshtan' (to have).
Essential for travelers and students to communicate health issues.

The Persian term اسهال داشتن (es-hāl dāshtan) is a compound verb used to describe the medical condition of having diarrhea. In its literal breakdown, 'اسهال' (es-hāl) is a noun of Arabic origin meaning diarrhea, and 'داشتن' (dāshtan) is the standard Persian verb for 'to have'. Together, they form the most common way to express this physical ailment in both formal and informal settings. Understanding this term is crucial for anyone traveling to or living in a Persian-speaking environment, as digestive issues are a common topic when discussing health, food safety, or medical concerns. In Iranian culture, while bowel movements are generally a private matter, discussing symptoms with family members or medical professionals is done directly, though often preceded by polite disclaimers.

Medical Context: This term is used by doctors and patients alike to diagnose gastrointestinal distress. It covers everything from mild upset stomachs to severe infections.
Daily Conversation: Used when explaining why one cannot attend an event or why a child is staying home from school. It is a neutral, non-slang term.

ببخشید، من امروز نمی‌توانم به مهمانی بیایم چون شدیداً اسهال دارم.

The word 'es-hāl' itself comes from the Arabic root 's-h-l', which relates to things being easy, smooth, or flowing. In a medical sense, it refers to the 'easy' or 'too fluid' passage of waste. In Persian, you will find this word in pharmacy signs, on medicine labels (like anti-diarrheal medication), and in health brochures. When using it, Iranians often pair it with 'شدید' (shadid - severe) or 'خفیف' (khafif - mild) to specify the intensity. It is important to note that while the word is direct, using it in polite company usually requires a small apology for the 'unclean' nature of the topic, such as saying 'گلاب به روتون' (golāb be rutun), which literally means 'rosewater to your face', a phrase used to buffer the mention of something unpleasant.

کودک از دیشب تا حالا اسهال دارد و باید به پزشک مراجعه کنیم.

Register: Standard/Neutral. It is appropriate for all age groups and social settings.

Beyond the physical symptom, the term doesn't have many metaphorical uses in modern Persian, unlike some English terms for the same condition. It remains strictly within the realm of health and biology. However, its importance cannot be overstated for travelers. Food poisoning (masmumiyat-e ghazayi) is often accompanied by this symptom, making 'es-hāl dāshtan' a vital phrase for survival and seeking help. Whether it's caused by drinking unboiled water or eating unwashed fruit, being able to communicate this clearly ensures you get the right treatment, such as 'ORS' (Oral Rehydration Salts), which are widely available in Iranian pharmacies.

آیا این دارو برای کسی که اسهال دارد مناسب است؟

Using اسهال داشتن in a sentence follows the standard conjugation patterns of the verb 'داشتن' (to have). Since it is a compound verb, only the 'داشتن' part changes to reflect the person, number, and tense. In the present tense, you use the stem 'دار' (dār), and in the past tense, you use 'داشت' (dāsht). Because it describes a state of being or a condition, it is often used in the present continuous or simple present to describe an ongoing illness.

Present Tense: I have diarrhea: من اسهال دارم (Man es-hāl dāram). You have diarrhea: تو اسهال داری (To es-hāl dāri).

او سه روز است که اسهال دارد و خیلی ضعیف شده است.

When you want to describe the duration of the condition, you typically place the time duration at the beginning of the sentence. For example, 'دو روز است که اسهال دارم' (It is two days that I have diarrhea). To ask a question, you simply change the intonation or use the word 'آیا' (āyā) at the start. For example, 'آیا شما اسهال دارید؟' (Do you have diarrhea?). In a medical setting, you might also hear the passive or descriptive form 'دچار اسهال شدن' (to become afflicted with diarrhea), but 'اسهال داشتن' remains the most common way for a patient to describe their own state.

اگر اسهال دارید، باید مایعات زیادی بنوشید.

Past Tense: I had diarrhea: من اسهال داشتم (Man es-hāl dāshtam). We had diarrhea: ما اسهال داشتیم (Mā es-hāl dāshtim).

Adding adverbs can change the nuance. 'کمی اسهال داشتن' (to have a little diarrhea) sounds less concerning than 'اسهال خونی داشتن' (to have bloody diarrhea), which is a medical emergency. Note that in Persian, we do not usually use articles like 'a' or 'the' with 'es-hāl'. It is treated as an uncountable state. You 'have diarrhea', not 'have a diarrhea'. Also, when speaking to children, parents might use the word 'شکم‌روش' (shekam-ravash), but 'اسهال' is perfectly fine and understood by everyone.

خواهرم بعد از خوردن آن غذا اسهال داشت.

You will encounter the phrase اسهال داشتن in several key environments. The most obvious is the **Doctor's Office (matab)** or **Hospital (bimārestān)**. When a nurse or doctor asks about your symptoms, they will use this word. It is the standard clinical term. In a **Pharmacy (dārukhāne)**, if you are looking for medication, you would tell the pharmacist 'اسهال دارم' so they can recommend an anti-diarrheal like Loperamide or a probiotic. You will also see it on the packaging of pediatric rehydration solutions.

At the Pharmacy: 'ببخشید، برای بچه‌ای که اسهال دارد چه دارویی دارید؟' (Excuse me, what medicine do you have for a child who has diarrhea?)

دکتر پرسید: «آیا حالت تهوع یا اسهال دارید؟»

Another common place is in **Schools or Daycares**. Teachers often report to parents if a child 'es-hāl dārad' during the day. In **Travel Settings**, tourists often discuss this among themselves or with guides, especially when dealing with 'Traveler's Diarrhea' (اسهال مسافرتی). Because Iranian food can sometimes be heavy or include ingredients a foreigner isn't used to, this phrase becomes a staple of the traveler's vocabulary. You might also hear it in **Health News** or on **Radio/TV Health Programs** where experts discuss seasonal viruses (like 'virus-e jadid' or the new virus) that cause gastrointestinal symptoms.

در اخبار گفتند که بسیاری از مردم شهر به دلیل آلودگی آب اسهال دارند.

In **Domestic Life**, mothers and grandmothers are the primary users of this word, often discussing the health of the family. They might use it while preparing 'Katte Māst' (rice with yogurt), a traditional Iranian dish given to those suffering from diarrhea. Listening for this word in a home context often leads to advice about what to eat (like yogurt and mint) and what to avoid (like oily foods or fresh fruit). Understanding this word helps you navigate these social-medical interactions with ease and shows that you have a practical grasp of the language.

In the News: Reports on outbreaks of cholera or rotavirus will frequently use 'اسهال حاد' (acute diarrhea).

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing اسهال داشتن with similar-sounding or related health terms. For example, some confuse it with 'استفراغ کردن' (estefrāgh kardan), which means to vomit. While both are symptoms of food poisoning, they are very different actions. Another common error is using the wrong auxiliary verb. Since 'es-hāl' is a condition you 'have', you must use 'داشتن'. Using 'کردن' (to do/make) with 'es-hāl' is incorrect and sounds very unnatural to native speakers.

Wrong Verb: Incorrect: من اسهال می‌کنم (Man es-hāl mikonam). Correct: من اسهال دارم (Man es-hāl dāram).

اشتباه: او اسهال است. (Wrong: He is diarrhea.) درست: او اسهال دارد. (Right: He has diarrhea.)

Another mistake is the pronunciation of the 'h'. In some languages, the 'h' might be silent, but in Persian, the 'h' in 'es-hāl' should be audible, though not overly harsh. Failing to pronounce it clearly might make the word sound like 'es-āl', which could be confused with other sounds. Additionally, learners often forget the polite social conventions. In English, you might just say 'I have diarrhea' to a friend. In Persian, even with friends, it's better to be slightly more discreet or use a softener like 'حالم خوب نیست' (I don't feel well) first before getting into the specifics of 'اسهال داشتن'.

Grammatically, learners sometimes try to use 'es-hāl' as an adjective. You cannot say 'من اسهال هستم' (I am diarrhea). You must possess the condition. This is a common pattern for many Persian illnesses: 'سردرد دارم' (I have a headache), 'سرماخوردگی دارم' (I have a cold). Lastly, be careful with the plural. We don't say 'اسهال‌ها دارم'. Even if the symptom persists over many days, the word remains singular. Understanding these subtle grammatical rules will make your Persian sound much more authentic and professional.

Confusion with Vomiting: Many students say 'اسهال' when they mean 'استفراغ'. Remember: es-hāl is the bottom, estefrāgh is the top!

While اسهال داشتن is the most common and direct term, there are several alternatives depending on the register and the specific symptoms. For a more polite or slightly more clinical-sounding term, you might hear **شکم‌روش** (shekam-ravash). This literally translates to 'stomach going' or 'stomach movement'. It's often used by older generations or in more formal medical writing to avoid the bluntness of 'اسهال'.

اسهال vs. شکم‌روش: 'اسهال' is the direct medical term. 'شکم‌روش' is a slightly softer, more descriptive alternative often used in households.

پدربزرگم همیشه به جای اسهال، از کلمه شکم‌روش استفاده می‌کند.

Another related term is **دل‌پیچه** (del-piche), which means 'stomach cramps' or 'abdominal twisting'. Diarrhea is almost always accompanied by 'del-piche'. In many cases, a person might say 'دل‌پیچه دارم' (I have cramps) to imply they have digestive issues without being as graphic as saying 'اسهال دارم'. In a very formal or archaic medical context, you might encounter **تسیهل** (tas-hil) or **ذرب** (zarab), but these are not used in modern daily speech. For children, you might hear **پی‌پی روان** (pipi-ye ravān), which is a childish way of saying 'runny poop'.

Antonym: The opposite of 'اسهال داشتن' is 'یبوست داشتن' (yobusat dāshtan), which means to have constipation.

If the condition is very severe, doctors might use the term **دیسانتری** (disāntari - dysentery) or **اسهال خونی** (es-hāl-e khuni - bloody diarrhea). On the other hand, if it's just a loose stool, one might say 'شکمم شل کار می‌کند' (shekamam shol kār mikonad), which is a very common and polite idiom meaning 'my stomach is working loosely'. This is perhaps the most common 'polite' way to describe the situation to a doctor or a close friend without using the word 'اسهال' directly. Learning these variations allows you to adjust your speech based on who you are talking to and how much detail you want to provide.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The same root gives us the word 'Sahl' (easy) and 'Sohulat' (ease). So, medically, diarrhea is seen as a state where the bowels are 'too easy' or 'too loose'.

发音指南

UK /es.hɒːl dɒːʃ.tæn/

US /es.hɑːl dɑːʃ.tæn/

In 'es-hāl', the stress is on the second syllable 'hāl'. In 'dāshtan', the stress is on the first syllable 'dāsh'.

押韵词

مثال (mesāl - example) کمال (kamāl - perfection) جمال (jamāl - beauty) شمال (shomāl - north) خیال (khiyāl - imagination) محال (mahāl - impossible) سال (sāl - year) بال (bāl - wing)

常见错误

Pronouncing it as 'es-āl' (dropping the h).
Pronouncing 'es' like 'is'. It should be a short 'e' like in 'egg'.
Stress on the wrong syllable in 'dāshtan'.
Confusing the 'ā' sound with a short 'a' sound.
Making the 'h' too raspy like a 'kh'.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

The word is easy to recognize once the script is learned.

写作 4/5

Remembering the 'h' (ه) and 'ā' (ا) placement is key.

口语 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward but requires the 'h' sound.

听力 3/5

Can be confused with 'es-āl' if spoken quickly.

接下来学什么

前置知识

داشتن شکم مریض درد غذا

接下来学习

استفراغ یبوست داروخانه نسخه بیمارستان

高级

گوارش روده عفونت ویروس باکتری

需要掌握的语法

Compound Verbs with 'Dāshtan'

In 'es-hāl dāshtan', only 'dāshtan' conjugates.

Present Tense of 'Dāshtan'

Use 'dāram', 'dāri', etc. No 'mi-' prefix for possession/state.

Ezafe Construction

اسهالِ شدید (es-hāl-e shadid) uses the ezafe to link noun and adjective.

Negative Formation

Add 'na-' to the beginning: 'اسهال ندارم'.

Duration with 'Ast Ke'

یک هفته است که اسهال دارم.

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按水平分级的例句

من اسهال دارم.

I have diarrhea.

Simple present tense: Noun + Verb (1st person singular).

آیا تو اسهال داری؟

Do you have diarrhea?

Question form using intonation.

او اسهال دارد.

He/she has diarrhea.

Third person singular conjugation of 'dāshtan'.

بچه اسهال دارد.

The child has diarrhea.

Subject (bache) + Noun + Verb.

ما اسهال داریم.

We have diarrhea.

First person plural conjugation.

آنها اسهال دارند.

They have diarrhea.

Third person plural conjugation.

من اسهال ندارم.

I don't have diarrhea.

Negative form using 'na-' prefix on the verb.

شما اسهال دارید؟

Do you (formal) have diarrhea?

Formal second person plural.

من اسهال شدید دارم.

I have severe diarrhea.

Adding an adjective (shadid) to describe the noun.

او دیروز اسهال داشت.

He had diarrhea yesterday.

Past tense conjugation of 'dāshtan'.

من کمی اسهال دارم.

I have a little diarrhea.

Using 'kami' as an adverbial phrase.

آیا برای اسهال دارو دارید؟

Do you have medicine for diarrhea?

Preposition 'barāye' (for).

بچه‌ام خیلی اسهال دارد.

My child has a lot of diarrhea.

Using 'kheyli' for emphasis.

من بعد از ناهار اسهال داشتم.

I had diarrhea after lunch.

Using 'ba'd az' (after).

چرا اسهال داری؟

Why do you have diarrhea?

Question word 'cherā' (why).

او به خاطر میوه اسهال دارد.

He has diarrhea because of the fruit.

Using 'be khāter-e' (because of).

سه روز است که اسهال دارم.

I have had diarrhea for three days.

Using the 'duration + ast ke' structure for ongoing actions.

دکتر گفت که اسهال دارم.

The doctor said that I have diarrhea.

Reported speech using 'ke'.

اگر اسهال دارید، نباید لبنیات بخورید.

If you have diarrhea, you shouldn't eat dairy.

Conditional sentence using 'agar' (if).

او هم اسهال دارد و هم دل‌پیچه.

He has both diarrhea and stomach cramps.

Using 'ham... ham...' (both... and...).

فکر کنم به خاطر آب آلوده اسهال دارم.

I think I have diarrhea because of contaminated water.

Using 'fekr konam' (I think).

وقتی اسهال داشتم، خیلی آب خوردم.

When I had diarrhea, I drank a lot of water.

Using 'vaghti' (when) for past time clauses.

ببخشید، گلاب به روتون، اسهال دارم.

Sorry, excuse my language, I have diarrhea.

Using the cultural softener 'golāb be rutun'.

آیا اسهال خونی هم دارید؟

Do you also have bloody diarrhea?

Compound noun 'es-hāl-e khuni'.

او به دلیل مسمومیت غذایی دچار اسهال شده است.

He has developed diarrhea due to food poisoning.

Using 'dochār-e ... shodan' for becoming afflicted.

اسهال مزمن می‌تواند نشانه یک بیماری جدی باشد.

Chronic diarrhea can be a sign of a serious illness.

Using 'tavānestan' (can) for possibility.

بسیاری از مسافران در این منطقه اسهال می‌گیرند.

Many travelers get diarrhea in this region.

Using 'es-hāl gereftan' as a synonym for getting diarrhea.

برای درمان اسهال، مصرف محلول او.آر.اس ضروری است.

For treating diarrhea, consuming ORS solution is essential.

Using 'darman' (treatment) and 'zaruri' (essential).

اگر اسهال بیش از ۴۸ ساعت طول کشید، به پزشک مراجعه کنید.

If diarrhea lasted more than 48 hours, consult a doctor.

Using 'tul keshidan' (to last/take time).

این دارو باعث کاهش دفعات اسهال می‌شود.

This medicine causes a reduction in the frequency of diarrhea.

Using 'bā'es-e ... shodan' (to cause).

بیمار علاوه بر اسهال، از کم‌آبی بدن نیز رنج می‌برد.

The patient, in addition to diarrhea, also suffers from dehydration.

Using 'alāve bar' (in addition to) and 'ranj bordan' (to suffer).

اسهال ویروسی معمولاً خود‌به‌خود بهبود می‌یابد.

Viral diarrhea usually improves on its own.

Using 'khod-be-khod' (on its own/automatically).

شیوع اسهال حاد در مناطق زلزله‌زده نگران‌کننده است.

The outbreak of acute diarrhea in earthquake-stricken areas is worrying.

Formal vocabulary: 'shiou' (outbreak), 'negārān-konande' (worrying).

مکانیسم فیزیولوژیک اسهال شامل ترشح بیش از حد مایعات در روده است.

The physiological mechanism of diarrhea involves excessive secretion of fluids in the intestine.

Academic register with technical terms like 'tershoh' (secretion).

تشخیص افتراقی برای اسهال مزمن بسیار گسترده است.

The differential diagnosis for chronic diarrhea is very broad.

Medical term 'tashkhis-e efterāghi' (differential diagnosis).

عدم رعایت بهداشت فردی منجر به گسترش اسهال عفونی می‌شود.

Failure to observe personal hygiene leads to the spread of infectious diarrhea.

Using 'monjar be ... shodan' (to lead to).

مطالعات اخیر نشان می‌دهد که پروبیوتیک‌ها در کنترل اسهال مؤثرند.

Recent studies show that probiotics are effective in controlling diarrhea.

Using 'mo'asser' (effective) and 'motāle'āt' (studies).

بیمار با شکایت از اسهال مداوم و کاهش وزن مراجعه کرد.

The patient presented with complaints of persistent diarrhea and weight loss.

Medical reporting style: 'shekāyat az' (complaining of).

پیشگیری از اسهال در کودکان از طریق واکسیناسیون امکان‌پذیر است.

Prevention of diarrhea in children is possible through vaccination.

Using 'pishgiri' (prevention) and 'emkān-pazir' (possible).

عوارض جانبی این آنتی‌بیوتیک شامل اسهال و دردهای شکمی است.

Side effects of this antibiotic include diarrhea and abdominal pains.

Using 'avārez-e jānebi' (side effects).

در متون طب سنتی، اسهال به عنوان راهی برای دفع اخلاط فاسد تلقی می‌شد.

In traditional medicine texts, diarrhea was considered a way to expel corrupt humors.

Historical/Academic register: 'akhlat-e fāsed' (corrupt humors).

پیامدهای اپیدمیولوژیک اسهال در کشورهای در حال توسعه بسیار عمیق است.

The epidemiological consequences of diarrhea in developing countries are very profound.

High-level social science/medical vocabulary.

رویکرد چندوجهی برای مدیریت بحران اسهال در اردوگاه‌های پناهندگان الزامی است.

A multi-faceted approach to managing the diarrhea crisis in refugee camps is mandatory.

Using 'ruykard-e chand-vajhi' (multi-faceted approach).

تغییرات اقلیمی ممکن است بر الگوی فصلی اسهال تأثیر بگذارد.

Climate change may affect the seasonal pattern of diarrhea.

Scientific hypothesis structure.

مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی در عوامل باکتریایی مولد اسهال رو به افزایش است.

Antibiotic resistance in bacterial agents producing diarrhea is on the rise.

Technical phrase 'moqāvemat-e āntibiotiki' (antibiotic resistance).

ارزیابی دقیق وضعیت هیدراتاسیون در بیماران مبتلا به اسهال حیاتی است.

Accurate assessment of hydration status in patients suffering from diarrhea is vital.

Formal medical noun 'hidrātāsion' (hydration).

تأثیرات روان‌شناختی اسهال مزمن بر کیفیت زندگی بیماران نباید نادیده گرفته شود.

The psychological effects of chronic diarrhea on patients' quality of life should not be ignored.

Using 'nādide gerefte shodan' (to be ignored).

سیاست‌های کلان بهداشت عمومی باید بر کاهش مرگ‌ومیر ناشی از اسهال تمرکز کنند.

Macro public health policies must focus on reducing mortality caused by diarrhea.

Using 'marg-o-mir-e nāshi az' (mortality resulting from).

常见搭配

اسهال شدید

اسهال خونی

اسهال و استفراغ

داروی اسهال

اسهال مسافرتی

اسهال مزمن

اسهال حاد

درمان اسهال

پیشگیری از اسهال

علت اسهال

常用短语

اسهال دارم.

— I have diarrhea. Simple declaration of symptoms.

ببخشید، من امروز اسهال دارم.

اسهال شدید گرفتم.

— I've caught/got severe diarrhea. Focuses on the onset.

دیشب اسهال شدید گرفتم.

بچه اسهال شده.

— The child has developed diarrhea. Common parental phrase.

بچه اسهال شده، چه کار کنم؟

برای اسهال چی خوبه؟

— What is good for diarrhea? Asking for remedies.

مادر، برای اسهال چی خوبه؟

اسهالم بند نمیاد.

— My diarrhea won't stop. Expressing persistence.

دو روزه که اسهالم بند نمیاد.

دچار اسهال شدن

— To become afflicted with diarrhea. Formal version.

او دچار اسهال ویروسی شده است.

اسهال خونی داشتن

— To have bloody diarrhea. Serious medical symptom.

اگر اسهال خونی دارید، فوراً به بیمارستان بروید.

اسهال و دل‌پیچه

— Diarrhea and cramps. Describing the full experience.

اسهال و دل‌پیچه امانم را بریده است.

جلوگیری از اسهال

— Preventing diarrhea. Used in health advice.

برای جلوگیری از اسهال، آب را بجوشانید.

علائم اسهال

— Symptoms of diarrhea. Used in medical contexts.

علائم اسهال در نوزادان متفاوت است.

容易混淆的词

اسهال داشتن vs استفراغ

This is vomiting. Don't mix up the two ends of the digestive tract!

اسهال داشتن vs یبوست

This is constipation. It is the exact opposite of diarrhea.

اسهال داشتن vs سهل

This means 'easy'. While related by root, you wouldn't say you 'have easy' for diarrhea.

习语与表达

"شکمش مثل ساعت کار می‌کند"

— His stomach works like a clock. Usually means regular, but can sarcastically refer to diarrhea.

از وقتی دارو خورده، شکمش مثل ساعت کار می‌کند.

Informal

"گلاب به روتون"

— Rosewater to your face. Used before mentioning 'dirty' topics like diarrhea.

گلاب به روتون، من کمی اسهال دارم.

Polite/Common

"شکمش شل شده"

— His stomach has become loose. A very common way to say someone has diarrhea.

بچه انگار شکمش شل شده.

Informal

"روده کوچک روده بزرگ را می‌خورد"

— The small intestine is eating the large intestine. Used for extreme hunger, often confused by learners with digestive issues.

از گرسنگی روده کوچکم روده بزرگم را می‌خورد.

Informal

"دل‌پیچه گرفتن"

— To get stomach twists. Often used as a euphemism for the onset of diarrhea.

بعد از میوه خوردن دل‌پیچه گرفتم.

Common

"آب‌بندی نبودن"

— Not being waterproofed. Slang for having diarrhea or being unable to control bowels.

طرف انگار آب‌بندی نیست!

Slang/Rude

"شکمش بند آمده"

— His stomach is blocked. The idiom for being constipated (the opposite).

طفلی بچه‌ام شکمش بند آمده.

Informal

"پس دادن"

— To give back. Slang for a baby's diaper leaking due to diarrhea.

پوشک بچه پس داده.

Informal

"مزاجش به هم خورده"

— His temperament/bowel habit is disturbed. A polite medical way to say digestive issues.

احتمالاً مزاجش به هم خورده است.

Formal/Polite

"روده در رفتن"

— Intestine slipping out. A very exaggerated way to describe severe diarrhea.

از بس اسهال داشت، روده‌اش در رفت!

Slang/Exaggeration

容易混淆

اسهال داشتن vs اسهال

Sounds like 'es-āl'.

There is a 'h' sound. 'Es-hāl' is the correct spelling and pronunciation.

اسهال بیماری سختی است.

اسهال داشتن vs اشغال

Sounds similar to a beginner.

Eshghāl means 'occupation' or 'garbage'. Very different meaning!

این اتاق در اشغال ماست.

اسهال داشتن vs استهلال

Similar looking in script.

Estehlāl means 'sighting the moon'.

استهلال ماه رمضان.

اسهال داشتن vs احوال

Ends in 'āl'.

Ahvāl means 'states' or 'condition' (as in how are you).

احوال شما چطور است؟

اسهال داشتن vs امثال

Ends in 'āl'.

Amthāl means 'proverbs' or 'likes'.

امثال و حکم.

句型

[Subject] اسهال دارم/داری/دارد.

من اسهال دارم.

[Subject] [Adverb] اسهال دارم.

او خیلی اسهال دارد.

[Time] است که اسهال دارم.

دو روز است که اسهال دارم.

اگر اسهال دارید، [Instruction].

اگر اسهال دارید، آب بنوشید.

[Subject] دچار اسهال شده است.

بیمار دچار اسهال شده است.

اسهال ناشی از [Cause].

اسهال ناشی از مسمومیت.

شکایت از اسهال [Adjective].

شکایت از اسهال مداوم.

پیامدهای [Adjective] اسهال.

پیامدهای اپیدمیولوژیک اسهال.

词族

名词

اسهال (diarrhea)

مُسهِل (laxative)

动词

اسهال داشتن (to have diarrhea)

اسهال گرفتن (to get diarrhea)

تسهیل کردن (to facilitate - same root)

形容词

اسهالی (diarrheal/informal for someone having it)

مُسهِل (laxative/purgative)

如何使用

frequency

Common

常见错误

من اسهال هستم. → من اسهال دارم.
In Persian, you 'have' diarrhea, you are not 'being' diarrhea.
او اسهال کرد. → او اسهال داشت.
Using 'kardan' (to do) is incorrect with this noun.
Dropping the 'h' in pronunciation. → Pronouncing 'es-hāl' with a clear 'h'.
The 'h' is essential for the word to be recognized correctly.
Using 'es-hāl' for vomiting. → Using 'estefrāgh' for vomiting.
These are two different symptoms; don't confuse them.
Saying 'es-hāl' in formal dinner without a softener. → Using 'Golāb be rutun' or avoiding the word.
It is considered impolite to mention it bluntly while people are eating.

小贴士

Verb Choice

Always use 'dāshtan' (to have). Using 'kardan' is a common mistake for English speakers.

The Nabāt Remedy

If someone tells you they have 'es-hāl', suggesting 'Nabāt-dāgh' shows you understand Iranian culture.

Softening the Blow

Start with 'Golāb be rutun' if you are talking about diarrhea in a social setting.

Pharmacy Tip

Learn 'zedd-e es-hāl' (anti-diarrheal) to find medicine quickly.

Audible 'H'

Make sure the 'h' in 'es-hāl' is heard, or it might sound like other words.

Water Safety

To avoid saying 'es-hāl dāram', always drink 'āb-e madani' (mineral water).

Tense Usage

Use the present tense even if it started in the past, provided it's still happening.

Discretion

With a boss, just say 'moshkel-e govāreshi' (digestive problem) instead of 'es-hāl'.

Emergency

If you hear 'es-hāl-e khuni', it means bloody diarrhea. Go to the ER.

Visual Link

Link 'es-hāl' to 'Hallway'. You are spending a lot of time in the hallway to the bathroom.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine an 'S' shaped 'Hall' (es-hāl) that is very slippery. If you have diarrhea, everything goes through the 'S-Hall' too easily.

视觉联想

Picture a person running to a bathroom door that has a sign saying 'S-HALL' on it.

Word Web

اسهال (Diarrhea) داشتن (To have) شکم (Stomach) دارو (Medicine) دکتر (Doctor) آب (Water) مسمومیت (Poisoning) توالت (Toilet)

挑战

Try to explain to a pharmacist that you have had diarrhea for two days and need a medicine that is not too strong.

词源

The word 'اسهال' (es-hāl) is borrowed from Arabic. It is the verbal noun (Masdar) of the IV form of the root 'س-ه-ل' (s-h-l).

原始含义： The root 's-h-l' means 'to be easy, smooth, or plain'. Form IV 'is-hāl' literally means 'making something easy' or 'loosening'.

Semitic (Arabic) root integrated into Indo-European (Persian) grammar.

文化背景

Always use 'Golāb be rutun' before saying the word in a formal or mixed-gender social setting to show good manners (Adab).

English speakers might find the term 'diarrhea' more taboo than Iranians do in a medical setting, but Iranians use more euphemisms in social settings.

Avicenna's 'Canon of Medicine' discusses 'es-hāl' in detail. Modern Iranian health campaigns use the term for cholera prevention. Commonly mentioned in 'Khāne-vade' (Family) magazines.

在生活中练习

真实语境

At the Doctor

آقای دکتر، من اسهال دارم.
اسهالم خونی نیست.
چند روز است که اسهال دارم؟
آیا این اسهال ویروسی است؟

At the Pharmacy

یک قرص برای اسهال می‌خواهم.
آیا این شربت برای اسهال خوب است؟
پودر او.آر.اس دارید؟
داروی ضد اسهال قوی دارید؟

With Family

بچه اسهال دارد، به او کته‌ماست بده.
گلاب به روتون، حالم خوب نیست، اسهال دارم.
نبات‌داغ برای اسهال عالی است.
مواظب باش اسهال نگیری.

Travel

آب اینجا باعث اسهال می‌شود؟
من اسهال مسافرتی گرفتم.
کجا می‌توانم داروی اسهال پیدا کنم؟
غذای تند باعث اسهال من می‌شود.

Work/School

امروز مرخصی می‌گیرم چون اسهال دارم.
پسرم به دلیل اسهال به مدرسه نمی‌آید.
در شرکت همه اسهال گرفته‌اند.
ببخشید که دیر آمدم، مشکل گوارشی داشتم.

对话开场白

"ببخشید، شما دارویی برای اسهال می‌شناسید؟"

"آیا تا به حال در سفر دچار اسهال شده‌اید؟"

"فکر می‌کنید علت اصلی اسهال در تابستان چیست؟"

"برای درمان خانگی اسهال چه پیشنهادی دارید؟"

"اگر کسی اسهال داشته باشد، چه غذاهایی باید بخورد؟"

日记主题

درباره زمانی بنویسید که در سفر مریض شدید و اسهال داشتید.

تفاوت درمان‌های سنتی و مدرن برای اسهال در کشور شما چیست؟

چگونه به یک دوست که اسهال دارد پیشنهاد کمک می‌دهید؟

اهمیت بهداشت آب در جلوگیری از اسهال را توضیح دهید.

یک مکالمه خیالی بین بیمار و داروساز درباره اسهال بنویسید.

常见问题

10 个问题

You can use the phrase 'گلاب به روتون، اسهال دارم' or the more euphemistic 'شکمم شل کار می‌کند'.

Yes, it is used for any living creature with bowels. For example, 'سگم اسهال دارد'.

Iranians usually recommend 'Katte Māst' (rice with yogurt) and 'Nabāt-dāgh' (hot rock candy tea).

No, that is grammatically incorrect. You must use 'dāshtan' (to have) or 'gereftan' (to get).

Say 'ببخشید، قرص برای اسهال دارید؟' (Excuse me, do you have pills for diarrhea?)

It is neutral. It's the standard word used in hospitals, but it's also used at home.

It means bloody diarrhea, which is a serious symptom requiring immediate medical attention.

Yes, 'آب‌بندی نبودن' is a slangy, somewhat rude way to refer to it.

You simply use the past tense of 'dāshtan'.

Like many countries, 'Traveler's Diarrhea' can happen. It's best to drink bottled water.

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