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با وجود

A2 preposition #1,500 最常用 10分钟阅读

با وجود

ba vojud-e 前1,500

At the A1 level, learners are primarily focused on basic vocabulary and simple sentence structures. While 'با وجود' (despite) is technically an A2 concept because it introduces complex sentences and contrast, A1 learners will inevitably encounter it in everyday conversations and basic texts. At this stage, the goal is not necessarily to produce the phrase perfectly, but to recognize it as a signal word. When an A1 learner hears 'با وجود', they should understand that the speaker is about to present a contrast or an unexpected outcome. For example, if they know the words for 'rain' (باران) and 'going' (رفتن), hearing 'با وجود باران رفتیم' helps them piece together the meaning: 'Despite the rain, we went.' Teachers at this level might introduce it as a set phrase paired with common weather conditions or simple states of being, such as 'با وجود سرما' (despite the cold) or 'با وجود خستگی' (despite tiredness). The focus is purely on the prepositional use with a single noun, avoiding the more complex 'با وجود اینکه' (despite the fact that) which requires clause construction. By familiarizing themselves with the sound and basic function of 'با وجود', A1 learners lay the groundwork for more advanced syntax in the subsequent levels. It acts as a bridge, showing them that sentences can be more than just linear statements of fact, introducing the concept of concession in a very digestible, noun-based format.

The A2 level is where 'با وجود' truly becomes an active part of a learner's toolkit. At this stage, learners are expected to form compound and complex sentences, moving beyond simple descriptions. 'با وجود' is the perfect tool for this. A2 learners must master the core structure: 'با وجود' + [Noun] + [Main Clause]. They should be able to comfortably generate sentences like 'با وجود ترافیک، به موقع رسیدم' (Despite the traffic, I arrived on time) or 'با وجود گرانی، مردم خرید می‌کنند' (Despite the high prices, people are shopping). This requires a solid grasp of common nouns related to daily life, obstacles, and weather. Furthermore, A2 learners need to understand the punctuation associated with it, specifically the use of a comma to separate the concessive phrase from the main clause in written Persian. This level also introduces the concept of avoiding redundancy; learners must be explicitly taught not to use 'اما' (but) in the main clause when the sentence already begins with 'با وجود'. The mastery of 'با وجود' at the A2 level significantly enhances a learner's ability to tell stories, describe experiences, and express opinions with nuance, showing that they can acknowledge difficulties while highlighting achievements or continuous actions.

At the B1 level, the usage of 'با وجود' expands significantly. Learners are no longer restricted to using it only with nouns. This is the stage where 'با وجود اینکه' (despite the fact that / even though) is formally introduced and heavily practiced. This transforms the preposition into a conjunction, allowing learners to follow it with a full clause containing a subject and a conjugated verb. For example, moving from the A2 'با وجود بیماری' (Despite illness) to the B1 'با وجود اینکه بیمار بودم' (Despite the fact that I was ill). This opens up a vast array of expressive possibilities, allowing learners to contrast complex ideas and actions. B1 learners should be comfortable using different verb tenses within these clauses, such as contrasting a past condition with a present result: 'با وجود اینکه دیروز باران بارید، امروز هوا گرم است' (Even though it rained yesterday, it is hot today). Additionally, B1 learners start to encounter and use 'با وجود این' (Despite this / Nevertheless) as a sentence starter to connect two separate sentences logically. The focus at this level is on fluency and flexibility, ensuring the learner can seamlessly switch between the noun-phrase structure and the full-clause structure depending on what they want to express.

In the B2 level, learners refine their understanding of 'با وجود' by exploring its nuances, register, and synonyms. While they already know how to use it grammatically, B2 focuses on stylistic choices. Learners are introduced to the formal synonym 'علیرغم' (ala-raghm-e) and must learn when it is appropriate to use it (e.g., in essays, formal emails, or when reading news) versus when to stick with the more neutral 'با وجود'. They also learn to contrast it with other concessive conjunctions like 'هرچند' (although) and 'گرچه' (even though), understanding the subtle differences in tone and flow. B2 learners should be able to comfortably read and comprehend complex texts, such as opinion pieces or literature, where 'با وجود' is used to navigate intricate arguments or character motivations. In speaking, they should use it naturally to debate, concede points, and present counter-arguments. For instance, in a discussion about the economy, a B2 learner might say, 'با وجود تمام تلاش‌های دولت برای کنترل تورم، قیمت‌ها همچنان در حال افزایش است' (Despite all the government's efforts to control inflation, prices are still rising). The mastery here is about precision, appropriateness of register, and the ability to construct sophisticated, multi-layered arguments.

At the C1 level, the use of 'با وجود' is expected to be near-native, characterized by its integration into highly complex, academic, or professional discourse. C1 learners use it not just for simple contrasts, but to navigate abstract concepts, hypothetical situations, and nuanced debates. They are comfortable placing the 'با وجود' phrase at different points in the sentence for rhetorical effect—sometimes at the beginning for emphasis, sometimes embedded within the main clause to create a specific rhythm. They seamlessly interchange it with 'علیرغم' depending on the exact level of formality required. Furthermore, C1 learners can comprehend and produce sentences where the 'با وجود' clause contains passive voice, complex compound nouns, or subjunctive verbs. For example: 'با وجود تدابیر امنیتی اتخاذ شده، نفوذ به سیستم غیرقابل اجتناب بود' (Despite the security measures taken, infiltration of the system was unavoidable). At this level, the phrase is a tool for sophisticated argumentation, allowing the speaker or writer to acknowledge opposing viewpoints or mitigating factors before delivering a strong, contrasting conclusion. It is a hallmark of advanced fluency and cognitive linguistic flexibility.

For C2 learners, 'با وجود' is a fully internalized structural element used with effortless precision across all domains of the Persian language, including classical literature, poetry, and highly specialized academic fields. At this mastery level, learners appreciate the historical and etymological weight of the word 'وجود' (existence) and how it colors the phrase. They can parse incredibly dense, nested sentences in classical texts where 'با وجود' might be separated from its noun by multiple adjectives or descriptive clauses. In their own production, C2 speakers use it to craft elegant, persuasive prose or highly diplomatic speech. They might use it in complex rhetorical structures, such as double concessions or heavily modified abstract concepts: 'با وجود فقدان شواهد تجربی متقن در این زمینه خاص، فرضیه مطرح شده همچنان از اعتبار نظری بالایی برخوردار است' (Despite the lack of solid empirical evidence in this specific area, the proposed hypothesis still holds high theoretical validity). At the C2 level, there is no hesitation or grammatical calculation; the phrase flows naturally as an integral part of expressing complex, multifaceted human experiences and intellectual arguments, demonstrating a complete and profound command of Persian syntax and semantics.

开始练习例句笔记与提示

با وجود 30秒了解

Means 'despite' or 'in spite of'.
Followed by a noun or noun phrase.
Use 'با وجود اینکه' before a verb.
Shows contrast or unexpected results.

The Persian phrase 'با وجود' (ba vojud) is a highly versatile and essential prepositional phrase used to express concession, contrast, or unexpected outcomes. Literally translating to 'with the existence of,' it functions exactly like the English words 'despite' or 'in spite of.' Understanding this phrase is crucial for learners at the A2 level and beyond, as it allows for the construction of more complex, nuanced sentences that move beyond simple statements of fact. When you use 'با وجود', you are essentially setting up an expectation based on a specific circumstance, and then immediately subverting that expectation in the main clause of the sentence. For example, if it is raining, the expectation is that one might stay indoors. By saying 'Despite the rain, we went out,' you highlight the contrast. In Persian, this is achieved seamlessly with 'با وجود'. The structure is straightforward: it is typically followed directly by a noun or a noun phrase. It is important to note that 'با وجود' itself does not take a verb directly; if you need to use a verb, you must add 'اینکه' (inke) to create the conjunction 'با وجود اینکه' (despite the fact that). Let us explore the various dimensions of its meaning and application in everyday Persian.

Literal Translation: The word 'با' means 'with', and 'وجود' means 'existence' or 'presence'. Together, they mean 'with the existence of'.

Grammatical Function: It acts as a complex preposition. It must be followed by a noun phrase, not a full clause, unless modified.

Semantic Role: It introduces a concessive clause, indicating that the action in the main clause happens regardless of the stated condition.

با وجود خستگی، به کارش ادامه داد.

با وجود باران شدید، مسابقه برگزار شد.

او با وجود مشکلات مالی، همیشه شاد است.

با وجود ترافیک، به موقع رسیدیم.

موفقیت او با وجود تمام موانع به دست آمد.

The psychological impact of using 'با وجود' in conversation is significant. It shows empathy and understanding of difficulties while highlighting resilience or unexpected positive outcomes. It is a phrase of contrast, bridging the gap between what is expected and what actually happens. Mastering this phrase elevates your Persian from basic, linear storytelling to dynamic, multi-dimensional communication. You are no longer just stating facts; you are analyzing situations and presenting contrasting realities. This is why it is a cornerstone of A2 and B1 level proficiency. Furthermore, the word 'وجود' itself is a deeply philosophical and common word in Persian literature, meaning existence. By using it in this prepositional format, you are tapping into a very natural, deeply rooted syntactic structure in the language. Whether you are talking about the weather, personal struggles, societal issues, or simple daily inconveniences, 'با وجود' is your go-to tool for expressing 'despite'.

Using 'با وجود' correctly involves understanding its syntactic requirements and its placement within a sentence. As a prepositional phrase, it is inherently tied to a noun or a noun phrase. The most common and fundamental structure is: 'با وجود' + [Noun Phrase] + [Comma] + [Main Clause]. The comma is crucial in written Persian to separate the concessive phrase from the main action, though in spoken Persian, this is represented by a slight pause. For instance, 'با وجود بیماری، او به مدرسه رفت' (Despite the illness, he went to school). Notice how 'بیماری' (illness) is a noun. This is the A2 level mastery requirement. However, language is fluid, and you will often need to express contrast using full clauses rather than just nouns. This is where the expansion 'با وجود اینکه' (ba vojud-e inke) comes into play. By adding 'اینکه' (that / the fact that), you transform the preposition into a conjunction, allowing it to be followed by a subject and a verb. For example, 'با وجود اینکه بیمار بود، به مدرسه رفت' (Despite the fact that he was ill, he went to school).

Structure 1: Noun Phrase: با وجود + Noun. Example: با وجود سرما (Despite the cold).

Structure 2: With Pronouns: با وجود + Pronoun. Example: با وجود آن (Despite that).

Structure 3: Clause (Advanced): با وجود اینکه + Subject + Verb. Example: با وجود اینکه خسته بودم (Despite the fact that I was tired).

با وجود تلاش زیاد، موفق نشد.

من با وجود ترس، وارد تاریکی شدم.

با وجود این همه مشکل، باز هم می‌خندد.

آنها با وجود مخالفت خانواده، ازدواج کردند.

با وجود گرانی، مردم هنوز خرید می‌کنند.

Another important aspect of using 'با وجود' is understanding its formal versus informal applications. While the phrase itself is neutral and perfectly acceptable in both formal writing and casual conversation, the vocabulary that follows it often dictates the register. In formal contexts, you might hear 'با وجود شواهد' (despite the evidence), whereas informally, you might hear 'با وجود این همه دردسر' (despite all this hassle). The flexibility of 'با وجود' makes it a highly productive phrase. You can attach almost any noun to it to create a scenario of contrast. Practice forming sentences by taking a negative situation (like bad weather, lack of money, tiredness) and pairing it with a positive or persistent action. This mental exercise will solidify the grammatical structure and the semantic purpose of the phrase in your mind, ensuring you can deploy it naturally in real-time conversations.

The phrase 'با وجود' is ubiquitous in the Persian language, permeating every level of discourse from the most casual street conversations in Tehran to the highly formal language of news broadcasts and classical literature. Because the concept of contrast and overcoming obstacles is universal, the linguistic tool used to express it is naturally widespread. In everyday conversation, you will hear it constantly. Friends discussing their plans might say, 'با وجود ترافیک، زود رسیدیم' (Despite the traffic, we arrived early). A student might complain, 'با وجود اینکه درس خواندم، نمره خوبی نگرفتم' (Despite the fact that I studied, I didn't get a good grade). In these informal settings, the pronunciation is often slightly relaxed, with the words flowing smoothly into one another.

News and Media: Journalists use it frequently to report on complex situations, such as 'با وجود تحریم‌ها' (Despite the sanctions) or 'با وجود هشدارهای پلیس' (Despite police warnings).

Literature and Poetry: Authors use it to build tension and highlight the resilience of characters facing adversity.

Business Contexts: In meetings, professionals might say 'با وجود کاهش بودجه' (Despite the budget cuts) to frame their achievements.

گوینده اخبار: با وجود تلاش تیم نجات، او پیدا نشد.

در فیلم: من با وجود همه چیز دوستت دارم.

در جلسه: با وجود رقابت سخت، ما پیروز شدیم.

در خیابان: با وجود این گرما، چطور چای می‌خوری؟

در کتاب: قهرمان داستان با وجود زخم‌هایش ایستاد.

You will also encounter 'با وجود' extensively in written formats, such as emails, formal letters, and academic papers. In these contexts, it serves as a crucial transitional device, guiding the reader through complex arguments where multiple, sometimes conflicting, factors must be weighed. The phrase acts as a signpost, alerting the listener or reader that a counter-intuitive point is about to be made. Because it is so deeply embedded in the language, failing to recognize it can lead to significant misunderstandings, as you might miss the entire point of the contrast being presented. Immersing yourself in Persian media—whether it is listening to podcasts, watching the news, or reading contemporary fiction—will expose you to the rhythm and natural placement of 'با وجود' in a variety of contexts, accelerating your journey toward fluency.

While 'با وجود' is relatively straightforward, learners often stumble over a few specific grammatical and semantic hurdles when first incorporating it into their active vocabulary. The most prevalent mistake is confusing the prepositional form with the conjunction form. Many learners try to follow 'با وجود' directly with a verb or a full clause, mirroring the English structure 'Despite he was sick...'. In Persian, just as in correct English ('Despite being sick' or 'Despite the fact that he was sick'), you cannot link 'با وجود' directly to a conjugated verb. You must either use a noun ('با وجود بیماری' - Despite the illness) or add 'اینکه' to create a clause ('با وجود اینکه بیمار بود' - Despite the fact that he was sick).

Mistake 1: Missing اینکه: Incorrect: با وجود رفتم، دیر رسیدم. Correct: با وجود اینکه رفتم، دیر رسیدم. You must use اینکه before a verb.

Mistake 2: Redundant Conjunctions: Incorrect: با وجود باران، اما رفتیم. Correct: با وجود باران، رفتیم. Do not use 'اما' (but) in the second half of the sentence.

Mistake 3: Confusing with به وجود: 'به وجود آمدن' means 'to come into existence'. Do not mix 'با' (with) and 'به' (to) in this context.

غلط: با وجود خسته بودم، کار کردم.

درست: با وجود اینکه خسته بودم، کار کردم.

غلط: با وجود مشکل، ولی حل شد.

درست: با وجود مشکل، حل شد.

دقت کنید: با وجود (Despite) vs به وجود (Into existence).

Another subtle error involves the register. While 'با وجود' is versatile, overusing it in highly formal academic writing where 'علیرغم' (despite - Arabic root) might be more appropriate can make the text feel slightly less elevated, though not grammatically incorrect. Conversely, using 'علیرغم' in a casual chat with friends sounds unnaturally stiff. Mastering the nuances of these common mistakes requires active listening and practice. When you read Persian texts, pay close attention to the words immediately following 'با وجود'. You will notice they are always nouns, pronouns, or the word 'اینکه'. Internalizing this pattern is the key to eliminating these common errors and speaking Persian with greater accuracy and confidence.

Persian, like English, offers multiple ways to express concession and contrast. While 'با وجود' is the most common and versatile option, understanding its synonyms and related terms is crucial for expanding your vocabulary and adapting your language to different contexts. The most direct synonym is 'علیرغم' (ala-raghm-e). This word is borrowed from Arabic and carries a more formal, literary, or journalistic tone. You will frequently see it in newspapers or official documents (e.g., علیرغم تلاش‌های دولت - Despite the government's efforts). It functions grammatically exactly like 'با وجود', requiring a noun phrase. Another related phrase is 'با این حال' (ba in hal), which translates to 'however' or 'nevertheless'. While 'با وجود' is a preposition used within a sentence, 'با این حال' is an adverbial phrase usually placed at the beginning of a new sentence to contrast with the previous one.

علیرغم (Ala-raghm-e): Highly formal synonym. Used mostly in writing, news, and official speech. Means exactly 'despite'.

با این حال (Ba in hal): Means 'however' or 'nevertheless'. Used to start a new sentence that contrasts with the previous statement.

هرچند (Har-chand): Means 'although' or 'even though'. It is a conjunction and must be followed by a full clause, similar to 'با وجود اینکه'.

رسمی: علیرغم مشکلات، پروژه تمام شد.

روزمره: با وجود مشکلات، پروژه تمام شد.

جمله جدید: باران می‌بارید. با این حال، ما رفتیم.

ربط دهنده: هرچند باران می‌بارید، ما رفتیم.

مقایسه: با وجود اینکه باران می‌بارید، ما رفتیم.

Furthermore, you might encounter 'با همه اینها' (with all these), which is a more colloquial way of saying 'despite all this'. It is very common in spoken Persian when someone has just listed a series of complaints or obstacles but still intends to proceed with an action. Understanding these subtle distinctions allows you to choose the exact right word for the situation, whether you are writing a formal essay, reading a news article, or chatting with friends in a cafe. The richness of Persian lies in these subtle variations, and mastering them is a key step towards true fluency. By recognizing 'علیرغم', 'هرچند', and 'با این حال', you not only improve your own speaking and writing but also drastically enhance your reading and listening comprehension across all registers of the language.

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按水平分级的例句

با وجود باران، ما رفتیم.

Despite the rain, we went.

با وجود + Noun (باران)

با وجود سرما، او بازی کرد.

Despite the cold, he played.

با وجود + Noun (سرما)

با وجود خستگی، کتاب خواندم.

Despite tiredness, I read a book.

با وجود + Noun (خستگی)

با وجود ترافیک، رسیدیم.

Despite traffic, we arrived.

با وجود + Noun (ترافیک)

با وجود گرما، چای خوردم.

Despite the heat, I drank tea.

با وجود + Noun (گرما)

با وجود درد، خندید.

Despite the pain, he laughed.

با وجود + Noun (درد)

با وجود مشکل، کار کرد.

Despite the problem, he worked.

با وجود + Noun (مشکل)

با وجود ترس، رفت.

Despite fear, he went.

با وجود + Noun (ترس)

با وجود هوای بد، ما به پارک رفتیم.

Despite the bad weather, we went to the park.

با وجود + Noun Phrase (هوای بد)

او با وجود بیماری به مدرسه رفت.

He went to school despite his illness.

Placed in the middle of the sentence.

با وجود قیمت بالا، این ماشین را خریدم.

Despite the high price, I bought this car.

با وجود + Noun Phrase (قیمت بالا)

با وجود اینکه خسته بودم، شام پختم.

Despite the fact that I was tired, I cooked dinner.

Introduction of اینکه for clauses.

آنها با وجود مشکلات مالی، شاد هستند.

They are happy despite financial problems.

با وجود + Plural Noun Phrase.

با وجود صدای بلند، کودک خوابید.

Despite the loud noise, the baby slept.

با وجود + Noun Phrase (صدای بلند)

من با وجود ترس از سگ‌ها، به آن دست زدم.

Despite my fear of dogs, I touched it.

با وجود + Noun with prepositional phrase.

با وجود این، من هنوز او را دوست دارم.

Despite this, I still love him.

Use of با وجود این as a transition.

با وجود اینکه باران شدیدی می‌بارید، مسابقه فوتبال لغو نشد.

Even though it was raining heavily, the football match was not canceled.

با وجود اینکه + Past Continuous verb.

او با وجود داشتن تجربه زیاد، در مصاحبه قبول نشد.

Despite having a lot of experience, he didn't pass the interview.

با وجود + Infinitive/Gerund (داشتن).

با وجود تمام تلاش‌هایی که کردیم، پروژه به موقع تمام نشد.

Despite all the efforts we made, the project was not finished on time.

با وجود + Noun modified by a relative clause (که کردیم).

من با وجود اینکه زبان آلمانی را دوست ندارم، باید آن را یاد بگیرم.

Even though I don't like the German language, I have to learn it.

با وجود اینکه + Present verb.

با وجود تفاوت‌های فرهنگی، آنها دوستان خوبی برای هم هستند.

Despite cultural differences, they are good friends to each other.

با وجود + Plural abstract noun.

ماشین قدیمی است؛ با وجود این، خیلی خوب کار می‌کند.

The car is old; nevertheless, it works very well.

با وجود این starting a new independent clause.

با وجود مخالفت شدید خانواده‌اش، او تصمیم گرفت مهاجرت کند.

Despite his family's strong opposition, he decided to emigrate.

با وجود + Complex noun phrase.

با وجود اینکه وقت کمی داشتیم، توانستیم همه شهر را ببینیم.

Even though we had little time, we managed to see the whole city.

با وجود اینکه + Past verb.

با وجود شواهد روشنی که ارائه شد، هیئت منصفه او را تبرئه کرد.

Despite the clear evidence presented, the jury acquitted him.

Formal vocabulary mixed with relative clauses.

دولت با وجود کسری بودجه شدید، حاضر به کاهش یارانه‌ها نشد.

Despite the severe budget deficit, the government refused to cut subsidies.

Political/Economic context.

با وجود اینکه سال‌ها از آن ماجرا می‌گذرد، هنوز هم از یادآوری آن رنج می‌برد.

Even though years have passed since that incident, he still suffers from remembering it.

Complex emotional expression.

این شرکت با وجود رقبای قدرتمند در بازار، توانست سهم خود را افزایش دهد.

Despite powerful competitors in the market, this company managed to increase its share.

Business context.

با وجود پیشرفت‌های چشمگیر در علم پزشکی، هنوز درمانی برای این بیماری یافت نشده است.

Despite remarkable advancements in medical science, a cure for this disease has not yet been found.

Scientific context.

او با وجود برخورداری از استعداد ذاتی، به دلیل عدم پشتکار موفق نشد.

Despite possessing innate talent, he did not succeed due to a lack of perseverance.

Use of برخورداری از (possessing/enjoying).

با وجود انتقادات فراوان، کارگردان از سبک خاص خود دفاع کرد.

Despite numerous criticisms, the director defended his unique style.

Artistic/Media context.

شرایط اقتصادی دشوار است؛ با وجود این، مردم همچنان به آینده امیدوارند.

Economic conditions are difficult; nevertheless, people remain hopeful for the future.

Advanced use of با وجود این for contrast.

با وجود تدابیر امنیتی اتخاذ شده، نفوذ هکرها به سیستم اطلاعاتی غیرقابل اجتناب بود.

Despite the security measures taken, the hackers' infiltration into the information system was unavoidable.

Highly formal, passive participles (اتخاذ شده).

با وجود اینکه نظریه وی در ابتدا با شک و تردید جامعه علمی مواجه شد، اکنون به عنوان یک اصل پذیرفته شده است.

Even though his theory was initially met with skepticism by the scientific community, it is now accepted as a principle.

Academic discourse, passive voice.

این نویسنده با وجود بهره‌گیری از زبانی پیچیده و استعاری، توانسته است ارتباط عمیقی با مخاطب عام برقرار کند.

Despite utilizing a complex and metaphorical language, this author has managed to establish a deep connection with the general audience.

Use of بهره‌گیری (utilizing) as a gerund.

با وجود نوسانات شدید نرخ ارز، صادرات غیرنفتی کشور رشد قابل توجهی را تجربه کرد.

Despite severe fluctuations in the exchange rate, the country's non-oil exports experienced significant growth.

Economic terminology.

با وجود فقدان شواهد تجربی متقن، این فرضیه همچنان از اعتبار نظری بالایی برخوردار است.

Despite the lack of solid empirical evidence, this hypothesis still enjoys high theoretical validity.

Highly academic vocabulary (متقن, فقدان).

او با وجود اینکه در محیطی کاملاً سنتی پرورش یافته بود، افکاری بسیار پیشرو و مدرن داشت.

Even though he had been raised in a completely traditional environment, he had very progressive and modern thoughts.

Past perfect passive in the concessive clause.

با وجود هشدارهای مکرر کارشناسان محیط زیست، روند تخریب جنگل‌ها متوقف نشده است.

Despite repeated warnings from environmental experts, the trend of forest destruction has not stopped.

Environmental/Journalistic context.

با وجود تمام این تفاسیر، نمی‌توان نقش عوامل روان‌شناختی را در بروز این پدیده نادیده گرفت.

Despite all these interpretations, one cannot ignore the role of psychological factors in the occurrence of this phenomenon.

Idiomatic formal phrase (با وجود تمام این تفاسیر).

با وجود آنکه در ظاهر امر تسلیم مقدرات می‌نمود، در باطن آتشی از عصیان زبانه می‌کشید.

Although outwardly he appeared to surrender to destiny, inwardly a fire of rebellion was blazing.

Literary style, use of آنکه instead of اینکه.

با وجود تضییقات فراوان و سانسور حاکم، ادبیات زیرزمینی راه خود را به سوی روشنفکران باز کرد.

Despite the abundant restrictions and prevailing censorship, underground literature found its way to the intellectuals.

Classical/Historical vocabulary (تضییقات).

این بنای تاریخی با وجود تحمل قرن‌ها ناملایمات جوی و بی‌مهری مردمان، همچنان استوار ایستاده است.

This historical monument, despite enduring centuries of harsh weather and people's unkindness, still stands firm.

Poetic personification (بی‌مهری).

با وجود اینکه شالوده فکری او بر مبانی فلسفه غرب استوار بود، همواره رگه‌هایی از عرفان شرقی در آثارش به چشم می‌خورد.

Even though his intellectual foundation was based on Western philosophy, traces of Eastern mysticism were always visible in his works.

Complex philosophical discourse.

با وجود کثرت آرا و تشتت افکار در میان نخبگان، سرانجام اجماعی نسبی بر سر منافع ملی حاصل شد.

Despite the multiplicity of opinions and dispersion of thoughts among the elites, a relative consensus on national interests was finally achieved.

Highly advanced political/sociological terminology (تشتت, کثرت).

او با وجود استغنای طبع و بی‌نیازی از مال دنیا، هرگز از دستگیری مستمندان دریغ نورزید.

Despite his richness of nature and independence from worldly wealth, he never hesitated to help the needy.

Classical Persian moralistic tone.

با وجود آنکه منطق صوری حکم به امتناع این گزاره می‌داد، شهود قلبی وی بر صحت آن گواهی می‌داد.

Although formal logic dictated the impossibility of this proposition, his heart's intuition testified to its truth.

Philosophical/Logical terminology.

با وجود تمام مصائبی که بر این سرزمین رفته است، روحیه تساهل و مدارا همچنان در تار و پود فرهنگ آن تنیده شده است.

Despite all the calamities that have befallen this land, the spirit of tolerance and leniency remains woven into the fabric of its culture.

Poetic and sociological synthesis.

常见搭配

با وجود مشکلات

با وجود ترافیک

با وجود باران

با وجود خستگی

با وجود اینکه

با وجود تلاش

با وجود مخالفت

با وجود تحریم‌ها

با وجود شواهد

با وجود بیماری

常用短语

با وجود این

با وجود همه چیز

با وجود تمام مشکلات

با این وجود

با وجود آنکه

با وجود اینکه می‌دانستم

با وجود مخالفت‌ها

با وجود شرایط سخت

با وجود خطرات

با وجود کمبود وقت

容易混淆的词

با وجود vs به وجود (into existence)

با وجود vs با توجه به (considering)

با وجود vs به دلیل (because of)

习语与表达

容易混淆

با وجود vs

句型

如何使用

note

While 'با وجود' is the standard, you will often hear 'با این وجود' (despite this existence) used interchangeably with 'با وجود این' (despite this) in spoken Persian to start a new sentence.

常见错误

Using a verb directly after 'با وجود' without adding 'اینکه'.
Using 'اما' (but) or 'ولی' (but) in the main clause.
Confusing 'با وجود' (despite) with 'به وجود' (into existence).
Forgetting the Ezāfe (-e) when saying 'با وجودِ این' (ba vojud-e in).
Using the formal 'علیرغم' in very casual, informal conversations.

小贴士

The 'اینکه' Rule

Always remember the golden rule: Nouns get 'با وجود', Verbs get 'با وجود اینکه'. If you see a conjugated verb coming up, you must insert 'اینکه' to make the sentence grammatically correct. This is the most common mistake learners make.

Comma Placement

When writing in Persian, if you start your sentence with 'با وجود', always place a comma at the end of the concessive phrase before starting the main clause. This helps the reader understand where the contrast begins. Example: با وجود باران، رفتیم.

Intonation and Pausing

When speaking, use a slight pause where the comma would be. Your voice should slightly rise at the end of the 'با وجود' phrase to indicate that the sentence is not finished and a contrasting point is about to be made. Then, deliver the main clause.

Learn Common Pairings

Memorize 'با وجود' with common obstacles. Practice saying 'با وجود ترافیک' (traffic), 'با وجود سرما' (cold), 'با وجود خستگی' (tiredness). Having these chunks ready in your mind will make you much more fluent in conversation.

Avoid the 'But' Trap

Resist the urge to translate English literally. In English, we sometimes say 'Even though it rained, but we went.' This is bad English and bad Persian. Never use 'اما' or 'ولی' in the main clause when using 'با وجود'.

Anticipate the Contrast

When you are listening to Persian and you hear 'با وجود', immediately prepare your brain for a twist. The speaker is telling you about a condition, but the actual outcome will be the opposite of what that condition usually causes.

Level Up Your Essays

If you are writing a formal essay or taking a proficiency test, swap 'با وجود' for 'علیرغم' to instantly make your writing sound more academic and sophisticated. Just ensure you use it correctly with a noun phrase.

Spotting the Subject

In complex written sentences, the subject of the main clause might be placed right after 'با وجود اینکه' before the verb. For example: 'با وجود اینکه علی خسته بود، رفت.' Pay attention to word order to identify who is doing the action.

Using 'با این وجود'

In casual chats, you will often hear 'با این وجود' instead of 'با وجود این' to mean 'Despite this'. While grammarians might prefer the latter, the former is extremely common and perfectly acceptable in spoken Persian.

The 'Opposite Day' Game

Practice by playing a mental game. Think of a reason NOT to do something (e.g., I have no money). Then, state that you did it anyway using the phrase: 'با وجود بی‌پولی، خرید کردم'. This builds rapid recall.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine you are WITH (با) a giant, existing (وجود) monster, but DESPITE its presence, you are not afraid.

词源

Arabic root و-ج-د (w-j-d) meaning 'to find' or 'to exist', combined with the Persian preposition با (with).

文化背景

It is perfectly neutral. It can be used with a street vendor or the President.

Using 'با وجود' can soften a refusal or a complaint. For example, 'با وجود اینکه دوست دارم بیایم، اما نمی‌توانم' (Even though I'd love to come, I can't).

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"با وجود ترافیک تهران، چطور به موقع می‌رسی؟"

"با وجود این همه کار، کی وقت می‌کنی ورزش کنی؟"

"با وجود گرانی، برنامه‌ات برای سفر چیست؟"

"با وجود اینکه خسته‌ای، می‌خواهی فیلم ببینیم؟"

"با وجود هوای سرد، دوست داری قدم بزنیم؟"

日记主题

Write about a time you succeeded 'با وجود' a major obstacle.

Describe your city 'با وجود' its flaws.

Write a paragraph starting with: با وجود اینکه می‌ترسیدم...

List three things you do every day 'با وجود' lack of time.

Describe a friend who is always happy 'با وجود' difficulties.

常见问题

10 个问题

No, you cannot. In Persian, 'با وجود' is a preposition and must be followed by a noun or a pronoun. If you want to use a verb, you must turn the phrase into a conjunction by adding 'اینکه' (inke). For example, you cannot say 'با وجود رفتم' (Despite I went). You must say 'با وجود اینکه رفتم' (Despite the fact that I went).

They mean exactly the same thing: 'despite' or 'in spite of'. The difference is purely in the register or level of formality. 'با وجود' is Persian and is used in everyday conversation, writing, and media. 'علیرغم' is borrowed from Arabic and is much more formal, typically used in official documents, academic papers, and formal news broadcasts.

Grammatically, no. Using 'اما' (but) or 'ولی' (but) in the main clause when you have already started the sentence with 'با وجود' is redundant. It is like saying 'Despite the rain, but we went' in English. However, in very casual spoken Persian, you might occasionally hear native speakers make this redundancy, but it should be avoided in writing and proper speech.

To say 'Despite this' or 'Nevertheless' at the beginning of a new sentence, you use 'با وجود این' (ba vojud-e in). Notice the 'e' (ezāfe) connecting 'vojud' to 'in'. For example: 'هوا سرد بود. با وجود این، ما رفتیم.' (The weather was cold. Despite this, we went.) You might also hear 'با این وجود' in spoken Persian, which means the same thing.

In careful, formal speech, yes, the 'd' (د) is clearly pronounced. However, in fast, casual conversational Persian, the 'd' is often softened significantly or almost dropped, especially if the next word starts with a consonant. It might sound more like 'ba voju-e inke' instead of a hard 'ba vojud-e inke'.

It is very rare and sounds unnatural to put the 'با وجود' phrase at the absolute end of a sentence as an afterthought, unlike in English where you might say 'I went out, despite the rain.' In Persian, it is much better to place it at the beginning of the sentence or in the middle, before the main verb: 'من با وجود باران بیرون رفتم'.

'به وجود' (be vojud) means 'into existence'. It is usually paired with verbs like 'آمدن' (to come) or 'آوردن' (to bring). 'به وجود آمدن' means 'to be created' or 'to arise'. It is completely different from 'با وجود' (despite). Do not confuse the preposition 'با' (with) and 'به' (to) in this context.

Absolutely. You can use it with any noun, singular or plural. For example, 'با وجود مشکلات' (Despite the problems) or 'با وجود تفاوت‌ها' (Despite the differences). The grammatical rule remains exactly the same regardless of the noun's plurality.

Not necessarily. The verb tense and mood after 'با وجود اینکه' depend entirely on what you are trying to say. If you are stating a fact, you use the indicative mood (e.g., با وجود اینکه بیمار است - Despite the fact that he IS sick). You only use the subjunctive if the context itself requires it, but the conjunction itself does not force the subjunctive.

No, it is considered a core, intermediate-level phrase (A2/B1). While it allows you to build complex sentences, the phrase itself is very common and essential for everyday communication. Mastering it early on will significantly improve your ability to express nuanced thoughts in Persian.