تسویه
تسویه 30秒了解
- Tasviye means settling accounts or disputes.
- It comes from the root for 'equality' (making things even).
- Commonly used in banking, business, and legal contexts.
- Often confused with 'Tasfiye' (purification), but they are different.
The Persian word تسویه (Tasviye) is a fundamental term in the realms of finance, law, and interpersonal relations. At its core, it refers to the act of making things equal, level, or balanced. Derived from the Arabic root 's-w-y' (سوی), which relates to equality and sameness, the word literally implies bringing two sides of a scale to the same level. In modern Persian, its most frequent application is in the phrase تسویه حساب (Tasviye Hesab), meaning the settlement of an account. This could involve paying off a debt to a bank, clearing a balance with a merchant, or finalizing financial obligations at the end of a business contract. Beyond the cold world of numbers, it carries a heavy weight in social contexts. When two people have a dispute or a long-standing grudge, they might seek a تسویه to resolve the conflict and 'clear the air.' It is important to distinguish this from its phonetic twin, تصفیه (Tasfiye), which means purification or filtering. While they sound identical to the untrained ear, using the wrong one in writing can change the meaning from 'settling a bill' to 'filtering a bill,' which would be nonsensical.
- Financial Context
- The process of paying the remaining balance of a loan or a bill to ensure no debt remains. For example, when leaving a job, you undergo a final financial settlement with the HR department.
پس از پایان قرارداد، شرکت با تمام کارکنان خود تسویه کامل انجام داد.
- Legal and Dispute Context
- The resolution of a disagreement or legal claim where both parties agree on a final outcome to end the dispute. This is often used in court cases or arbitration where a 'settlement' is reached.
In everyday life, you might hear this word at a restaurant when asking for the bill, though 'صورتحساب' (bill) is more common, 'تسویه کردن' is the action you perform. It is also used in sports or competitions when points are leveled out. Understanding this word is crucial for anyone navigating Persian-speaking business environments or legal documents. It signifies finality and the closing of a chapter, whether that chapter is a financial debt or a personal rivalry. The emotional weight of the word can range from the relief of being debt-free to the tension of a final confrontation.
ما نیاز داریم قبل از شروع پروژه جدید، تمام بدهیهای قبلی را تسویه کنیم.
- Administrative Usage
- In universities or government offices, the 'تسویه حساب' process is a mandatory step before graduation or resignation to ensure no library books are unreturned and no fees are unpaid.
Using تسویه correctly requires understanding its role as a noun that often functions within a light verb construction. The most common verb paired with it is کردن (to do/make). When you say تسویه کردن, you are saying 'to perform a settlement.' It is transitive, meaning it usually takes an object, such as a debt (بدهی), an account (حساب), or a bill (فاکتور). For example, 'من بدهیام را تسویه کردم' (I settled my debt). In more formal or bureaucratic settings, you might see it used with نمودن (a formal version of 'to do') or بهعمل آوردن (to bring into action). Understanding the grammatical flow is key: Subject + Object + تسویه + Verb.
او برای تسویه حساب به بانک رفت.
Another important structure involves the preposition با (with). When you settle an account *with* someone, you use the structure: [Person A] + با + [Person B] + تسویه کرد. For instance, 'علی با صاحبخانه تسویه کرد' (Ali settled [the account] with the landlord). This implies that any outstanding rent or utility bills have been paid and the relationship is financially clear. In a metaphorical sense, 'تسویه حساب کردن' can also mean 'to get even' or 'to settle a score' in a revenge context, though this is more colloquial and depends heavily on the tone of the conversation.
- Formal Business Writing
- In a formal letter, you might write: 'خواهشمند است نسبت به تسویه بدهی خود اقدام نمایید' (Please take action regarding the settlement of your debt). Here, 'نسبت به' (regarding) is used to introduce the object of the settlement.
بانک مرکزی دستور تسویه فوری مطالبات را صادر کرد.
Furthermore, the word can be used in the passive voice using شدن (to become). 'حسابها تسویه شدند' (The accounts were settled). This is common in accounting reports or when summarizing the status of various transactions. If you are a student, you will encounter the term 'برگه تسویه حساب' (settlement form), which is a document you must get signed by various departments (library, dormitory, finance) before you can receive your diploma. Each signature confirms that you have 'settled' your obligations with that specific department. This multi-step process is a rite of passage for many Iranians finishing their studies or leaving a military service post.
In Iran, you will encounter the word تسویه in a variety of everyday and professional environments. One of the most common places is the bank. When you want to close a loan or pay off the remaining installments of a mortgage, the clerk will talk about the 'تسویه نهایی' (final settlement). Similarly, in the corporate world, at the end of every fiscal year or when an employee resigns, the HR and accounting departments are buzzing with 'تسویه حساب' procedures. It is the formal way of saying 'clearing the books.' You will also see this word on invoices and bills, often in the fine print detailing the 'مهلت تسویه' (settlement deadline).
مشتری گرامی، مهلت تسویه فاکتور شما تا پایان هفته است.
- In Educational Institutions
- University students are very familiar with 'تسویه حساب دانشجویی'. Before they can get their degrees, they must visit the library, the gym, and the cafeteria to ensure they don't owe any money or books.
In the news and media, تسویه frequently appears in economic reports. You might hear about the government's efforts for 'تسویه بدهیهای خارجی' (settling foreign debts) or the 'تسویه معاملات' (settlement of transactions) in the stock market (بورس). In these contexts, it refers to the complex financial mechanisms that ensure buyers and sellers have fulfilled their obligations. In a more dramatic setting, like a movie or a novel, a character might say 'باید با او تسویه حساب کنم' (I must settle the score with him), implying a looming confrontation or revenge for past wrongs. This double usage—financial and personal—makes it a versatile and powerful word.
او پس از سالها برگشت تا با دشمنان قدیمیاش تسویه حساب کند.
In the legal system, 'تسویه' is used regarding bankrupt companies. When a business goes under, a 'مدیر تسویه' (liquidation manager) is appointed to sell off assets and 'settle' the debts with creditors. This process is called 'امر تسویه' (the matter of liquidation/settlement). Even in international diplomacy, you might hear about the 'تسویه مسالمتآمیز اختلافات' (the peaceful settlement of disputes), showing the word's reach from a simple grocery bill to global peace treaties. Whether you are paying for bread or negotiating a treaty, the concept of bringing things to a level, fair conclusion is what 'تسویه' is all about.
The most pervasive mistake regarding تسویه (Tasviye) is confusing it with تصفیه (Tasfiye). Because they are pronounced exactly the same in contemporary Persian (both as 'Tas-vee-yeh'), even native speakers frequently swap them in writing. However, their meanings are drastically different. تسویه comes from 'Sava' (equality) and means to level or settle. تصفیه comes from 'Safa' (purity) and means to purify, filter, or refine. Therefore, writing 'تصفیه حساب' (purifying an account) is technically incorrect, although it has become so common in colloquial writing that some people don't even notice the error. In professional, academic, or legal writing, using the wrong spelling is a sign of poor literacy.
اشتباه متداول: تصفیه حساب با بانک (غلط) / درست: تسویه حساب با بانک (صحیح)
- The 'Equality' vs 'Purity' Rule
- Think of 'Savi' (equal) for 'Tasviye'. Think of 'Safi' (pure/clear) for 'Tasfiye'. You 'Tasviye' a debt (make it zero/equal) but you 'Tasfiye' water (make it clear).
Another mistake is the redundant use of verbs. Some learners might say 'تسویه کردن پرداخت' (to do settlement payment), which is awkward. It is better to simply say 'تسویه کردن' or 'پرداخت و تسویه کردن'. Additionally, learners often forget the preposition 'با' (with) when settling with a person or entity. Saying 'من بانک را تسویه کردم' (I settled the bank) sounds like you settled the entire institution, whereas 'من با بانک تسویه کردم' (I settled with the bank) correctly identifies the party you reached an agreement with.
اشتباه: من بدهی را تصفیه کردم. (غلط) / درست: من بدهی را تسویه کردم. (صحیح)
Finally, there is a nuance in business contexts between 'پرداخت' (payment) and 'تسویه' (settlement). A payment is just the act of giving money, but a settlement is the finalization of the entire accounting process. You can make a payment without completing the settlement if there is still a balance left. Confusing these two can lead to misunderstandings in contractual obligations. Always ensure that if you mean the final clearing of a debt, you use 'تسویه'.
While تسویه is the standard term for settling accounts, several other words can be used depending on the nuance and register of the conversation. If you are specifically talking about paying money, پرداخت (Pardakht) is the most common alternative. However, 'پرداخت' only refers to the transfer of funds, while 'تسویه' refers to the result of that transfer—the leveling of the account. For a more formal or legal context regarding the resolution of a dispute, you might use حل و فصل (Hal-o-Fasl), which means 'resolution and settlement.' This is typically used for arguments, court cases, or diplomatic issues rather than financial bills.
- Comparison: تسویه vs. پرداخت
- 'پرداخت' is the 'paying'. 'تسویه' is the 'clearing'. You can have many 'پرداخت' (payments) until you finally reach 'تسویه' (settlement).
- Comparison: تسویه vs. تصفیه
- 'تسویه' (with 'س') = Leveling/Settling (from 'Sava'). 'تصفیه' (with 'ص') = Purifying/Filtering (from 'Safa').
In the context of finishing or finalizing something, you might use نهایی کردن (Nahayi kardan - to finalize). For example, 'نهایی کردن قرارداد' (finalizing the contract). If you are talking about clearing a debt specifically, the phrase صاف کردن بدهی (Saf kardan-e bedeh-hi) is a very common colloquial alternative. Here, 'Saf' means smooth or clear, similar to the English 'clearing a debt.' While 'تسویه' sounds professional and formal, 'صاف کردن' is what you would say to a friend or a local shopkeeper. Another related term is یر به یر (Yar-be-yar), an idiomatic expression meaning 'even' or 'square,' used when two people owe each other nothing after a trade or a bet.
ما با هم یر به یر شدیم؛ دیگر کسی به دیگری بدهکار نیست.
Lastly, in legal liquidation of a company, انحلال (Inhelal - dissolution) often goes hand-in-hand with 'تسویه'. While 'Inhelal' is the closing of the business entity, 'Tasviye' is the specific process of dealing with the remaining assets and liabilities. Understanding these synonyms and their specific domains—finance (پرداخت), legal (حل و فصل), colloquial (صاف کردن), and technical (انحلال)—will allow you to use 'تسویه' more accurately and recognize when a different word might be more appropriate.
发音指南
- Pronouncing it as 'Tas-vi-eh' with a hard 'h' at the end.
- Confusing the 's' sound with 'sh' (Tashviye), which is a different word.
- Mumbling the 'v' sound so it sounds like 'Tas-bi-ye'.
按水平分级的例句
من باید با مغازه تسویه کنم.
I must settle with the shop.
Simple subject + prepositional phrase + noun + verb.
حساب شما تسویه شد.
Your account is settled.
Passive construction using 'شد'.
پول را بده و تسویه کن.
Give the money and settle [the account].
Imperative mood.
تسویه حساب خیلی مهم است.
Settling the account is very important.
Noun phrase as a subject.
آیا تسویه کردی؟
Did you settle?
Simple past question.
ما امروز تسویه میکنیم.
We are settling today.
Present continuous meaning.
او با من تسویه نکرد.
He did not settle with me.
Negative past tense.
لطفاً تسویه کنید.
Please settle.
Polite imperative.
قبل از رفتن، با هتل تسویه حساب کنید.
Before leaving, settle the account with the hotel.
Use of 'قبل از' (before) with a gerund-like infinitive.
من تمام بدهیهایم را تسویه کردم.
I settled all my debts.
Plural object 'بدهیها'.
او برای تسویه قبض آب به بانک رفت.
He went to the bank to settle the water bill.
Purpose clause with 'برای'.
ما هنوز با صاحبخانه تسویه نکردهایم.
We haven't settled with the landlord yet.
Present perfect negative.
برگه تسویه حساب را امضا کن.
Sign the settlement paper.
Compound noun 'برگه تسویه حساب'.
او میخواهد حسابش را تسویه کند.
He wants to settle his account.
Modal verb 'میخواهد' + subjunctive.
تسویه حساب چقدر طول میکشد؟
How long does the settlement take?
Question about duration.
آنها با هم تسویه کردند و رفتند.
They settled with each other and left.
Sequential actions in the past.
شرکت موظف است با کارمندان تسویه کامل انجام دهد.
The company is obliged to perform a full settlement with the employees.
Adjective 'موظف' (obliged) + infinitive phrase.
بابت تسویه بدهی، یک چک به او دادم.
I gave him a check for the settlement of the debt.
Preposition 'بابت' (for/on account of).
او به دلیل عدم تسویه حساب، جریمه شد.
He was fined due to the lack of account settlement.
Reasoning with 'به دلیل' and negative noun 'عدم'.
پس از تسویه، رسید را نزد خود نگه دارید.
After settlement, keep the receipt with you.
Temporal clause with 'پس از'.
مدیر از من خواست تا با تأمینکنندگان تسویه کنم.
The manager asked me to settle with the suppliers.
Reported speech with 'خواست تا'.
این مبلغ برای تسویه نهایی فاکتور است.
This amount is for the final settlement of the invoice.
Use of 'نهایی' (final) as an adjective.
او تمام وامهایش را در یک سال تسویه کرد.
He settled all his loans in one year.
Time duration 'در یک سال'.
آیا شما با واحد مالی تسویه کردهاید؟
Have you settled with the finance department?
Formal address 'شما' with present perfect.
طرفین قرارداد بر سر تسویه مسالمتآمیز توافق کردند.
The parties to the contract agreed on a peaceful settlement.
Formal term 'طرفین' (parties).
دولت برای تسویه بدهیهای خارجی با چالش روبرو است.
The government faces challenges in settling foreign debts.
Idiom 'با چالش روبرو بودن'.
تسویه حسابهای سیاسی مانع از پیشرفت کار میشود.
Political score-settling prevents the progress of work.
Metaphorical usage of the word.
بورس تهران سیستم جدیدی برای تسویه معاملات راه انداخته است.
The Tehran Stock Exchange has launched a new system for transaction settlement.
Present perfect of the compound verb 'راه انداختن'.
حقوقدانان به دنبال راهی برای تسویه عادلانه خسارات هستند.
Legal experts are looking for a way for fair settlement of damages.
Noun 'خسارات' (damages/losses).
او با استفاده از ارثیه، تمام دیون خود را تسویه نمود.
Using the inheritance, he settled all his debts.
Formal verb 'نمود' instead of 'کرد'.
فرآیند تسویه حساب شرکتهای ورشکسته بسیار پیچیده است.
The settlement process for bankrupt companies is very complex.
Adjective 'ورشکسته' (bankrupt).
او به منظور تسویه حساب با گذشتهاش به زادگاهش بازگشت.
He returned to his birthplace in order to settle scores with his past.
Formal purpose phrase 'به منظور'.
مکانیسم تسویه در بازارهای مالی تضمینکننده ثبات اقتصادی است.
The settlement mechanism in financial markets guarantees economic stability.
Participial adjective 'تضمینکننده' (guaranteeing).
شورای امنیت خواستار تسویه فوری اختلافات مرزی شد.
The Security Council called for the immediate settlement of border disputes.
Formal verb 'خواستار شدن'.
او در کتاب خود به تسویه حسابهای تاریخی میان دو ملت میپردازد.
In his book, he addresses the historical score-settling between the two nations.
Verb 'پرداختن به' (to address/deal with).
مدیر تسویه وظیفه دارد داراییهای باقیمانده را میان طلبکاران تقسیم کند.
The liquidation manager is responsible for dividing the remaining assets among creditors.
Technical term 'مدیر تسویه'.
تسویه نهایی تراکنشها معمولاً چهل و هشت ساعت به طول میانجامد.
The final settlement of transactions usually takes forty-eight hours.
Formal verb 'به طول انجامیدن'.
عدم تسویه به موقع تعهدات میتواند منجر به ابطال قرارداد شود.
Failure to settle obligations on time can lead to the cancellation of the contract.
Noun 'ابطال' (cancellation/annulment).
این توافقنامه گامی بزرگ در جهت تسویه دعاوی حقوقی است.
This agreement is a major step toward settling legal claims.
Phrase 'در جهت' (towards/in the direction of).
او با رویکردی منطقی به تسویه تضادهای درونی خود رسید.
With a logical approach, he reached a settlement of his internal conflicts.
Abstract usage of 'تضادهای درونی' (internal conflicts).
تمایز ظریف میان تسویه و تصفیه در متون فقهی و حقوقی حائز اهمیت است.
The subtle distinction between 'Tasviye' and 'Tasfiye' is significant in jurisprudential and legal texts.
High-level phrase 'حائز اهمیت بودن'.
نظریه تسویه در حقوق بینالملل بر پایه برابری حاکمیتها استوار است.
The theory of settlement in international law is based on the equality of sovereignties.
Passive verb 'استوار است' (is based/founded).
او با بیانی فصیح به نقد تسویه حسابهای جناحی در بدنه دولت پرداخت.
With eloquent expression, he criticized the factional score-settling within the government body.
Adjective 'فصیح' (eloquent).
اتاق تسویه به عنوان واسط، ریسک طرف مقابل را در معاملات کاهش میدهد.
The clearing house, as an intermediary, reduces counterparty risk in transactions.
Economic term 'اتاق تسویه' (clearing house).
تسویه نهایی امور مالیاتی مستلزم ارائه اسناد مثبته است.
Final tax settlement requires the submission of supporting documents.
Formal word 'مستلزم' (requiring/necessitating).
در این رساله، نویسنده به تسویه آراء متضاد فلاسفه در باب عدالت میپردازد.
In this treatise, the author addresses the reconciliation of conflicting views of philosophers regarding justice.
Formal word 'رساله' (treatise/thesis).
هرگونه تعلل در تسویه وجوه امانی، پیگرد قانونی به همراه خواهد داشت.
Any delay in the settlement of escrow funds will entail legal prosecution.
Future tense with 'به همراه خواهد داشت'.
او با نگاهی هستیشناسانه، مرگ را تسویه نهایی انسان با جهان میدانست.
With an ontological view, he considered death to be man's final settlement with the world.
Philosophical adverb 'هستیشناسانه' (ontologically).
常见搭配
常用短语
— To settle an account with someone, or metaphorically, to get revenge.
بالاخره با او تسویه حساب کردم.
— The process a student follows to clear obligations before graduating.
تسویه حساب دانشجویی یک هفته زمان برد.
习语与表达
— To use a professional situation to settle a personal grudge.
او از این فرصت برای تسویه حساب شخصی استفاده کرد.
Informal/Critical— Meaning 'we are even' or 'we have no more issues with each other.'
دیگر با هم حرفی نداریم، حسابمان را تسویه کردیم.
Informal— Often used to mean someone has fulfilled their life's purpose or died (poetic).
او با مرگش، بدهیاش را به طبیعت تسویه کرد.
Literary— A violent revenge or settling of scores.
فیلم با یک تسویه حساب خونین به پایان رسید.
Journalistic/Dramatic— To reach a state of peace and lack of desire before death.
او قبل از مرگ با تمام دنیا تسویه کرده بود.
Philosophical— To clear one's conscience.
او برای تسویه حساب با وجدانش حقیقت را گفت.
Literary— To deal with small-time rivals or debts first.
اول باید حساب این خردهپاها را تسویه کنیم.
Colloquial/Gangster-style— Vigilante justice or street fighting to resolve issues.
آنها به جای دادگاه، به تسویه حساب در خیابان روی آوردند.
Journalistic— To settle something once and for all.
بیا این موضوع را یک بار برای همیشه تسویه کنیم.
Neutral— A play on the proverb 'حساب پاک را از محاسبه چه باک' (One with a clean account fears no audit).
وقتی حساب پاک باشد، تسویه راحت است.
ProverbialSummary
The word 'تسویه' (Tasviye) is your go-to term for 'settlement.' Whether you are paying off a bank loan (تسویه بدهی) or ending a conflict with a rival (تسویه حساب), it signifies that the balance has been brought to zero and the matter is closed.
- Tasviye means settling accounts or disputes.
- It comes from the root for 'equality' (making things even).
- Commonly used in banking, business, and legal contexts.
- Often confused with 'Tasfiye' (purification), but they are different.
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