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B1 verb #15,000 最常用 9分钟阅读

égrainer

例句 笔记与提示 égrainer 30秒了解
解析 égrainer in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to worry too much about 'égrainer' yet. It is a more specific word than you usually need. However, you might see it in a very simple recipe. Think of it as 'taking small things apart.' Imagine you have a bunch of grapes; when you take one grape off at a time, you are 'égraining.' It comes from the word 'grain' (seed/grain), which is a word you might already know. At this stage, just remember that it is a verb ending in -er, so it follows the same pattern as 'parler' or 'manger.' You would say 'J'égraine' for 'I am shelling' or 'I am separating.' It's a useful word if you enjoy cooking or gardening, but for basic survival French, you can usually just use 'préparer' or 'couper' until you feel more comfortable with specific actions.
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At the A2 level, you can start to use 'égrainer' in specific contexts like cooking or simple descriptions of nature. You might use it to describe how you prepare a salad with pomegranate seeds: 'J'égraine la grenade.' You should also be aware of the noun 'un grain' (a grain/seed), which helps you understand the verb. At this level, you might also see the reflexive form 's'égrainer.' For example, if you are watching a group of friends leave a party one by one, you could say, 'Les amis s'égrainent.' This shows you understand that the group is breaking into smaller 'grains' or individuals. It’s a great word to add to your vocabulary to sound more precise when talking about food or how people move in groups. Remember to use 'avoir' in the past tense: 'J'ai égrainé le maïs.'
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At the B1 level, you are expected to understand both the literal and common figurative uses of 'égrainer.' You should know that it means to shell or deseed (like corn or sunflowers) but also that it can describe the passage of time or the way someone speaks. For example, 'L'horloge égraine les secondes' (The clock counts off the seconds). This adds a poetic touch to your descriptions. You should also be able to distinguish 'égrainer' from 'écosser' (shelling peas). B1 learners should feel comfortable using this verb to describe a methodical process. If you are telling a story and you want to say that someone listed their reasons one by one, 'égrainer ses raisons' is a much more sophisticated choice than 'dire ses raisons.' It implies a specific rhythm and care in the delivery.
At the B2 level, you should master the nuances of 'égrainer' in various registers. You should be familiar with its use in music (to play notes clearly and distinctly) and in literature. You might encounter it in news reports where a journalist describes a politician 'égrainant ses promesses' (recounting their promises one by one). At this level, you should also understand the spelling variation 'égrener' and how it affects conjugation (the è in 'il égrène'). You can use the word to describe complex social movements, like a crowd dispersing after a demonstration ('la manifestation s'est égrainée dans le calme'). You should also be aware of the technical agricultural context, where it refers to the loss of grain during harvest. Using 'égrainer' instead of simpler verbs like 'donner' or 'partir' shows a high level of vocabulary enrichment and an appreciation for French imagery.
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At the C1 level, 'égrainer' becomes a tool for stylistic precision. You can use it to describe the 'pearly' quality of a musical performance or the rhythmic delivery of a poem. You should be able to use it in professional or academic contexts to describe a point-by-point analysis or the breakdown of a complex data set into individual components. For a C1 learner, the word evokes a specific 'cadence.' You might use it in an essay to describe how an author 'égraine les indices' (scatters/reveals clues one by one) throughout a mystery novel. You should also be comfortable with the reflexive 's'égrainer' in more abstract senses, such as 'les espoirs qui s'égrainent' (hopes that fade away one by one). Your mastery of this word indicates an ability to handle the delicate balance between technical accuracy and metaphorical elegance.
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At the C2 level, 'égrainer' is part of a sophisticated vocabulary used to convey subtle textures and rhythms. You might use it in a critique of a classical concert to describe the 'égrainage' of a harpsichord's notes. You understand the deep etymological connection to the Latin 'granum' and how this informs its use across centuries of French literature, from agricultural treatises to modern existentialist prose. A C2 speaker might use 'égrainer' to describe the erosion of a political party's influence or the meticulous deconstruction of a philosophical argument. You are aware of the rarest uses, such as in maritime contexts or specific industrial processes. At this level, the word is no longer just a verb; it is a way to describe the very nature of sequence and separation in the world, used with total precision and stylistic flair.
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例句 笔记与提示

égrainer 30秒了解

  • To remove grains or seeds from a plant or fruit (e.g., corn, pomegranate).
  • To list or recount items, memories, or arguments one by one in a rhythmic way.
  • To play musical notes clearly and distinctly, like a string of pearls.
  • When a group of people or things disperses slowly and individually.

The French verb égrainer (also frequently spelled égrener) is a multifaceted term that primarily describes the action of removing seeds or grains from a stalk, a pod, or a cluster. At its most literal level, it is a word born from the soil and the kitchen. When a farmer separates wheat from the chaff or a cook pulls individual grapes from a bunch to prepare a tart, they are performing the act of égrainage. However, the beauty of the French language lies in its ability to take a physical labor and transform it into a poetic or organizational concept. Beyond the field, égrainer refers to the rhythmic, one-by-one release or counting of items, such as the seconds of a clock ticking away or a singer articulating every note in a complex melody.

The Agricultural Root
In farming, this verb is essential for describing the harvest of maize, sunflowers, or legumes. It implies a meticulous separation, ensuring each grain is preserved while the structural housing—the cob or the pod—is discarded. It is a process of extraction and isolation.
The Metaphorical Flow
When applied to time or events, the word takes on a melancholic or precise quality. To égrainer les souvenirs (to recount memories one by one) suggests a slow, deliberate revisiting of the past, much like handling beads on a rosary. It evokes a sense of sequence and inevitability.

Le vieux paysan passait ses après-midis à égrainer le maïs pour nourrir les poules, un geste qu'il répétait depuis son enfance.

— Translation: The old farmer spent his afternoons shelling corn to feed the chickens, a gesture he had repeated since childhood.

In a modern context, you might encounter this word in culinary blogs where a chef explains how to égrainer une grenade (to deseed a pomegranate) without making a mess. The technique is specific: it is not about crushing, but about releasing the individual arils. This distinction is crucial for learners; égrainer is about maintaining the integrity of the individual unit while breaking down the whole. It is the opposite of grinding or mashing.

L'horloge du clocher semble égrainer les heures avec une lenteur insupportable aujourd'hui.

— Translation: The church clock seems to count off the hours with an unbearable slowness today.
Musical Context
In musicology, a pianist might égrainer des notes. This implies a staccato or pearly touch where each note is distinct and clear, like a string of pearls falling onto a glass table. It is a mark of technical precision and clarity.

Ultimately, whether you are talking about agriculture, cooking, music, or the passage of time, égrainer conveys a sense of meticulous separation and sequential delivery. It is a word that requires attention to detail, transforming a bulk mass into a series of individual, significant parts.

Using égrainer effectively requires understanding its transitivity. It is a transitive verb, meaning it almost always takes a direct object—the thing being separated or counted. Whether you are in a kitchen or writing a poem, the structure remains consistent: [Subject] + [égrainer] + [Direct Object].

Literal Usage (Physical Objects)
When dealing with food or plants, the verb describes the physical detachment of seeds.
Example: Pour cette recette, il faut égrainer la grappe de raisin avant de la mixer. (For this recipe, you must pluck the grapes from the bunch before blending them.)

Il est important d'égrainer soigneusement les fleurs de lavande pour en faire des sachets parfumés.

— Using the verb to describe harvesting lavender seeds for sachets.
Figurative Usage (Time and Lists)
In a more abstract sense, it describes the act of listing or experiencing things one by one.
Example: Le témoin a commencé à égrainer ses souvenirs devant le juge. (The witness began to recount his memories one by one before the judge.)

La chanteuse de jazz aimait égrainer les paroles de sa chanson comme s'il s'agissait de confidences.

— Describing a delicate vocal delivery.

In the pronominal form, s'égrainer, the verb describes a group that is dispersing or thinning out. Imagine a crowd leaving a stadium after a match; they don't leave all at once in a block, but rather trickle out in small groups or individuals. La foule s'égraine lentement dans les rues adjacentes. (The crowd thins out slowly into the adjacent streets.) This usage is particularly evocative for describing movement that loses its density over time.

Common Grammatical Patterns
  • Égrainer quelque chose : To shell/remove seeds from something.
  • S'égrainer : To disperse or fall one by one.
  • Égrainer un chapelet : To say one's rosary beads.

Finally, pay attention to the tense. In the passé composé, it uses avoir: J'ai égrainé. It is a regular -er verb, making its conjugation predictable, though the spelling variant égrener may require a grave accent (è) in certain forms (e.g., il égrène), whereas égrainer remains consistent with its 'ai' stem.

While égrainer might seem like a technical term, it appears in a surprising variety of everyday and specialized contexts. Understanding where you’ll hear it helps you grasp its social register and practical utility.

1. The Culinary World
If you watch French cooking shows like Top Chef France or follow recipes on Marmiton, you will hear this word constantly. It is the standard term for preparing pomegranates, redcurrants (groseilles), or even separating grains of couscous so they aren't clumpy. A chef might say, "Il faut égrainer la semoule à la fourchette" (You must separate the couscous grains with a fork).

Dans cette vidéo, je vais vous montrer comment égrainer une grenade sans tacher votre tablier.

— A typical opening line for a cooking tutorial.
2. Literature and Poetry
French authors love the rhythmic quality of this verb. It is used to describe the passage of time or the delivery of a long list of items. In a novel, you might read about a character égrainant les jours (counting down the days) until a loved one returns. It conveys a sense of patience and the weight of each individual unit of time.

Le ministre a passé une heure à égrainer les nouveaux chiffres du chômage lors de sa conférence de presse.

— Describing a government official listing unemployment figures.
3. Religious and Spiritual Contexts
Because of its association with the rosary (le chapelet), you will hear this word in religious settings. To égrainer son chapelet is the standard expression for saying one's prayers while moving fingers from bead to bead. Even in secular life, this has become a metaphor for doing something repetitive and meditative.

Finally, in rural areas of France, particularly during the harvest season (les moissons), the word remains a staple of agricultural vocabulary. Whether it’s talking about the efficiency of a machine or the quality of the grain, égrainer is the verb of choice for the transition from plant to produce.

Even for intermediate learners, égrainer can present a few traps, primarily related to spelling, synonym confusion, and improper metaphorical application.

1. The Spelling Dilemma: Égrainer vs. Égrener
This is perhaps the most common source of confusion. Both spellings are correct. However, égrener is the traditional spelling, while égrainer is the modern spelling recommended by the 1990 reforms. The trap is in the conjugation of égrener: it changes the 'e' to 'è' in certain forms (e.g., j'égrène), whereas égrainer stays consistent (j'égraine). Pick one and be consistent!

Faux : Il faut égrainer les petits pois.

— Correct : Il faut écosser les petits pois. (See below for why).
2. Confusion with 'Écosser'
Learners often use égrainer for all types of shelling. However, French is very specific. Use écosser for peas, beans, and anything that comes in a cosse (pod). Use égrainer for things that are grains (corn, grapes, pomegranate seeds, wheat). Using the wrong one sounds slightly 'off' to a native ear.
3. Overusing the Figurative Meaning
While you can égrainer des souvenirs or des heures, you shouldn't use it for just any list. If you are quickly listing grocery items, use énumérer or lister. Égrainer implies a certain rhythm, slowness, or poetic weight. If the list is functional and fast, égrainer is too 'heavy' a word.

Another minor mistake is confusing égrainer with grignoter (to nibble). While both involve small movements of the hands or mouth with food, they are entirely different actions. Égrainer is a preparation or a sequential release; grignoter is an act of consumption.

To truly master égrainer, you must know its neighbors. French has a rich vocabulary for 'breaking things down' or 'separating parts,' and choosing the right synonym can elevate your fluency.

Égrainer vs. Écosser
Écosser: Specifically for removing vegetables from pods (peas, broad beans).
Égrainer: For removing seeds/grains from a cluster or cob (corn, pomegranate, grapes).
Égrainer vs. Énumérer
Énumérer: A neutral, often administrative term for listing things (1, 2, 3...).
Égrainer: A more evocative, rhythmic way of listing things, often implying they are being 'released' one by one into the air or the conversation.

Au lieu de simplement énumérer ses exploits, il a préféré les égrainer comme des anecdotes précieuses tout au long de la soirée.

— Comparison: Instead of just listing his feats, he preferred to 'shell' them out like precious anecdotes throughout the evening.
Other Alternatives
  • Décortiquer: To shell (nuts, shrimp) or to analyze something in great detail. It implies removing a hard outer layer.
  • Dépouiller: To strip (a tree of leaves, or a person of clothes/possessions). More aggressive than the delicate égrainer.
  • S'effilocher: Often used for fabric fraying, but figuratively can describe a group dispersing, similar to s'égrainer.

Choosing between these words depends on the texture of the object and the intent of the action. Égrainer is your go-to for small, granular items or for creating a rhythmic, delicate atmosphere in your speech or writing.

趣味小知识

The word is so closely tied to the image of 'grains' that it is used for everything from corn to the beads of a rosary, which are called 'grains de chapelet' in French.

发音指南

UK /e.ɡʁɛ.ne/
US /e.ɡʁɛ.ne/
In French, the stress is generally on the last syllable: e-grai-NER.
押韵词
donner aimer chanter manger traîner dîner gagner baigner
常见错误
  • Pronouncing the final 'r' (it should be silent).
  • Pronouncing 'ai' as 'eye' (it should be 'eh').
  • Confusing the 'é' and 'ai' sounds; they are very similar in some regions.
  • Over-stressing the first syllable.
  • Failing to uvularize the 'r'.
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按水平分级的例句

1

J'aime égrainer le maïs.

I like to shell the corn.

Simple present tense with a regular -er verb.

2

Il faut égrainer les raisins.

You must pluck the grapes.

Use of 'il faut' followed by the infinitive.

3

Elle égraine la grenade.

She is deseeding the pomegranate.

Third person singular present.

4

Nous égrainons les fleurs.

We are removing the seeds from the flowers.

First person plural present.

5

Peux-tu égrainer ce maïs ?

Can you shell this corn?

Question form with 'peux-tu'.

6

Je n'aime pas égrainer les fruits.

I don't like to deseed fruits.

Negative construction 'ne... pas'.

7

Ils égrainent les tournesols.

They are deseeding the sunflowers.

Third person plural present.

8

C'est facile d'égrainer ça.

It's easy to shell that.

Expression 'c'est facile de' + infinitive.

1

Le cuisinier doit égrainer la semoule.

The cook must separate the couscous grains.

Modal verb 'doit' followed by infinitive.

2

Les enfants s'égrainent dans la cour.

The children are scattering in the courtyard.

Reflexive verb 's'égrainer' meaning to disperse.

3

J'ai égrainé toutes les groseilles pour la confiture.

I removed all the redcurrants from their stems for the jam.

Passé composé with 'avoir'.

4

Il égrainait son chapelet tous les soirs.

He used to say his rosary every evening.

Imparfait for a habitual action.

5

On va égrainer les épis de maïs demain.

We are going to shell the corn cobs tomorrow.

Futur proche with 'aller' + infinitive.

6

Pourquoi s'égrainent-ils si vite ?

Why are they dispersing so quickly?

Interrogative reflexive form.

7

Elle a égrainé les souvenirs de ses vacances.

She recounted the memories of her vacation one by one.

Figurative use in the past tense.

8

Il ne faut pas égrainer les raisins trop fort.

You shouldn't pluck the grapes too hard.

Negative 'il ne faut pas'.

1

L'horloge égraine les secondes dans le silence de la nuit.

The clock counts off the seconds in the silence of the night.

Poetic use of the present tense.

2

Le conférencier a commencé à égrainer ses arguments.

The speaker began to list his arguments one by one.

Metaphorical use for listing items.

3

Après le concert, la foule s'égraine lentement vers le métro.

After the concert, the crowd thins out slowly toward the subway.

Reflexive use describing a group dispersing.

4

Il est méticuleux quand il égraine les baies sauvages.

He is meticulous when he removes the seeds from the wild berries.

Adjective 'méticuleux' modifying the subject.

5

Nous avons passé l'après-midi à égrainer des haricots secs.

We spent the afternoon shelling dried beans.

Expression 'passer du temps à' + infinitive.

6

La pluie égraine ses gouttes sur le toit en zinc.

The rain drops its beads on the zinc roof.

Personification of rain using 'égrainer'.

7

Elle aime égrainer les notes sur son piano.

She likes to play the notes distinctly on her piano.

Musical context for clarity of play.

8

Il a égrainé les noms des gagnants avec suspense.

He read out the names of the winners one by one with suspense.

Passé composé showing a completed sequence.

1

Le ministre s'est mis à égrainer une série de mesures économiques.

The minister began to list a series of economic measures.

Reflexive 'se mettre à' + infinitive.

2

Les manifestants s'égrainaient au fur et à mesure que la pluie tombait.

The protesters were dispersing as the rain began to fall.

Imparfait used with 'au fur et à mesure que'.

3

Ce poème égraine les jours de l'année avec une grande mélancolie.

This poem counts off the days of the year with great melancholy.

Literary use in the present tense.

4

Il faut égrainer la semoule pour qu'elle reste légère et aérée.

You must separate the grains of couscous so that it stays light and airy.

Subjunctive 'pour que' + 'elle reste'.

5

La chanteuse égraine les paroles comme s'il s'agissait de secrets.

The singer delivers the lyrics as if they were secrets.

Comparison using 'comme si' + imparfait.

6

Le temps semble égrainer nos vies sans que nous nous en apercevions.

Time seems to count off our lives without us noticing.

Subjunctive 'sans que' + 'nous nous en apercevions'.

7

Elle a égrainé son chapelet en silence pendant toute la cérémonie.

She said her rosary in silence throughout the ceremony.

Preposition 'pendant' indicating duration.

8

Les oiseaux égrainent les baies du houx en hiver.

The birds pick off the holly berries in winter.

Subject-verb agreement with plural 'oiseaux'.

1

L'écrivain égraine les indices avec une parcimonie calculée.

The writer reveals clues with a calculated stinginess.

Use of 'parcimonie' to describe the manner of the action.

2

Les notes de la sonate s'égrainaient comme des perles de cristal.

The notes of the sonata were falling like crystal pearls.

Simile used to describe musical texture.

3

Il a passé sa vie à égrainer des regrets au lieu de construire l'avenir.

He spent his life dwelling on regrets one by one instead of building the future.

Abstract metaphorical use with 'regrets'.

4

La structure du parti s'égraine suite aux récentes polémiques.

The party structure is crumbling/thinning out following recent controversies.

Figurative use for institutional decline.

5

Il égraine ses anecdotes avec un talent de conteur hors pair.

He recounts his anecdotes with an unparalleled storytelling talent.

Idiom 'hors pair' meaning unparalleled.

6

Les jours s'égrainent, monotones et gris, dans cette ville industrielle.

The days pass by, monotonous and gray, in this industrial city.

Adjectives 'monotones et gris' modifying 'les jours'.

7

Le pianiste sait égrainer les accords les plus complexes avec une clarté absolue.

The pianist knows how to articulate the most complex chords with absolute clarity.

Infinitive following the verb 'savoir'.

8

Elle égraine les perles de son collier cassé sur le parquet.

She is picking up/counting the pearls of her broken necklace on the floor.

Literal use in a dramatic context.

1

L'œuvre de Proust égraine les intermittences du cœur avec une précision chirurgicale.

Proust's work recounts the intermittencies of the heart with surgical precision.

Highly academic/literary subject matter.

2

La mémoire, ce sablier qui égraine l'oubli autant que le souvenir.

Memory, that hourglass that counts off forgetting as much as remembering.

Philosophical metaphor.

3

On entendait le glas égrainer sa plainte funèbre sur la vallée.

One could hear the death knell tolling its funeral lament over the valley.

Auditory imagery with 'égrainer'.

4

La rhétorique du candidat consiste à égrainer des promesses sans jamais les lier entre elles.

The candidate's rhetoric consists of listing promises without ever linking them together.

Political analysis using the verb.

5

Les constellations semblent égrainer leur lumière froide sur l'immensité du désert.

The constellations seem to scatter their cold light over the vastness of the desert.

Cosmic imagery.

6

Le temps égraine inexorablement le capital de jeunesse de chaque être humain.

Time inexorably counts off the capital of youth of every human being.

Adverb 'inexorablement' used for emphasis.

7

Il s'agit d'égrainer les faits, de les isoler pour mieux les analyser.

It is a matter of separating the facts, isolating them to better analyze them.

Infinitive phrase acting as a subject.

8

Chaque mot qu'elle prononçait semblait s'égrainer dans l'air comme une sentence.

Every word she spoke seemed to drop into the air like a sentence/judgment.

Simile 'comme une sentence'.

常见搭配

égrainer un chapelet
égrainer les secondes
égrainer des notes
égrainer une grenade
égrainer des souvenirs
égrainer le maïs
égrainer des arguments
s'égrainer dans la rue
égrainer les jours
égrainer la semoule

常用短语

Égrainer ses jours

— To live out one's days one by one, often implying boredom or routine.

Il égraine ses jours dans ce petit village.

Égrainer des perles

— Literally picking up pearls, or figuratively playing music beautifully.

Ses doigts semblent égrainer des perles sur le clavier.

S'égrainer comme un chapelet

— To happen or follow in a long, predictable sequence.

Les catastrophes s'égrainent comme un chapelet.

Égrainer la groseille

— A specific culinary task of removing redcurrants from their stems.

Ma grand-mère passait des heures à égrainer la groseille.

Égrainer les heures

— To count the hours, usually while waiting for something.

Elle égraine les heures jusqu'à son départ.

Égrainer ses péchés

— To list one's sins, often in a religious confession context.

Il est allé égrainer ses péchés au confessionnal.

Égrainer la grappe

— To pick grapes one by one from the bunch.

Il faut égrainer la grappe avant de laver les fruits.

Égrainer le tournesol

— To harvest the seeds from a sunflower head.

Les enfants adorent égrainer le tournesol à la main.

Égrainer des chiffres

— To list statistics or numbers in a presentation.

Le présentateur égraine les chiffres du chômage.

S'égrainer en route

— When members of a group drop out or get lost along the way.

Les marcheurs se sont égrainés en route.

习语与表达

"Égrainer son chapelet"

— To recite prayers, but also used to describe someone telling a long, repetitive story.

Il nous a encore égrainé son chapelet de malheurs.

neutral
"Égrainer ses souvenirs"

— To recall past events slowly and in detail.

Au coin du feu, il aimait égrainer ses souvenirs de guerre.

literary
"Égrainer des notes de musique"

— To play musical notes with great clarity and separation.

Le clavecin égraine des notes légères.

formal
"S'égrainer comme un collier de perles"

— To disperse or break apart in a sequential, often beautiful or sad way.

Leurs espoirs se sont égrainés comme un collier de perles rompu.

literary
"Égrainer les secondes"

— To emphasize the slow and painful passage of time.

L'horloge égraine les secondes qui nous séparent de l'adieu.

poetic
"Égrainer une litanie"

— To repeat a long and boring list of complaints or requests.

Elle a égrainé une litanie de reproches.

informal
"Égrainer la semoule"

— Commonly used in cooking, but can metaphorically mean to clarify a situation.

Il faut égrainer les faits pour y voir clair.

neutral
"Égrainer le temps"

— To spend time doing something repetitive.

Il égraine le temps en regardant les passants.

neutral
"Égrainer les noms"

— To call out names from a list, often in a solemn context.

Le maire égraine les noms des soldats morts pour la France.

formal
"S'égrainer au vent"

— To be scattered by the wind, often used for seeds or hopes.

Ses promesses se sont égrainées au vent.

poetic

词族

名词

égrainage (the act of shelling)
égraineuse (a machine for shelling)
grain (grain/seed)
grainier (a seed merchant)

动词

égrainer
grainer (to produce seeds)
engrainer (to feed grain into a machine)

形容词

égrainé (shelled)
grainé (textured like grain)
granuleux (granular)

相关

écosser
décortiquer
éplucher
semer
récolter
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记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Egg-Rain'. Imagine an egg cracking open and seeds falling out like rain. This 'Egg-Rain' is the act of 'égrainer'—releasing individual grains/seeds.

视觉联想

Visualize a hand slowly pulling grapes off a bunch or a clock whose numbers fall off one by one like seeds. This sequential falling is 'égrainer'.

词源

Derived from the Old French 'esgrener', which comes from the prefix 'es-' (out of/away) and 'grain' (grain). The word 'grain' itself stems from the Latin 'granum'.

原始含义： To remove the grain from its husk or stalk.

Romance (Latin root)
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