indemnité 30秒了解
- Indemnité: Formal payment for loss, damage, or expense.
- Used in legal, insurance, and employment contexts.
- Examples: severance pay, mileage allowance, insurance payout.
- Always a feminine noun.
- Meaning
- An indemnity is a sum of money paid to compensate for a loss, damage, or expense. It's a formal term, often used in legal, financial, and insurance contexts, but it can also refer to allowances or reimbursements for specific costs.
- Usage
- You'll encounter 'indemnité' when discussing insurance claims, legal settlements, employment benefits, or any situation where financial compensation is provided for a predefined reason. It signifies a formal agreement to cover costs or losses.
The company offered a significant indemnité to cover the damages.
- Types of Indemnities
- Common types include indemnité de licenciement (severance pay), indemnité journalière (daily allowance, often for sickness), indemnité kilométrique (mileage allowance), and indemnité compensatrice (compensatory payment).
She received an indemnité for her travel expenses.
- Contexts
- This word is prevalent in labor law, insurance policies, and contractual agreements. For example, an employer might pay an 'indemnité' to an employee who is made redundant, or an insurance company might pay an 'indemnité' after an accident.
The legal agreement stipulated a specific indemnité in case of breach of contract.
- Employment Context
- In France, employees are often entitled to an indemnité de licenciement when their employment is terminated by the employer, provided they meet certain criteria regarding seniority. This is a legally mandated payment designed to soften the financial impact of job loss.
After fifteen years with the company, he was eligible for a substantial indemnité de licenciement.
- Insurance Claims
- When you file an insurance claim, the payment you receive to cover your losses is often referred to as an indemnité. This applies to car accidents, home damages, or even health-related expenses not fully covered by a national health plan.
The insurance company finally approved the indemnité for the flood damage.
- Business Expenses
- Businesses may offer employees an indemnité kilométrique to reimburse them for using their personal vehicle for work-related travel. This helps cover fuel, maintenance, and depreciation.
Please submit your mileage reports to claim your indemnité kilométrique.
- Legal Settlements
- In civil lawsuits, a settlement might involve one party paying an indemnité to the other to resolve the dispute and avoid further legal proceedings. This payment acknowledges and compensates for a wrong or loss.
The court ordered an indemnité for moral damages.
- Daily Allowances
- In some situations, like extended business trips or temporary disability, a daily allowance or indemnité journalière might be provided to cover living expenses or lost income.
She received an indemnité journalière during her recovery period.
- Legal and Administrative Settings
- You'll most frequently hear 'indemnité' in formal settings such as courtrooms, lawyer's offices, insurance company meetings, and administrative hearings. Discussions about legal settlements, compensation for damages, or contractual obligations often involve this term. For instance, a lawyer might explain the potential indemnité their client could receive.
The judge reviewed the evidence to determine the appropriate indemnité.
- Employment Negotiations and Contracts
- In the realm of employment, particularly for higher-level positions or when discussing termination, 'indemnité' is common. This includes discussions around severance pay (indemnité de licenciement), bonuses, or compensation for overtime. HR departments and union representatives frequently use this term.
The employment contract detailed the indemnité provided in case of early termination.
- Insurance Industry
- Insurance adjusters, agents, and policyholders discussing claims will use 'indemnité'. Whether it's for a damaged vehicle, a house fire, or a medical procedure, the payout is the indemnité. You'll see it in policy documents and claim reports.
The insurer calculated the indemnité based on the repair costs.
- Business Travel and Reimbursements
- In corporate settings, employees might discuss receiving an indemnité for expenses incurred while traveling for work, such as mileage (indemnité kilométrique) or daily living costs (indemnité journalière). Company finance departments often handle these payments.
The policy states that employees are entitled to an indemnité for official travel.
- Confusing with 'Compensation' in General
- While 'indemnité' often translates to 'compensation,' it carries a more specific and formal meaning. Using 'indemnité' for casual compensation, like thanking someone for a favor, would sound overly formal and out of place. Stick to 'merci' or 'remerciements' in such cases. 'Indemnité' implies a formal entitlement or agreement to cover a loss or expense.
Incorrect: J'ai reçu une indemnité pour ton aide.
Correct: J'ai reçu une reconnaissance pour ton aide. (or simply 'Merci beaucoup!')
- Overuse in Informal Contexts
- 'Indemnité' is not a word you'd typically use in everyday chat with friends or family unless discussing specific financial or legal matters related to them. Using it for everyday reimbursements might sound unnecessarily bureaucratic. For instance, if a friend pays for your coffee and you pay them back, you wouldn't say 'Je te donne une indemnité'. 'Remboursement' is more appropriate.
Incorrect: Je te dois une indemnité pour le dîner.
Correct: Je te dois un remboursement pour le dîner.
- Misunderstanding its Specificity
- 'Indemnité' is not just any payment; it's a payment made under specific conditions, usually outlined in a contract, law, or policy, to cover a particular loss or expense. Confusing it with a simple gift or bonus is a mistake. A bonus is a reward, while an indemnity is a form of restitution or coverage.
Incorrect: Le patron m'a donné une indemnité pour mon bon travail.
Correct: Le patron m'a donné une prime pour mon bon travail.
- Grammatical Gender
- 'Indemnité' is a feminine noun. Forgetting to use feminine articles (une, la) or adjectives can be a grammatical error. Ensure you use 'une indemnité' or 'l'indemnité' rather than 'un indemnité' or 'le indemnité'.
Incorrect: J'ai reçu un indemnité.
Correct: J'ai reçu une indemnité.
- Indemnité vs. Compensation
- While 'indemnité' can be translated as 'compensation,' it's generally more formal and specific. 'Compensation' in English can be broader, covering anything from a salary to a thank-you payment. In French, 'compensation' as a direct translation isn't used in the same way for this concept. 'Indemnité' specifically refers to a payment for loss, damage, or expense, often under a legal or contractual obligation.
- Indemnité vs. Remboursement
- 'Remboursement' means reimbursement, which is a type of indemnity, but typically for expenses that have already been paid out by the individual. For example, 'remboursement des frais' (reimbursement of expenses). An 'indemnité' can be a pre-agreed sum for potential loss or damage, not necessarily tied to an upfront expense paid by the recipient.
- Indemnité vs. Allocation
- 'Allocation' often refers to a regular allowance or grant, such as child benefits ('allocation familiale') or housing assistance ('allocation logement'). While some types of 'indemnité' can function like allowances (e.g., 'indemnité journalière'), 'indemnité' is more strongly linked to covering a specific loss or expense, whereas 'allocation' is often for ongoing support or specific categories of need.
- Indemnité vs. Prime
- A 'prime' is typically a bonus or an extra payment, often performance-related or a reward. An 'indemnité' is compensation for a loss or expense. You might receive a 'prime' for exceeding sales targets, but an 'indemnité' for damages caused by a faulty product.
- Indemnité vs. Dommage-intérêt
- 'Dommage-intérêt' (plural 'dommages-intérêts') is a legal term referring to monetary damages awarded by a court to compensate for harm or injury. It's a specific type of indemnity awarded in cases of civil liability. While an 'indemnité' can be a 'dommage-intérêt', not all 'indemnités' are awarded by a court; some are contractual or statutory.
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The root 'damnum' (damage) is also related to the English word 'condemn'. The concept of being 'indemne' is to be free from this 'damnum'.
发音指南
- Pronouncing the 'n' in 'an' too strongly as a separate consonant.
- Not nasalizing the 'an' sound.
- Misplacing the stress.
- Pronouncing the final 'e' as a short 'uh' sound instead of 'ay'.
难度评级
Understanding 'indemnité' in reading requires familiarity with formal French, particularly in legal, financial, and employment contexts. Texts using this word are often dense and specialized, demanding attention to nuance and specific terminology.
Using 'indemnité' correctly in writing requires understanding its formal register and precise meaning. Incorrect usage can make writing sound awkward or unprofessional. Mastering its specific collocations and grammatical structures is key.
While 'indemnité' is less common in casual spoken French, it's crucial for formal discussions. Learners need to be aware of the appropriate contexts and pronunciation to use it effectively without sounding out of place.
Recognizing 'indemnité' in spoken French is important for understanding formal announcements, news reports, or professional conversations. Its pronunciation and context are key to comprehension.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Feminine Nouns and Agreement
'Indemnité' is a feminine noun. Ensure that articles and adjectives agree with it: 'une indemnité juste', 'l'indemnité versée'.
Prepositions with 'Indemnité'
Common prepositions used with 'indemnité' are 'de' (to specify the type) and 'pour' (to specify the purpose): 'indemnité de licenciement', 'indemnité pour frais'.
Verbs Commonly Used with 'Indemnité'
Verbs like 'verser' (to pay), 'recevoir' (to receive), 'demander' (to ask for), and 'avoir droit à' (to be entitled to) are frequently used with 'indemnité': 'Il a droit à une indemnité.'
Past Participle Agreement
When 'indemnité' is the direct object of 'avoir' and precedes it, the past participle agrees: 'L'indemnité qu'elle a reçue était importante.' (The indemnity that she received was significant.)
Compound Nouns and Phrases
'Indemnité' often forms compound phrases indicating specific types: 'indemnité kilométrique', 'indemnité journalière'.
按水平分级的例句
Je reçois de l'argent pour mon voyage.
I receive money for my trip.
Simple present tense, basic vocabulary.
L'entreprise me donne de l'argent pour le train.
The company gives me money for the train.
Direct object pronoun 'me', basic verb 'donner'.
C'est pour mes frais.
It's for my expenses.
Possessive adjective 'mes'.
J'ai perdu mon billet, mais ils me donnent de l'argent.
I lost my ticket, but they give me money.
Past tense 'perdu', conjunction 'mais'.
L'assurance m'aide un peu.
The insurance helps me a little.
Basic verb 'aider', adverb 'un peu'.
C'est un paiement pour le dommage.
It's a payment for the damage.
Demonstrative adjective 'un'.
L'employeur paie pour les kilomètres.
The employer pays for the kilometers.
Possessive adjective 'les'.
Elle a reçu de l'argent parce qu'elle est malade.
She received money because she is sick.
Past tense 'reçu', conjunction 'parce que'.
L'entreprise verse une indemnité de licenciement à ses employés.
The company pays severance pay to its employees.
'verser' (to pay/deposit), noun phrase 'indemnité de licenciement'.
Elle a reçu une indemnité pour ses frais de déplacement.
She received an allowance for her travel expenses.
Past tense 'reçu', prepositional phrase 'pour ses frais de déplacement'.
Le montant de l'indemnité sera déterminé par le contrat.
The amount of the indemnity will be determined by the contract.
Future tense 'sera déterminé', noun phrase 'le montant de l'indemnité'.
En cas d'accident, l'assurance verse une indemnité.
In case of an accident, the insurance pays an indemnity.
Prepositional phrase 'En cas d'', present tense 'verse'.
Il a droit à une indemnité journalière pendant sa convalescence.
He is entitled to a daily allowance during his recovery.
'avoir droit à' (to be entitled to), temporal phrase 'pendant sa convalescence'.
L'indemnité compensera la perte subie.
The indemnity will compensate for the loss incurred.
Future tense 'compensera', noun phrase 'la perte subie'.
Le syndicat négocie une meilleure indemnité pour les heures supplémentaires.
The union is negotiating a better allowance for overtime hours.
Present continuous idea with 'négocie', noun phrase 'heures supplémentaires'.
Elle demande une indemnité pour le préjudice moral.
She is asking for compensation for moral damages.
Verb 'demande', noun phrase 'préjudice moral'.
La convention collective prévoit une indemnité de départ à la retraite.
The collective agreement provides for a retirement indemnity.
Noun phrase 'convention collective', verb 'prévoit'.
Le montant de l'indemnité d'assurance est basé sur l'évaluation des dégâts.
The amount of the insurance indemnity is based on the damage assessment.
Noun phrase 'indemnité d'assurance', verb 'est basé sur'.
Il a fallu négocier âprement pour obtenir une indemnité juste.
It was necessary to negotiate fiercely to obtain a fair indemnity.
Impersonal expression 'Il a fallu', adverb 'âprement'.
L'entreprise a versé une indemnité compensatrice suite à la suppression du poste.
The company paid a compensatory indemnity following the elimination of the position.
Prepositional phrase 'suite à', noun phrase 'suppression du poste'.
Les victimes réclament une indemnité pour les souffrances endurées.
The victims are claiming indemnity for the suffering endured.
Verb 'réclament', past participle used as adjective 'endurées'.
Elle a reçu une indemnité kilométrique pour l'utilisation de son véhicule personnel.
She received a mileage allowance for the use of her personal vehicle.
Noun phrase 'indemnité kilométrique', prepositional phrase 'pour l'utilisation de'.
Le contrat stipule les conditions d'attribution de cette indemnité.
The contract stipulates the conditions for granting this indemnity.
Verb 'stipule', noun phrase 'conditions d'attribution'.
Une indemnité forfaitaire est prévue pour les frais de représentation.
A lump-sum indemnity is provided for representation expenses.
Adjective 'forfaitaire', noun phrase 'frais de représentation'.
La jurisprudence a établi un précédent concernant l'octroi d'une indemnité pour préjudice écologique.
Case law has established a precedent regarding the granting of indemnity for ecological damage.
Noun phrase 'jurisprudence', 'octroi d'une indemnité', 'préjudice écologique'.
Le montant de l'indemnité de rupture conventionnelle est calculé selon des barèmes précis.
The amount of the negotiated termination indemnity is calculated according to precise scales.
Noun phrase 'rupture conventionnelle', 'barèmes précis'.
Il est essentiel de bien comprendre les clauses relatives à l'indemnité d'assurance avant de signer le contrat.
It is essential to fully understand the clauses relating to the insurance indemnity before signing the contract.
Verb 'comprendre', noun phrase 'clauses relatives à'.
L'État peut être tenu de verser une indemnité en cas d'expropriation pour cause d'utilité publique.
The State may be required to pay an indemnity in case of expropriation for public utility.
Modal verb 'peut être tenu de', noun phrase 'expropriation pour cause d'utilité publique'.
La dépréciation du bien justifie le versement d'une indemnité complémentaire.
The depreciation of the asset justifies the payment of a complementary indemnity.
Noun phrase 'dépréciation du bien', adjective 'complémentaire'.
Le droit à l'indemnité de formation est conditionné par la durée de l'apprentissage.
The right to training indemnity is conditional upon the duration of the apprenticeship.
Noun phrase 'droit à l'indemnité de formation', 'conditionné par'.
Les parties ont convenu d'une indemnité transactionnelle pour régler le litige.
The parties agreed on a settlement indemnity to resolve the dispute.
Verb 'convenu d'une', noun phrase 'indemnité transactionnelle', 'régler le litige'.
L'absence de justification de la dépense rend caduque la demande d'indemnité.
The absence of justification for the expense renders the indemnity claim void.
Noun phrase 'absence de justification', 'demande d'indemnité', verb 'rend caduque'.
Le contentieux porte sur l'interprétation de la clause d'indemnisation contractuelle.
The litigation concerns the interpretation of the contractual indemnity clause.
Noun phrase 'contentieux', 'clause d'indemnisation contractuelle'.
La doctrine juridique débat de la nature exacte de l'indemnité forfaitaire en droit administratif.
Legal doctrine debates the exact nature of the lump-sum indemnity in administrative law.
Noun phrase 'doctrine juridique', 'indemnité forfaitaire en droit administratif'.
L'application rétroactive de la loi nouvelle ne saurait justifier une indemnité au-delà du préjudice direct.
The retroactive application of the new law cannot justify an indemnity beyond direct damage.
Noun phrase 'application rétroactive', 'préjudice direct', modal verb construction 'ne saurait justifier'.
La qualification d'indemnité despécifique peut être sujette à interprétation.
The qualification of a specific indemnity can be subject to interpretation.
Noun phrase 'qualification d'indemnité de spécificité', 'sujette à interprétation'.
Le calcul de l'indemnité de résiliation anticipée doit tenir compte des pertes effectivement subies.
The calculation of the early termination indemnity must take into account the losses actually incurred.
Noun phrase 'indemnité de résiliation anticipée', verb phrase 'tenir compte de'.
L'action en responsabilité civile peut aboutir au versement d'une indemnité substantielle.
The civil liability action can lead to the payment of a substantial indemnity.
Noun phrase 'action en responsabilité civile', adjective 'substantielle'.
La notion d'indemnité de stage est parfois confondue avec celle de rémunération.
The notion of internship indemnity is sometimes confused with that of remuneration.
Noun phrase 'notion d'indemnité de stage', 'rémunération', verb 'est parfois confondue avec'.
Le législateur a prévu une indemnité pour les dommages immatériels.
The legislator has provided for an indemnity for intangible damages.
Noun phrase 'dommages immatériels', verb 'a prévu'.
常见搭配
常用短语
— Severance pay; a payment made to an employee upon termination of employment.
Après de nombreuses années, il a reçu une indemnité de licenciement conséquente.
— Daily allowance or benefit, often paid for sickness or disability.
Elle a touché une indemnité journalière pendant sa convalescence.
— Mileage allowance; reimbursement for using a personal vehicle for work purposes.
Pensez à soumettre votre relevé pour l'indemnité kilométrique.
— Insurance payout; the sum paid by an insurance company to cover a loss.
L'indemnité d'assurance a couvert les réparations de la voiture.
— To pay an indemnity; to disburse compensation.
L'entreprise s'est engagée à verser une indemnité à chaque employé concerné.
— To receive an indemnity; to get compensation.
Il a eu la bonne surprise de recevoir une indemnité pour son voyage d'affaires.
— To claim or request an indemnity; to ask for compensation.
Elle a décidé de demander une indemnité pour le préjudice subi.
— The amount of the indemnity; the sum of money to be paid.
Le montant de l'indemnité sera déterminé par un expert.
— Internship allowance; a payment given to an intern.
L'indemnité de stage est souvent modeste mais appréciée.
— Compensatory indemnity; payment made to make up for a loss or disadvantage.
Une indemnité compensatrice a été versée pour compenser les heures perdues.
容易混淆的词
While 'indemnité' often translates to 'compensation', it's more specific. 'Compensation' can be broader, whereas 'indemnité' usually refers to a payment for a defined loss or expense.
'Allocation' usually refers to a regular allowance or grant for ongoing needs (e.g., child benefits), whereas 'indemnité' is typically for a specific event, loss, or expense.
A 'prime' is a bonus or reward, often performance-based. An 'indemnité' is compensation for a loss or expense, not a reward for good performance.
习语与表达
— To be free from harm or damage; to have suffered no loss.
He was lucky to escape the accident indemne de toute blessure.
formal— To compensate oneself, often implies recovering losses, sometimes in a less formal or slightly aggressive way.
Après la dispute, il a tenté de s'indemniser en prenant des choses qui ne lui appartenaient pas.
neutral/slightly informal— War reparations; payments demanded by a victor from a defeated nation after a war.
Les indemnités de guerre imposées après le conflit ont lourdement pesé sur l'économie.
historical/formal— Unemployment benefit; payments made to unemployed individuals.
Il touche une indemnité de chômage en attendant de retrouver un emploi.
administrative/common— Travel allowance; payment for expenses incurred during travel.
Les frais de déplacement sont remboursés sous forme d'indemnité.
— Compensation for damages or harm suffered.
La victime a reçu une indemnité pour le préjudice moral et physique.
— Termination fee or compensation for ending a contract early.
Il y a une indemnité de résiliation si vous annulez votre abonnement avant terme.
— Healthcare allowance or reimbursement for medical costs.
L'entreprise offre une indemnité de soins pour compléter la couverture sociale.
— Training allowance; payment related to professional training.
Les apprentis reçoivent une indemnité de formation.
— Lump-sum indemnity; a fixed amount paid regardless of the exact costs or losses.
Une indemnité forfaitaire est prévue pour couvrir les frais administratifs.
容易混淆
Both words refer to money given to make up for something.
In French, 'indemnité' is a more formal and specific term, often tied to legal or contractual obligations for loss or damage. 'Compensation' as a direct French equivalent is less common in this specific sense; rather, 'indemnité' is the primary term for formal recompense.
He received an <strong class='font-semibold'>indemnité</strong> for his damaged car, not just general 'compensation'.
Both involve receiving money back.
'Remboursement' specifically means reimbursement for expenses that were already paid by the individual. 'Indemnité' can be a pre-agreed sum for potential loss or damage, or it can cover expenses, but it's a broader term for compensation.
You get a <strong class='font-semibold'>remboursement</strong> for your train ticket, but you receive an <strong class='font-semibold'>indemnité</strong> if your flight is cancelled.
Both can refer to payments received.
'Allocation' typically denotes a regular allowance or grant for ongoing needs (like child benefits or housing aid). 'Indemnité' is usually a one-time payment or a specific allowance for a defined event, expense, or loss.
She receives a monthly <strong class='font-semibold'>allocation</strong> familiale, but a one-time <strong class='font-semibold'>indemnité</strong> after her injury.
Both are types of payments received from an employer or insurer.
A 'prime' is a bonus, an extra reward (often for good performance). An 'indemnité' is compensation for a loss, damage, or expense, not a reward.
He got a <strong class='font-semibold'>prime</strong> for exceeding sales targets, but an <strong class='font-semibold'>indemnité</strong> for using his car for work.
Both relate to financial compensation for harm.
'Dommages-intérêts' are specifically monetary damages awarded by a court in civil liability cases. 'Indemnité' is a broader term that can include court-awarded damages, but also contractual or statutory payments for losses or expenses.
The court awarded <strong class='font-semibold'>dommages-intérêts</strong> to the victim, which is a form of <strong class='font-semibold'>indemnité</strong>.
句型
Je reçois [quelque chose] pour [raison].
Je reçois de l'argent pour mes frais.
L'[objet] verse une indemnité de [type].
L'entreprise verse une indemnité de licenciement.
Elle a reçu une indemnité pour [raison].
Elle a reçu une indemnité pour ses frais de déplacement.
Le montant de l'indemnité sera [déterminé/fixé] par [personne/document].
Le montant de l'indemnité sera fixé par le contrat.
En cas de [situation], l'[entité] verse une indemnité.
En cas d'accident, l'assurance verse une indemnité.
La [clause/convention] prévoit une indemnité [type].
La convention collective prévoit une indemnité de départ à la retraite.
Les victimes réclament une indemnité pour [préjudice].
Les victimes réclament une indemnité pour les souffrances endurées.
L'application [rétroactive/spécifique] de la loi ne saurait justifier une indemnité au-delà de [limite].
L'application rétroactive de la loi ne saurait justifier une indemnité au-delà du préjudice direct.
词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
如何使用
Moderate to high in specific formal domains (legal, insurance, employment), low in general conversation.
-
Using 'indemnité' for casual thank-yous or small reimbursements.
→
Use 'merci', 'remboursement', or a simple 'paiement' in informal contexts.
'Indemnité' is a formal term reserved for official compensation for losses, damages, or specific expenses outlined by contract or law. Using it informally sounds overly bureaucratic.
-
Confusing 'indemnité' with 'prime'.
→
A 'prime' is a bonus or reward; an 'indemnité' is compensation for a loss or expense.
While both are payments, their purpose differs. A 'prime' is extra incentive or reward, whereas an 'indemnité' aims to make up for something negative that has occurred.
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Incorrect grammatical gender (using masculine articles/adjectives).
→
Always use feminine articles and adjectives: 'une indemnité', 'l'indemnité importante'.
'Indemnité' is a feminine noun. Failing to agree articles and adjectives can lead to grammatical errors.
-
Treating 'indemnité' as a synonym for any 'compensation'.
→
Recognize that 'indemnité' is specific to defined losses, expenses, or damages, often legally or contractually stipulated.
'Compensation' can be a broader concept. 'Indemnité' implies a structured payment under specific conditions, not just any form of making up for something.
-
Mispronouncing the word, especially the nasal vowel or stress.
→
Practice the pronunciation: /ˌɑ̃.di.ɛm.ni.teɪ/, with stress on the third syllable.
Incorrect pronunciation can hinder comprehension in spoken French and make the speaker sound unfamiliar with the word.
小贴士
Feminine Power
'Indemnité' is a feminine noun. Always use feminine articles ('une', 'la') and ensure any adjectives agreeing with it are also in the feminine form (e.g., 'une indemnité juste').
Formal Register
Avoid using 'indemnité' in casual conversations. It belongs in official documents, legal discussions, or professional settings. For everyday reimbursements among friends, 'remboursement' is more appropriate.
Nasal and Clear
Pay attention to the French nasal vowel 'an' at the beginning of 'indemnité'. Practice saying it clearly, stressing the third syllable: in-de-MIN-i-ty.
Shield Against Damage
Visualize a shield protecting you from 'damage' ('damnum' in Latin). This 'indemnity' (indemnité) is the shield's promise of financial protection against loss.
Distinguish from Similar Terms
Differentiate 'indemnité' from 'allocation' (regular allowance), 'prime' (bonus), and 'remboursement' (reimbursement of exact expenses) to use it accurately.
Real-World Scenarios
Think about situations where you might encounter or use 'indemnité': after a car accident (insurance), losing your job (severance), or traveling for work (mileage allowance).
Rooted in Protection
The word comes from Latin 'indemnis', meaning 'free from damage'. This root highlights its core function: to protect against financial loss.
Common Pairings
Learn common phrases like 'verser une indemnité', 'recevoir une indemnité', and specific types like 'indemnité de licenciement' to use the word naturally.
French Legal and Employment Culture
Understanding the role of 'indemnité' in French labor law and insurance practices provides valuable cultural context for its usage and importance.
记住它
记忆技巧
Imagine an 'in-DEED-nity' where someone promises to pay you if something bad happens. So, if you get 'in-DEED', they give you an 'indemnité'!
视觉联想
Picture a shield ('in-') protecting against damage ('-demnity'). The shield represents the protection or compensation offered by an 'indemnité'.
Word Web
挑战
Try to use 'indemnité' in a sentence describing a situation where someone receives money for a specific problem they encountered, like a faulty product or a delayed flight.
词源
The word 'indemnité' comes from the Latin word 'indemnitas', which means 'freedom from damage or loss'. This itself derives from 'indemnis', composed of 'in-' (not) and 'damnum' (damage, loss).
原始含义： Freedom from damage or loss.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > French文化背景
The term 'indemnité' itself is neutral, but the situations in which it's used can be sensitive. Discussing job loss, accidents, or legal disputes requires empathy and professionalism. When discussing financial compensation, it's important to be clear and respectful of the circumstances.
In English-speaking countries, similar concepts exist under terms like 'compensation', 'damages', 'severance pay', 'allowance', and 'indemnity' (which is a direct cognate and used in similar formal contexts, especially in law and insurance). The usage and specific legal frameworks may differ, but the core idea of financial recompense for loss or expense is universal.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Employment termination
- indemnité de licenciement
- indemnité de rupture conventionnelle
- verser une indemnité
Insurance claims
- indemnité d'assurance
- recevoir une indemnité
- montant de l'indemnité
Business travel
- indemnité kilométrique
- indemnité de déplacement
- frais de déplacement
Legal disputes
- demander une indemnité
- indemnité pour préjudice
- dommage-intérêt
Daily allowances
- indemnité journalière
- allocation
- paiement
对话开场白
"Have you ever had to claim an indemnity from an insurance company?"
"What are your thoughts on severance pay in France?"
"Do you know anyone who has received a mileage allowance for work?"
"What are the main differences between an indemnity and a bonus?"
"Can you think of a situation where someone might ask for a 'dommage-intérêt'?"
日记主题
Describe a time you had to seek reimbursement for expenses. How does that compare to the concept of an indemnity?
Imagine you are writing a formal letter to an employer about potential compensation for a work-related issue. Use the word 'indemnité' appropriately.
Research a specific type of indemnity common in your country (e.g., for natural disasters, or specific types of employment). What are the conditions for receiving it?
Reflect on the importance of financial compensation in different life situations. When is it most crucial?
Write a short fictional scenario where a character needs to negotiate an indemnity. What are the stakes?
常见问题
10 个问题Not necessarily. The amount of an 'indemnité' can vary greatly depending on the context. For example, a 'prime de déplacement' might be a small amount for travel, while an 'indemnité de licenciement' or an insurance payout for major damage could be substantial. The key is that it's a defined sum for a specific purpose.
Primarily, 'indemnité' refers to a monetary payment. While the goal is to compensate for a loss or damage, the compensation itself is almost always financial. If non-monetary actions are involved, they would usually be described differently, such as 'réparation' (repair) or 'solution'.
'Salaire' (salary or wage) is the regular payment for work performed. 'Indemnité' is a payment made to compensate for a specific loss, expense, or situation, separate from regular remuneration. For example, you receive a 'salaire' for your job, but an 'indemnité de licenciement' if you lose it.
You'd use 'remboursement' when you've already paid for something (like a business expense) and are getting that specific amount back. You'd use 'indemnité' for a broader range of compensation, including potential losses, damages, or pre-set allowances (like mileage allowance), which might not be a direct reimbursement of an exact upfront cost.
Yes, 'indemnité' is generally a formal term. You would use it in official documents, legal contexts, employment contracts, and insurance discussions. In casual conversation, people are more likely to use simpler terms like 'argent', 'paiement', or 'remboursement' depending on the situation.
This refers to an allowance or payment given to an intern during their internship ('stage'). While not a full salary, it's a form of compensation for their work and to help cover their expenses during the internship period.
Yes, in many contexts, the amount of an 'indemnité' can be negotiated. For example, during a job termination or a legal settlement, the parties involved might negotiate the final sum of the 'indemnité'.
'Indemnité journalière' is often paid by social security or insurance companies to individuals who are temporarily unable to work due to illness or accident. It helps compensate for the loss of income during that period.
'Indemne' is an adjective meaning 'free from harm or damage'. 'Indemnité' is the noun derived from this concept, representing the payment made to make someone 'indemne' from a loss or damage.
Yes, 'indemnité kilométrique' is very common for reimbursing employees who use their personal car for work. There's also 'indemnité de déplacement' which is a more general travel allowance.
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/ 10 correct
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Summary
Indemnité is a formal term for a payment made to compensate for a loss, damage, or expense. It's commonly found in legal agreements, insurance policies, and employment contracts, such as severance pay or mileage reimbursement, and is always a feminine noun.
- Indemnité: Formal payment for loss, damage, or expense.
- Used in legal, insurance, and employment contexts.
- Examples: severance pay, mileage allowance, insurance payout.
- Always a feminine noun.
Context is Key
Remember that 'indemnité' is a formal word. Its meaning shifts slightly based on context: severance pay in employment, insurance payout, or mileage allowance for travel. Always consider the situation when using or encountering it.
Feminine Power
'Indemnité' is a feminine noun. Always use feminine articles ('une', 'la') and ensure any adjectives agreeing with it are also in the feminine form (e.g., 'une indemnité juste').
Formal Register
Avoid using 'indemnité' in casual conversations. It belongs in official documents, legal discussions, or professional settings. For everyday reimbursements among friends, 'remboursement' is more appropriate.
Nasal and Clear
Pay attention to the French nasal vowel 'an' at the beginning of 'indemnité'. Practice saying it clearly, stressing the third syllable: in-de-MIN-i-ty.
例句
Il a reçu une indemnité pour le préjudice subi.
相关内容
更多work词汇
à distance
A2远程地，不需要亲身到场。
à durée déterminée
B1For a fixed or definite period; fixed-term.
à durée indéterminée
B1无固定期限的；永久的（如合同）。
à la fin
A2在最后 (zài zuìhòu)
à la journée
B1每日，或仅限于一天的期限或付款。
à la semaine
B1Weekly, by the week.
à l'année
B1Annually, by the year.
à l'attention de
B1由……收启；用于正式信函或电子邮件中，指明特定的收件人。
à l'avance
A2提前或预先做某事。
à l'issue de
A2在……结束时；在……之后。常用于正式场合，如会议或比赛结束后的描述。
