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B2 noun #10,000 最常用 11分钟阅读

liquidités

Liquidity; cash or assets easily converted to cash.

At the A1 level, you don't really need to use the word 'liquidités.' Instead, you focus on the basics of money. You learn words like 'l'argent' (money), 'un billet' (a bill), and 'une pièce' (a coin). If you want to say you have money in your pocket, you might say 'J'ai de l'argent.' However, it is helpful to recognize 'liquidités' if you see it on a sign at a bank or a store. Think of it as the 'fancy' word for the cash you have. At this stage, just remember that when you see this word, it means 'money that is ready to be spent right now.' You might see it on an ATM (distributeur) screen where it says 'Retrait de liquidités' (Withdrawal of cash). Even though it looks long and complicated, it just means you are getting physical money out of the machine. Don't worry about using it in your own sentences yet; just know that it is related to your wallet and your bank account. It is always plural when it means 'cash' in this context.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to handle more complex daily situations, like going to the bank or managing a small budget. You should know that 'liquidités' is a more formal way to say 'argent liquide' (cash). If you are at a market and someone says 'Nous n'acceptons pas les cartes, seulement les liquidités,' you should understand that they want cash. You might also start to use it in simple sentences about your savings. For example, 'Je garde des liquidités pour mes vacances' (I am keeping some cash/available funds for my vacation). You are beginning to see the difference between money you have spent and money you have 'disponible' (available). It is also the level where you might encounter the word in news headlines about the economy. If you hear 'manque de liquidités,' understand it means a person or a company doesn't have enough cash to pay for things. It's a useful word to make your French sound a bit more 'grown-up' than just using 'argent' all the time.
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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'liquidités' in discussions about personal finance, work, and general news. You understand that it refers to 'available funds.' You can use it to explain why you can't make an investment: 'Je n'ai pas assez de liquidités pour acheter ces actions' (I don't have enough liquid assets to buy these shares). You also start to use it with more complex verbs like 'disposer de' (to have at one's disposal) or 'prévoir' (to plan for). You understand that 'liquidités' is a feminine plural noun, so you correctly say 'des liquidités suffisantes.' You can participate in a conversation about the cost of living and mention how much 'liquidités' a typical family needs for emergencies. You are also able to distinguish it from 'monnaie' (small change/coins) and 'espèces' (physical cash). At this level, 'liquidités' becomes a key part of your vocabulary for describing financial stability and planning.
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At the B2 level, which is the target level for this word, you use 'liquidités' with precision in professional and academic contexts. You understand the economic implications of 'la liquidité' (the concept) versus 'les liquidités' (the assets). You can discuss corporate finance, explaining that a company can be 'rentable' (profitable) but still fail due to a 'crise de liquidités' (liquidity crisis). You use collocations like 'injecter des liquidités,' 'excédent de liquidités,' and 'tensions sur les liquidités.' You can write a formal email or report discussing the 'gestion des liquidités' (liquidity management). You are aware that in a business balance sheet, 'liquidités' refers to the most 'liquide' part of the 'actif' (assets). You can also use it metaphorically or in more abstract economic discussions, such as the role of 'liquidités' in inflation. Your usage is natural, and you know when to choose 'liquidités' over 'trésorerie' or 'argent' based on the required register and technicality of the conversation.
At the C1 level, you have a nuanced understanding of 'liquidités' and can use it in high-level economic analysis. You can discuss 'la trappe à liquidité' (the liquidity trap) in Keynesian economics or the impact of 'l'abondance de liquidités' (the abundance of liquidity) on global asset bubbles. You use the word fluently in debates about central bank policies, such as 'le resserrement des liquidités' (liquidity tightening). You understand the subtle differences between 'liquidités primaires' (M1 money supply) and other forms of money. Your vocabulary includes related technical terms like 'solvabilité' (solvency) and you can explain the relationship between them: 'La solvabilité est une question de richesse totale, tandis que les liquidités sont une question de temps.' You can read complex financial statements in French and critique a company's 'ratio de liquidité.' Your use of the word is indistinguishable from that of a native professional in the financial or legal sector.
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At the C2 level, you master the word 'liquidités' in all its complexities, including historical, legal, and theoretical dimensions. You can engage in deep philosophical or technical discussions about the nature of money as 'liquidité.' You might analyze how digital currencies like Bitcoin are changing the definition of 'liquidités' in the modern era. You can use the term in highly specialized legal contexts, such as 'la liquidation judiciaire' or the priority of 'liquidités' in bankruptcy proceedings. You are capable of writing a thesis or a high-level policy paper in French where 'liquidités' is a central theme. You understand the poetic and metaphorical uses of the word in literature, where 'liquidité' might refer to the flow of time or emotions, though your primary use remains financial. You can switch between registers effortlessly, using 'liquidités' in a boardroom and 'du liquide' at a café, always perfectly matching the social context. You have total control over the word's collocations, idioms, and grammatical nuances.
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例句
The French term liquidités is a fundamental concept in both everyday personal finance and high-level corporate accounting. At its most basic level, it refers to money that is immediately available for use—what we commonly call 'cash on hand.' However, its meaning extends beyond just physical banknotes and coins to include assets that can be converted into cash almost instantly without losing their value, such as funds in a checking account.
Etymological Connection
The word comes from the Latin 'liquidus,' meaning fluid or flowing. In finance, this metaphor is perfect: money is seen as a fluid that needs to flow through the economy. If money is 'frozen' in a building or a long-term investment, it lacks 'liquidité.' When it is in your pocket or a bank account, it is 'liquide' and thus categorized as 'liquidités.'
In a professional setting, such as a business meeting or a news report on the Bourse (Stock Exchange), you will hear this word used to describe a company's health. A company might have millions of Euros in assets like factories or machinery, but if it lacks liquidités, it cannot pay its employees' salaries at the end of the month. This distinction is vital for learners to understand: having wealth is not the same as having liquidity.

La banque centrale a injecté des liquidités massives sur le marché pour éviter un gel du crédit.

Translation: The central bank injected massive liquidity into the market to prevent a credit freeze.
Historically, the concept of liquidités has evolved with banking. In the 19th century, it literally meant gold and silver. Today, it includes digital balances and short-term securities. When a French person says 'Je n'ai pas de liquidités sur moi,' they usually mean they don't have any cash (notes or coins) in their wallet at that moment.
The Corporate Perspective
For a French entrepreneur, managing 'la trésorerie' (cash flow) is essentially the management of 'liquidités.' They must ensure that the 'entrées' (inflows) and 'sorties' (outflows) are balanced so that the level of liquidités remains sufficient to cover 'dettes à court terme' (short-term debts).

Malgré un chiffre d'affaires record, la start-up a fait faillite par manque de liquidités.

Les investisseurs recherchent des placements offrant une grande liquidité en période d'incertitude.

Daily Transactions
In small French villages, some 'boulangeries' or 'marchés' might prefer 'liquidités' over 'carte bancaire' for small amounts, though this is changing with the rise of contactless payment ('sans contact').

Il est conseillé de garder quelques liquidités chez soi en cas d'urgence.

Le retrait de liquidités au distributeur est limité à 500 euros par semaine.

Understanding liquidités is not just about vocabulary; it is about understanding the mechanics of value. Whether you are discussing the global economy, a corporate balance sheet, or simply trying to buy a croissant at a market stall, knowing how to use this word correctly will make your French sound more precise and professional.
Using liquidités correctly requires attention to its grammatical role as a plural noun and its specific semantic field. In most cases, it is used in the plural to denote the actual assets. When you want to talk about the concept of being liquid, you use the singular 'la liquidité.' To master its usage, consider the following grammatical patterns.
Quantification and Articles
Because it refers to an amount of money, it often follows partitive articles or expressions of quantity. For example, 'avoir des liquidités' (to have some liquid assets) or 'manquer de liquidités' (to lack liquid assets). Note that after 'manquer de' or 'beaucoup de,' the 'des' disappears as per standard French grammar rules for quantities.

Nous avons besoin de plus de liquidités pour financer ce projet immédiat.

Another common construction involves verbs of movement or change. In financial news, you will frequently see verbs like 'injecter' (to inject), 'absorber' (to absorb), or 'libérer' (to free up) used with liquidités. This highlights the 'fluid' nature of the word.

La vente de cet immeuble va nous permettre de libérer des liquidités importantes.

Comparison with 'Espèces'
While 'espèces' or 'argent liquide' specifically refers to physical cash (bills and coins), 'liquidités' is broader. It includes cash but also bank balances. If you are at a store, you say 'Je paie en espèces.' If you are discussing a company's bank balance, you say 'L'entreprise a des liquidités.'

Le directeur financier surveille quotidiennement l'état des liquidités.

Il est risqué de garder trop de liquidités sans les investir.

Common Phrasal Structures
1. 'Crise de liquidités' (Liquidity crisis). 2. 'Excès de liquidités' (Excess liquidity). 3. 'Injection de liquidités' (Liquidity injection). These are standard collocations in economic journalism.

La crise de liquidités de 2008 a transformé le paysage bancaire mondial.

Les épargnants préfèrent conserver leurs liquidités sur des livrets sécurisés.

By integrating these patterns, you can discuss complex financial topics or simple personal budgeting with the same level of fluency as a native speaker. The key is to visualize the money moving—flowing like water—to remember why 'liquidités' is the chosen term.
In France, liquidités is a word that bridges the gap between the living room and the boardroom. While you might not use it every five minutes like 'argent,' it appears in very specific and important contexts.
News and Media
Turn on 'France Info' or open 'Le Monde,' and you will see 'liquidités' whenever the economy is discussed. During inflation or recessions, reporters talk about the 'pouvoir d'achat' (purchasing power) and how much 'liquidités' households have left after paying bills. It sounds more formal and precise than 'sous' or 'fric' (slang for money).

Le présentateur a annoncé une nouvelle injection de liquidités par la BCE.

At the Bank
When speaking with a 'conseiller bancaire' (bank advisor), they might ask: 'Quelle part de votre patrimoine souhaitez-vous garder en liquidités ?' This means they want to know how much money you want to keep accessible in your current account versus how much you want to lock away in 'placements à long terme' (long-term investments).

J'ai transféré mes actions en liquidités pour préparer mon achat immobilier.

Business and Entrepreneurship
In the 'monde des affaires' (business world), 'liquidités' is synonymous with survival. You will hear it in 'comptabilité' (accounting) discussions. Terms like 'flux de trésorerie' (cash flow) are directly related to the movement of liquidités.

Notre priorité ce trimestre est de reconstituer nos liquidités.

L'investisseur a injecté des liquidités en échange de 10% des parts.

Vérifie si tu as assez de liquidités pour payer le péage.

La gestion des liquidités est le cœur du métier de trésorier.

Whether you are listening to a podcast about the Eurozone or negotiating a contract, 'liquidités' is the word that signals you are talking about the actual, usable power of money.
Learning to use liquidités involves avoiding several pitfalls that English speakers frequently encounter. Because the English word 'liquidity' is often uncountable, learners might forget that in French, we almost always use the plural when referring to the funds themselves.
Mistake 1: Singular vs. Plural
Many students say 'J'ai besoin de liquidité' (singular). While not strictly 'wrong' in a philosophical sense, it sounds unnatural. You should say 'J'ai besoin de liquidités' (plural) because you are referring to the multiple units of currency or assets.

Correct: L'entreprise manque de liquidités. (Plural assets)
Correct: La liquidité du marché est faible. (Singular property)

Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Liquide'
'Liquide' can be an adjective (money is liquid) or a noun (a liquid like water). Beginners sometimes use 'liquide' as a plural noun for money, which is incorrect. You can say 'argent liquide' (liquid money), but you cannot say 'les liquides' to mean money; that would mean 'the liquids' (like water, oil, etc.).

Faux: Il a beaucoup de liquides dans son portefeuille.
Juste: Il a beaucoup de liquidités dans son portefeuille.

Mistake 3: Overusing it in Informal Situations
Using 'liquidités' when buying a pack of gum from a friend can sound overly formal or even robotic. In very casual settings, 'liquide' (as in 'en liquide') or 'espèces' is better. 'Liquidités' is best reserved for banking, business, or general economic statements.

Trop formel: Est-ce que tu as des liquidités pour le café ?
Naturel: Est-ce que tu as de la monnaie pour le café ?

La confusion entre trésorerie et liquidités est fréquente. La trésorerie est le service ou l'état global, les liquidités sont les fonds eux-mêmes.

Attention à l'accord : 'Des liquidités disponibles' (féminin pluriel).

By being mindful of these distinctions—plurality, the difference between the adjective and the noun, and the appropriate social register—you will avoid the 'clumsy translator' look and speak with the precision of a native professional.
To truly master liquidités, you must know its 'cousins' in the French financial lexicon. Choosing the right word depends entirely on the context and what exactly you are trying to describe.
Espèces vs. Liquidités
'Espèces' (always plural) refers strictly to physical cash—banknotes and coins. 'Liquidités' is a broader term that includes physical cash but also money in bank accounts that can be accessed immediately. If you are paying at a shop, use 'espèces.' If you are talking about your savings strategy, use 'liquidités.'

Le magasin n'accepte que les paiements en espèces.

Trésorerie vs. Liquidités
'Trésorerie' (cash flow/treasury) is an accounting concept representing the net balance of available funds. 'Liquidités' are the actual items that make up that treasury. You manage your 'trésorerie' by monitoring your 'liquidités.'

Une trésorerie saine nécessite des liquidités abondantes.

Fonds Disponibles
This literally means 'available funds.' It is often used interchangeably with liquidités in banking documents. It sounds slightly more descriptive and less technical than 'liquidités.'

Veuillez vérifier que vous disposez des fonds disponibles avant d'effectuer le virement.

L'argent liquide (informal) vs. Les liquidités (formal/technical).

Les capitaux propres sont l'opposé des liquidités en termes de disponibilité immédiate.

Les avoirs est un terme plus général englobant tout ce que l'on possède, y compris les liquidités.

Understanding these nuances allows you to tailor your language to your audience. If you are talking to a cashier, use 'espèces.' If you are talking to a financial analyst, use 'liquidités.' If you are talking to a friend about your broke status, use 'argent.' Precision is the hallmark of an advanced speaker.
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按水平分级的例句

1

Je n'ai pas de liquidités.

I don't have any cash.

Simple negation with 'de'.

2

Où est le retrait de liquidités ?

Where is the cash withdrawal?

Using 'retrait de' followed by the noun.

3

Il a des liquidités dans sa poche.

He has some cash in his pocket.

Plural partitive article 'des'.

4

Les liquidités sont importantes.

Cash is important.

Definite article 'Les' for a general statement.

5

Donnez-moi des liquidités, s'il vous plaît.

Give me some cash, please.

Imperative mood with 'des'.

6

C'est pour les liquidités.

It is for the cash.

Preposition 'pour' followed by the noun.

7

J'aime les liquidités.

I like cash.

Verb 'aimer' takes the definite article.

8

Le distributeur donne des liquidités.

The ATM gives cash.

Standard subject-verb-object structure.

1

Le marché préfère les liquidités.

The market prefers cash.

General preference using 'les'.

2

Je vais retirer des liquidités à la banque.

I am going to withdraw some cash at the bank.

Futur proche: aller + infinitive.

3

Il n'y a plus de liquidités ici.

There is no more cash here.

Negation 'ne... plus de'.

4

Gardez vos liquidités pour demain.

Keep your cash for tomorrow.

Possessive adjective 'vos'.

5

Nous avons besoin de liquidités pour le voyage.

We need cash for the trip.

Expression 'avoir besoin de'.

6

Elle a trouvé des liquidités dans le tiroir.

She found some cash in the drawer.

Passé composé with 'avoir'.

7

Est-ce que vous avez des liquidités ?

Do you have any cash?

Standard question with 'est-ce que'.

8

Les liquidités sont dans le coffre.

The cash is in the safe.

Preposition 'dans'.

1

Il est prudent de garder des liquidités en cas d'urgence.

It is wise to keep some cash in case of emergency.

Adjective 'prudent' followed by 'de' + infinitive.

2

L'entreprise a utilisé ses liquidités pour payer ses dettes.

The company used its liquid assets to pay its debts.

Possessive adjective 'ses' agreeing with the plural noun.

3

Nous manquons de liquidités ce mois-ci.

We are short on cash this month.

'Manquer de' followed by the noun without an article.

4

La vente de la voiture a apporté des liquidités.

The sale of the car brought in some cash.

Subject is 'La vente de la voiture'.

5

Elle gère ses liquidités avec beaucoup de soin.

She manages her liquid assets with great care.

Adverbial phrase 'avec beaucoup de soin'.

6

Il n'aime pas investir, il préfère les liquidités.

He doesn't like to invest; he prefers cash.

Contrast between two clauses.

7

Avez-vous assez de liquidités pour ce projet ?

Do you have enough cash for this project?

Adverb of quantity 'assez de'.

8

Les liquidités disponibles sont sur le compte courant.

The available funds are in the checking account.

Adjective 'disponibles' agrees with feminine plural.

1

La crise a provoqué une pénurie de liquidités sur le marché.

The crisis caused a shortage of liquidity on the market.

Noun 'pénurie' followed by 'de'.

2

L'injection de liquidités par la banque centrale a stabilisé l'économie.

The injection of liquidity by the central bank stabilized the economy.

Complex noun phrase as the subject.

3

Il faut surveiller le ratio de liquidités immédiates.

It is necessary to monitor the immediate liquidity ratio.

Impersonal 'il faut' + infinitive.

4

Les investisseurs craignent un manque de liquidités.

Investors fear a lack of liquidity.

Verb 'craindre' followed by a noun.

5

Cette mesure vise à libérer des liquidités pour les PME.

This measure aims to free up liquidity for SMEs.

Verb 'viser à' + infinitive.

6

Les liquidités excédentaires ont été placées sur le marché monétaire.

The excess liquidity was placed on the money market.

Passive voice 'ont été placées'.

7

Le trésorier doit assurer la gestion des liquidités au quotidien.

The treasurer must ensure liquidity management on a daily basis.

Modal verb 'doit' + infinitive.

8

Une trop grande accumulation de liquidités peut être inefficace.

Too much accumulation of cash can be inefficient.

Subject is a complex noun phrase.

1

L'abondance de liquidités alimente la bulle spéculative.

The abundance of liquidity is fueling the speculative bubble.

Verb 'alimenter' used metaphorically.

2

Le resserrement des liquidités pèse sur la croissance mondiale.

Liquidity tightening is weighing on global growth.

Verb 'peser sur' meaning to have a negative impact.

3

Les banques font face à des tensions sur leurs liquidités.

Banks are facing tensions regarding their liquidity.

Expression 'faire face à'.

4

La trappe à liquidité empêche la baisse des taux d'intérêt d'agir.

The liquidity trap prevents the fall in interest rates from working.

Economic term 'trappe à liquidité'.

5

Il est impératif d'optimiser le flux de liquidités entrantes.

It is imperative to optimize the flow of incoming liquidity.

Impersonal 'il est impératif de'.

6

La volatilité du marché affecte la disponibilité des liquidités.

Market volatility affects the availability of liquidity.

Noun 'volatilité' as the subject.

7

Les liquidités sont le nerf de la guerre en période de récession.

Liquidity is the sinews of war during a recession.

Idiom 'le nerf de la guerre' (the core/essential element).

8

Le cadre réglementaire impose des seuils minimaux de liquidités.

The regulatory framework imposes minimum liquidity thresholds.

Formal verb 'imposer'.

1

L'interpénétration des marchés mondiaux facilite la circulation des liquidités.

The interpenetration of global markets facilitates the circulation of liquidity.

Sophisticated noun 'interpénétration'.

2

La dématérialisation des liquidités redéfinit la souveraineté monétaire.

The dematerialization of liquidity is redefining monetary sovereignty.

Abstract concept 'dématérialisation'.

3

L'arbitrage entre rendement et liquidités est au cœur de la théorie financière.

The arbitrage between yield and liquidity is at the heart of financial theory.

Technical term 'arbitrage'.

4

La vélocité des liquidités influence directement le niveau général des prix.

The velocity of liquidity directly influences the general price level.

Economic concept 'vélocité'.

5

Nonobstant la solidité des actifs, le défaut de liquidités a été fatal.

Notwithstanding the strength of the assets, the lack of liquidity was fatal.

Formal conjunction 'nonobstant'.

6

La gestion prudentielle des liquidités est un rempart contre le risque systémique.

Prudential liquidity management is a bulwark against systemic risk.

Metaphorical use of 'rempart'.

7

Les liquidités oisives constituent un coût d'opportunité pour l'investisseur.

Idle liquidity constitutes an opportunity cost for the investor.

Adjective 'oisives' (idle).

8

La structuration des liquidités au sein du groupe est d'une complexité inouïe.

The structuring of liquidity within the group is of incredible complexity.

Adjective 'inouïe' (unheard of/incredible).

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