从人那里领受 vs. 从机构领受(Ni vs. Kara)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use {に|ni} for people and {から|kara} for places or organizations when receiving something.
- Use {に|ni} when receiving from a person: {友達|ともだち}に{本|ほん}をもらった。
- Use {から|kara} when receiving from a place or institution: {学校|がっこう}から{手紙|てがみ}が{届|とど}いた。
- You can use {から|kara} for people too, but {に|ni} is more specific for personal interaction.
Overview
stiff when you're talking about that birthday gift or a DM you received? You probably learned that に is the go-to particle for targets, but then から shows up and crashes the party. When we talk about giving and receiving in Japanese—especially with the verb 貰うう (to receive)—these two particles often step into the same shoes.に versus から so you can express gratitude without sounding like a robot. Plus, we'll look at why you should almost never use から with certain verbs unless you want to sound very, very strange.How This Grammar Works
giving and receiving (授受動詞), the direction of the action is everything. When you receive something (貰うう), you are the star of the sentence. The person or place that gave it to you is the source. Usually, you mark that source with に.から (meaning from) can also mark that source. So, what's the deal? Think of に as a direct, personal connection.から, on the other hand, emphasizes the starting point or the origin. It’s the point A in a Point A to Point Bjourney.
から becomes the MVP when the giver is an institution, like a company, a school, or a government office. You wouldn't say you received a scholarship at a school; you received it from the school. Also, から helps avoid confusion when your sentence is already getting crowded with too many に particles.Formation Pattern
私|わたし) or someone in your in-group.
に for individuals you have a personal relationship with. Use から for organizations, distant sources, or when you want to emphasize the flow of the item.
を.
貰うう (casual) or 頂く (humble/polite).
に [Object] を 貰うう。
から [Object] を 貰うう。
When To Use It
に when you’re talking about your inner circle. Think of your friends, your family, or your partner. It implies a direct, face-to-face handoff. If your crush gives you a 手紙 (letter), に feels much more intimate and natural. It’s the warm particle.から when the giver is an organization. If you received an email from Netflix, a package from Amazon, or a diploma from your university, から is your best friend. It sounds weird to use に for a building or a faceless corporation.から also when you want to emphasize the distance. If you received a postcard from a long-lost relative in another country, から highlights the long journey that postcard took.から is becoming super common. It treats the digital handle as a source. I got a reply から my favorite streamer!Common Mistakes
No-No is trying to use から with 上げる (to give) or 呉れる (to give to me). These verbs specifically require に to mark the receiver. You give *to* someone (に), you don't give *from* someone. If you say 友達からプレゼントをあげた, you’re basically saying I gave a gift from my friend,which makes it sound like you stole your friend's gift to give it to someone else!
に for non-human givers. Saying 会社にボーナスをもらった (I received a bonus to/at the company) sounds like the company is a person you're dating. Keep it professional with から.から or に with the humble verb 頂く. Using 貰うう with から for your CEO might make you look a bit too casual for your own good. Just because the particle is flexible doesn't mean the verb is!Contrast With Similar Patterns
から (from/because) or に (to/at)? In the context of 貰うう, they are specifically marking the agent of the action.にvsで:にmarks who gave it, whileでmarks where you were when you got it.デパートでもらったmeans you got it *at* the department store (maybe a free sample), but doesn't specify who gave it.からvsより: In very formal writing or old-school letters, you might seeよりinstead ofから. It’s like thefancy tuxedoversion ofから. Unless you're writing a formal speech or a wedding invitation, stick toから.にvsを: Never mix these up here.をis for the item (the shiny new iPhone), andに/からis for the person who’s now poorer because they bought it for you.くれるvsもらう: Remember, withくれる, the giver is the subject (が). Withもらう, you are the subject. This changes which particle you use for the other person! Withくれる, the person who receives (you) is alwaysに.
Quick FAQ
Can I always use から for people?
Yes, it’s grammatically correct, but it can sound a bit distanced or objective. If it's your mom, に is better.
What if I receive an email from a person?
You can use either! に if you're focusing on the person, から if you're focusing on the email coming out of their account.
Is から more polite?
Not necessarily. Politeness comes from the verb (もらう vs いただく). から is just more source-oriented.
Can I use から with あげる?
No! Never. あげる always uses に for the receiver.
Why do I hear から so much in anime?
It often adds drama or emphasizes that something came from a specific, important source (like a legendary hero or a villain).
Particle Selection Table
| Source Type | Particle | Example | Nuance |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Person
|
に
|
{友達|ともだち}に
|
Personal/Warm
|
|
Place
|
から
|
{学校|がっこう}から
|
Origin/Distance
|
|
Organization
|
から
|
{会社|かいしゃ}から
|
Formal/Official
|
|
Group
|
から
|
{チーム|ちーむ}から
|
Collective
|
|
Pet/Animal
|
に
|
{犬|いぬ}に
|
Personification
|
|
Machine/System
|
から
|
{機械|きかい}から
|
Technical
|
Meanings
These particles indicate the source of an action or object. {に|ni} marks a specific personal target/source, while {から|kara} marks a point of origin.
Personal Source
Receiving from a specific individual.
“{母|はは}に{料理|りょうり}を{教|おし}えてもらった。”
“{彼|かれ}に{花|はな}をもらった。”
Institutional/Spatial Source
Receiving from a non-human entity or location.
“{会社|かいしゃ}から{給料|きゅうりょう}をもらう。”
“{図書館|としょかん}から{本|ほん}を{借|か}りる。”
Reference Table
| 动词 | 助词(给/收者) | 语感 | 场景举例 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
{貰う|もら}う
|
`に`
|
个人、直接、亲近
|
收到好朋友的礼物
|
|
{貰う|もら}う
|
`から`
|
机构、强调来源
|
收到大学的奖学金
|
|
{頂く|いただく}
|
`から/に`
|
谦逊、非常礼貌
|
收到教授的礼物
|
|
{上げる|あげる}
|
`に` (接收者)
|
方向性(给到某人)
|
给弟弟妹妹礼物
|
|
{呉れる|くれる}
|
`に` (接收者/我)
|
方向性(给我)
|
别人给我饮料
|
|
{貰う|もら}う (数字信息)
|
`から`
|
信息流向
|
收到粉丝的私信
|
正式程度
{友人|ゆうじん}に{贈り物|おくりもの}をいただきました。 (Gift giving)
{友達|ともだち}に{プレゼント|ぷれぜんと}をもらいました。 (Gift giving)
{友達|ともだち}に{プレゼント|ぷれぜんと}もらった。 (Gift giving)
友達からプレゼントもらったよ。 (Gift giving)
选择 に 还是 から
什么时候用 に...
- {友達|ともだち} 朋友
- {家族|かぞく} 家人
什么时候用 から...
- {学校|がっこう} 学校
- {会社|かいしゃ} 公司
助词语感检查
决策流程:用 に 还是 から?
给的人是机构(学校、办公室)吗?
是个人朋友或家人吗?
动词及其对应的助词
接收 (に/から 都可以)
- • {貰う|もら}う
- • {いただく|いただく}
- • {借|借}りる
给予 (只能用 に)
- • {上げる|あげる}
- • {くれる|くれる}
- • {贷|贷}す
按水平分级的例句
{友達|ともだち}に{本|ほん}をもらいました。
I received a book from a friend.
{学校|がっこう}から{手紙|てがみ}をもらいました。
I received a letter from school.
{先生|せんせい}に{ペン|ぺん}をもらいました。
I received a pen from the teacher.
{店|みせ}から{クーポン|くーぽん}をもらいました。
I received a coupon from the shop.
{誰|だれ}に{お土産|おみやげ}をもらいましたか?
From whom did you receive the souvenir?
{会社|かいしゃ}から{連絡|れんらく}が{来|く}ました。
I received contact from the company.
{母|はは}に{料理|りょうり}を{教|おし}えてもらいました。
I had my mother teach me cooking.
{銀行|ぎんこう}から{書類|しょるい}が{届|とど}きました。
Documents arrived from the bank.
{彼|かれ}に{相談|そうだん}に{乗|の}ってもらいました。
I had him listen to my consultation.
{市役所|しやくしょ}から{許可|きょか}をもらいました。
I received permission from the city office.
{先輩|せんぱい}に{仕事|しごと}を{手伝|てつだ}ってもらいました。
I had my senior help me with work.
{大学|だいがく}から{奨学金|しょうがくきん}をもらいました。
I received a scholarship from the university.
{専門家|せんもんか}に{意見|いけん}を{聞|き}かせてもらいました。
I had the expert share their opinion with me.
{政府|せいふ}から{支援|しえん}をもらいました。
I received support from the government.
{友人|ゆうじん}に{車|くるま}を{貸|か}してもらいました。
I had my friend lend me their car.
{団体|だんたい}から{寄付|きふ}をもらいました。
I received a donation from the organization.
{恩師|おんし}に{助言|じょげん}を{仰|あお}ぎました。
I sought advice from my mentor.
{本部|ほんぶ}から{指示|しじ}を{受|う}けました。
I received instructions from headquarters.
{家族|かぞく}に{支|ささ}えてもらいました。
I was supported by my family.
{機関|きかん}から{承認|しょうにん}をもらいました。
I received approval from the institution.
{知人|ちじん}に{紹介|しょうかい}してもらいました。
I had an acquaintance introduce me.
{当局|とうきょく}から{通達|つうたつ}をもらいました。
I received a notification from the authorities.
{恋人|こいびと}に{花|はな}を{贈|おく}ってもらいました。
I had my lover send me flowers.
{協会|きょうかい}から{認定|にんてい}をもらいました。
I received certification from the association.
容易混淆
Both can appear with locations.
常见错误
{会社|かいしゃ}に{手紙|てがみ}をもらった
{会社|かいしゃ}から{手紙|てがみ}をもらった
{友達|ともだち}から{本|ほん}をもらった
{友達|ともだち}に{本|ほん}をもらった
{先生|せんせい}から{教|おし}えてもらった
{先生|せんせい}に{教|おし}えてもらった
{政府|せいふ}に{支援|しえん}をもらった
{政府|せいふ}から{支援|しえん}をもらった
句型
___に___をもらいました。
Real World Usage
友達に返事もらった!
会社から連絡をいただきました。
駅で地図をもらいました。
店からクーポンをもらった。
面接の結果をいただきました。
先生にアドバイスをもらいました。
“双 に” 规则
に(比如表示时间),那就用 から 来指代给的人,避免重复: «3時に田中さんから電話を貰った。»别对接收者用 “From”
あげる(给)的时候,永远用 に。你是给“到”某人,不是“从”某人: «友達にプレゼントをあげた。»职场社交距离
から 会显得更专业,因为它把公司看作一个正式的整体: «会社からメールを貰った。»Smart Tips
Always reach for {に|ni} first.
Always reach for {から|kara}.
Think: Is this a human?
Use {から|kara} for institutions.
发音
Particle intonation
Particles are usually unstressed.
Question
〜か?
Rising pitch at the end.
记住它
记忆技巧
Ni is for a 'Nice' person; Kara is for a 'Car' (or place) far away.
视觉联想
Imagine handing a gift to a person (Ni) and receiving a package from a distant factory (Kara).
Rhyme
For people use ni, for places use kara, it's as simple as a guitar.
Story
I asked my friend (Ni) for a pen. He gave it to me. Then I went to the store (Kara) and got a map. Both were easy to get.
Word Web
挑战
Write 5 sentences: 3 about people you know and 2 about places you visit.
文化笔记
Using {に|ni} shows respect and personal connection.
Particles evolved from ancient Japanese case markers.
对话开场白
{誰|だれ}に{プレゼント|ぷれぜんと}をもらいましたか?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
{大学|だいがく}___ {卒業証书|そつぎょうしょうしょ}を{貰|もら}いました。
选择正确的句子:
Find and fix the mistake:
{母|はは}から{花|はな}をあげました。
Score: /3
练习题
8 exercises友達 ___ 本をもらいました。
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
先生から本をもらいました。(Make it more personal)
本 / もらいました / 友達 / に
Person vs Place
銀行 ___ お金をもらいました。
母 ___ 料理を教わりました。
政府 ___ 支援をもらいました。
Score: /8
Practice Bank
5 exercises{亲友|しんゆう}___メッセージを{貰|もら}った。
我收到了公司发来的邮件。
{貰|もら}った / {佐藤|さとう}さん / を / に / お{土産|みやげ}
连连看:
选择最合适的句子:
Score: /5
常见问题 (8)
Yes, but it sounds more distant or formal.
Use {に|ni} to personify the pet.
Mostly, yes, in the context of receiving.
{で|de} is for the location of the event, not the source.
Yes, very common for receiving documents or feedback.
Use {から|kara} for groups/organizations.
The particle remains, but the verb might change.
It's a common stumbling block, but easy to master with practice.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
de
Japanese distinguishes based on humanity.
de
Japanese distinguishes based on humanity.
von
Japanese distinguishes based on humanity.
ni/kara
N/A
min
Japanese distinguishes based on humanity.
cong
Japanese distinguishes based on humanity.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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