A2 Giving & Receiving 6 min read 简单

从人那里领受 vs. 从机构领受(Ni vs. Kara)

记人时多用 «に»,记机构或强调来源时用 «から»。看,就这么简单!

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use {に|ni} for people and {から|kara} for places or organizations when receiving something.

  • Use {に|ni} when receiving from a person: {友達|ともだち}に{本|ほん}をもらった。
  • Use {から|kara} when receiving from a place or institution: {学校|がっこう}から{手紙|てがみ}が{届|とど}いた。
  • You can use {から|kara} for people too, but {に|ni} is more specific for personal interaction.
Person + に + Item + を + もらう / Place + から + Item + を + もらう

Overview

Ever felt like your Japanese sentences are a bit stiff when you're talking about that birthday gift or a DM you received? You probably learned that is the go-to particle for targets, but then から shows up and crashes the party. When we talk about giving and receiving in Japanese—especially with the verb 貰う(もら) (to receive)—these two particles often step into the same shoes.
But they aren't twins. Choosing between them is like choosing between a high-five and a formal handshake. One feels personal and warm, while the other feels like a transaction or a formal delivery.
Understanding this isn't just about passing a test; it’s about sounding like a real human who knows the difference between a gift from a bestie and a package from Amazon. In this guide, we’re going to untangle the web of versus から so you can express gratitude without sounding like a robot. Plus, we'll look at why you should almost never use から with certain verbs unless you want to sound very, very strange.
Let's get your Japanese sounding as natural as your favorite Netflix sub.

How This Grammar Works

In the world of Japanese giving and receiving (授受動詞(じゅじゅどうし)), the direction of the action is everything. When you receive something (貰う(もら)う), you are the star of the sentence. The person or place that gave it to you is the source. Usually, you mark that source with .
However, から (meaning from) can also mark that source. So, what's the deal? Think of as a direct, personal connection.
It's like a thread tied directly from the giver to you. から, on the other hand, emphasizes the starting point or the origin. It’s the point A in a
Point A to Point B
journey.
While they are often interchangeable when the giver is a person, から becomes the MVP when the giver is an institution, like a company, a school, or a government office. You wouldn't say you received a scholarship at a school; you received it from the school. Also, から helps avoid confusion when your sentence is already getting crowded with too many particles.
Nobody likes a sentence that sounds like a skipping CD.

Formation Pattern

1
Identify the Receiver: Usually you (私|わたし) or someone in your in-group.
2
Identify the Giver/Source: The person or organization providing the item.
3
Choose the Particle: Use for individuals you have a personal relationship with. Use から for organizations, distant sources, or when you want to emphasize the flow of the item.
4
Add the Object: The thing being received, followed by .
5
The Verb: Use 貰う(もら) (casual) or 頂く(いただく) (humble/polite).
6
Pattern A (Personal): [Giver] [Object] 貰う(もら)
7
Pattern B (Source/Institutional): [Giver/Source] から [Object] 貰う(もら)

When To Use It

Use when you’re talking about your inner circle. Think of your friends, your family, or your partner. It implies a direct, face-to-face handoff. If your crush gives you a 手紙(てがみ) (letter), feels much more intimate and natural. It’s the warm particle.
Use から when the giver is an organization. If you received an email from Netflix, a package from Amazon, or a diploma from your university, から is your best friend. It sounds weird to use for a building or a faceless corporation.
Use から also when you want to emphasize the distance. If you received a postcard from a long-lost relative in another country, から highlights the long journey that postcard took.
Modern Tip: When you're talking about digital things—like getting a DM, a follow, or a link—から is becoming super common. It treats the digital handle as a source.
I got a reply から my favorite streamer!

Common Mistakes

The absolute biggest No-No is trying to use から with 上げる(あげる) (to give) or 呉れる(くれる) (to give to me). These verbs specifically require to mark the receiver. You give *to* someone (), you don't give *from* someone. If you say 友達からプレゼントをあげた, you’re basically saying
I gave a gift from my friend,
which makes it sound like you stole your friend's gift to give it to someone else!
Another mistake is using for non-human givers. Saying 会社にボーナスをもらった (I received a bonus to/at the company) sounds like the company is a person you're dating. Keep it professional with から.
Finally, don't forget the hierarchy. If you receive something from a teacher or a boss, you should use から or with the humble verb 頂く(いただく). Using 貰う(もら) with から for your CEO might make you look a bit too casual for your own good. Just because the particle is flexible doesn't mean the verb is!

Contrast With Similar Patterns

How does this differ from the basic から (from/because) or (to/at)? In the context of 貰う(もら)う, they are specifically marking the agent of the action.
  • vs : marks who gave it, while marks where you were when you got it. デパートでもらった means you got it *at* the department store (maybe a free sample), but doesn't specify who gave it.
  • から vs より: In very formal writing or old-school letters, you might see より instead of から. It’s like the fancy tuxedo version of から. Unless you're writing a formal speech or a wedding invitation, stick to から.
  • vs : Never mix these up here. is for the item (the shiny new iPhone), and に/から is for the person who’s now poorer because they bought it for you.
  • くれる vs もらう: Remember, with くれる, the giver is the subject (). With もらう, you are the subject. This changes which particle you use for the other person! With くれる, the person who receives (you) is always .

Quick FAQ

Q

Can I always use から for people?

Yes, it’s grammatically correct, but it can sound a bit distanced or objective. If it's your mom, is better.

Q

What if I receive an email from a person?

You can use either! if you're focusing on the person, から if you're focusing on the email coming out of their account.

Q

Is から more polite?

Not necessarily. Politeness comes from the verb (もらう vs いただく). から is just more source-oriented.

Q

Can I use から with あげる?

No! Never. あげる always uses for the receiver.

Q

Why do I hear から so much in anime?

It often adds drama or emphasizes that something came from a specific, important source (like a legendary hero or a villain).

Particle Selection Table

Source Type Particle Example Nuance
Person
{友達|ともだち}に
Personal/Warm
Place
から
{学校|がっこう}から
Origin/Distance
Organization
から
{会社|かいしゃ}から
Formal/Official
Group
から
{チーム|ちーむ}から
Collective
Pet/Animal
{犬|いぬ}に
Personification
Machine/System
から
{機械|きかい}から
Technical

Meanings

These particles indicate the source of an action or object. {に|ni} marks a specific personal target/source, while {から|kara} marks a point of origin.

1

Personal Source

Receiving from a specific individual.

“{母|はは}に{料理|りょうり}を{教|おし}えてもらった。”

“{彼|かれ}に{花|はな}をもらった。”

2

Institutional/Spatial Source

Receiving from a non-human entity or location.

“{会社|かいしゃ}から{給料|きゅうりょう}をもらう。”

“{図書館|としょかん}から{本|ほん}を{借|か}りる。”

Reference Table

Reference table for 从人那里领受 vs. 从机构领受(Ni vs. Kara)
动词 助词(给/收者) 语感 场景举例
{貰う|もら}う
`に`
个人、直接、亲近
收到好朋友的礼物
{貰う|もら}う
`から`
机构、强调来源
收到大学的奖学金
{頂く|いただく}
`から/に`
谦逊、非常礼貌
收到教授的礼物
{上げる|あげる}
`に` (接收者)
方向性(给到某人)
给弟弟妹妹礼物
{呉れる|くれる}
`に` (接收者/我)
方向性(给我)
别人给我饮料
{貰う|もら}う (数字信息)
`から`
信息流向
收到粉丝的私信

正式程度

正式
{友人|ゆうじん}に{贈り物|おくりもの}をいただきました。

{友人|ゆうじん}に{贈り物|おくりもの}をいただきました。 (Gift giving)

中性
{友達|ともだち}に{プレゼント|ぷれぜんと}をもらいました。

{友達|ともだち}に{プレゼント|ぷれぜんと}をもらいました。 (Gift giving)

非正式
{友達|ともだち}に{プレゼント|ぷれぜんと}もらった。

{友達|ともだち}に{プレゼント|ぷれぜんと}もらった。 (Gift giving)

俚语
友達からプレゼントもらったよ。

友達からプレゼントもらったよ。 (Gift giving)

选择 に 还是 から

{貰う|もら}う

什么时候用 に...

  • {友達|ともだち} 朋友
  • {家族|かぞく} 家人

什么时候用 から...

  • {学校|がっこう} 学校
  • {会社|かいしゃ} 公司

助词语感检查

に (个人感)
{彼|かれ}に{本|ほん}を{貰|もら}った 从他那收到书 (亲近)
から (来源感)
Amazonから{届|とど}いた 从亚马逊收到 (来源)

决策流程:用 に 还是 から?

1

给的人是机构(学校、办公室)吗?

YES
用 から
NO
进入下一个问题
2

是个人朋友或家人吗?

YES
用 に (或用 から 强调来源)
NO ↓

动词及其对应的助词

🎁

接收 (に/から 都可以)

  • {貰う|もら}う
  • {いただく|いただく}
  • {借|借}りる
🤝

给予 (只能用 に)

  • {上げる|あげる}
  • {くれる|くれる}
  • {贷|贷}す

按水平分级的例句

1

{友達|ともだち}に{本|ほん}をもらいました。

I received a book from a friend.

2

{学校|がっこう}から{手紙|てがみ}をもらいました。

I received a letter from school.

3

{先生|せんせい}に{ペン|ぺん}をもらいました。

I received a pen from the teacher.

4

{店|みせ}から{クーポン|くーぽん}をもらいました。

I received a coupon from the shop.

1

{誰|だれ}に{お土産|おみやげ}をもらいましたか?

From whom did you receive the souvenir?

2

{会社|かいしゃ}から{連絡|れんらく}が{来|く}ました。

I received contact from the company.

3

{母|はは}に{料理|りょうり}を{教|おし}えてもらいました。

I had my mother teach me cooking.

4

{銀行|ぎんこう}から{書類|しょるい}が{届|とど}きました。

Documents arrived from the bank.

1

{彼|かれ}に{相談|そうだん}に{乗|の}ってもらいました。

I had him listen to my consultation.

2

{市役所|しやくしょ}から{許可|きょか}をもらいました。

I received permission from the city office.

3

{先輩|せんぱい}に{仕事|しごと}を{手伝|てつだ}ってもらいました。

I had my senior help me with work.

4

{大学|だいがく}から{奨学金|しょうがくきん}をもらいました。

I received a scholarship from the university.

1

{専門家|せんもんか}に{意見|いけん}を{聞|き}かせてもらいました。

I had the expert share their opinion with me.

2

{政府|せいふ}から{支援|しえん}をもらいました。

I received support from the government.

3

{友人|ゆうじん}に{車|くるま}を{貸|か}してもらいました。

I had my friend lend me their car.

4

{団体|だんたい}から{寄付|きふ}をもらいました。

I received a donation from the organization.

1

{恩師|おんし}に{助言|じょげん}を{仰|あお}ぎました。

I sought advice from my mentor.

2

{本部|ほんぶ}から{指示|しじ}を{受|う}けました。

I received instructions from headquarters.

3

{家族|かぞく}に{支|ささ}えてもらいました。

I was supported by my family.

4

{機関|きかん}から{承認|しょうにん}をもらいました。

I received approval from the institution.

1

{知人|ちじん}に{紹介|しょうかい}してもらいました。

I had an acquaintance introduce me.

2

{当局|とうきょく}から{通達|つうたつ}をもらいました。

I received a notification from the authorities.

3

{恋人|こいびと}に{花|はな}を{贈|おく}ってもらいました。

I had my lover send me flowers.

4

{協会|きょうかい}から{認定|にんてい}をもらいました。

I received certification from the association.

容易混淆

Receiving from People vs. Places (Ni vs. Kara) 对比 Ni vs De

Both can appear with locations.

常见错误

{会社|かいしゃ}に{手紙|てがみ}をもらった

{会社|かいしゃ}から{手紙|てがみ}をもらった

Companies are not people.

{友達|ともだち}から{本|ほん}をもらった

{友達|ともだち}に{本|ほん}をもらった

While not strictly wrong, {に|ni} is better for friends.

{先生|せんせい}から{教|おし}えてもらった

{先生|せんせい}に{教|おし}えてもらった

Teachers are people.

{政府|せいふ}に{支援|しえん}をもらった

{政府|せいふ}から{支援|しえん}をもらった

Government is an institution.

句型

___に___をもらいました。

Real World Usage

Texting very common

友達に返事もらった!

Business Email very common

会社から連絡をいただきました。

Travel common

駅で地図をもらいました。

Shopping common

店からクーポンをもらった。

Job Interview common

面接の結果をいただきました。

Classroom common

先生にアドバイスをもらいました。

🎯

“双 に” 规则

如果句子里已经有了一个 (比如表示时间),那就用 から 来指代给的人,避免重复: «3時に田中さんから電話を貰った。»
⚠️

别对接收者用 “From”

あげる(给)的时候,永远用 。你是给“到”某人,不是“从”某人: «友達にプレゼントをあげた。»
💬

职场社交距离

在公司里,用 から 会显得更专业,因为它把公司看作一个正式的整体: «会社からメールを貰った。»

Smart Tips

Always reach for {に|ni} first.

友達から本をもらった。 友達に本をもらった。

Always reach for {から|kara}.

会社に連絡をもらった。 会社から連絡をもらった。

Think: Is this a human?

先生から本をもらった。 先生に本をもらった。

Use {から|kara} for institutions.

大学に許可をもらった。 大学から許可をもらった。

发音

ni / ka-ra

Particle intonation

Particles are usually unstressed.

Question

〜か?

Rising pitch at the end.

记住它

记忆技巧

Ni is for a 'Nice' person; Kara is for a 'Car' (or place) far away.

视觉联想

Imagine handing a gift to a person (Ni) and receiving a package from a distant factory (Kara).

Rhyme

For people use ni, for places use kara, it's as simple as a guitar.

Story

I asked my friend (Ni) for a pen. He gave it to me. Then I went to the store (Kara) and got a map. Both were easy to get.

Word Web

{もらう|morau}{に|ni}{から|kara}{人|ひと}{場所|ばしょ}{会社|かいしゃ}

挑战

Write 5 sentences: 3 about people you know and 2 about places you visit.

文化笔记

Using {に|ni} shows respect and personal connection.

Particles evolved from ancient Japanese case markers.

对话开场白

{誰|だれ}に{プレゼント|ぷれぜんと}をもらいましたか?

日记主题

Write about a gift you received recently.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确

Test Yourself

在空格处填入最自然的助词。

{大学|だいがく}___ {卒業証书|そつぎょうしょうしょ}を{貰|もら}いました。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: から
因为大学是一个机构/组织,所以用 'から' 来表示来源最自然。
给朋友送礼物时,哪句话是正确的? 多项选择

选择正确的句子:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {友達|ともだち}にプレゼントをあげた。
使用动词 'あげる'(给)时,接收者必须用 'に' 标记。'から' 是用来表示“从...收到”。
找出并修正错误。 Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

{母|はは}から{花|はな}をあげました。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {母|はは}に{花|はな}をあげました。
如果你想表达“我送花给母亲”,必须在 'あげました' 前使用 'に'。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the correct particle.

友達 ___ 本をもらいました。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Friend is a person.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 会社から手紙をもらった
Company is a place/institution.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

先生から本をもらいました。(Make it more personal)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 先生に本をもらいました
Teachers are people.
Order the words. Sentence Building

本 / もらいました / 友達 / に

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 友達に本をもらいました
Correct word order.
Match source to particle. Match Pairs

Person vs Place

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Person: に, Place: から
Basic rule.
Choose the best particle. 多项选择

銀行 ___ お金をもらいました。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: から
Bank is an institution.
Fill in the blank.

母 ___ 料理を教わりました。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Mother is a person.
Choose the best particle. 多项选择

政府 ___ 支援をもらいました。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: から
Government is an institution.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

5 exercises
填入空格。 填空

{亲友|しんゆう}___メッセージを{貰|もら}った。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
翻译成日语。 翻译

我收到了公司发来的邮件。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {会社|かいしゃ}からメールを{貰|もら}いました。
重新排序单词。 Sentence Reorder

{貰|もら}った / {佐藤|さとう}さん / を / に / お{土産|みやげ}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {佐藤|さとう}さんに お{土産|みやげ}を {貰|もら}った。
将助词与对应的语感匹配。 Match Pairs

连连看:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: に - 个人/亲近
收到名人的私信,哪种说法更自然? 多项选择

选择最合适的句子:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {有名人|ゆうめいじん}からDMを{貰|もら}った!

Score: /5

常见问题 (8)

Yes, but it sounds more distant or formal.

Use {に|ni} to personify the pet.

Mostly, yes, in the context of receiving.

{で|de} is for the location of the event, not the source.

Yes, very common for receiving documents or feedback.

Use {から|kara} for groups/organizations.

The particle remains, but the verb might change.

It's a common stumbling block, but easy to master with practice.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish low

de

Japanese distinguishes based on humanity.

French low

de

Japanese distinguishes based on humanity.

German low

von

Japanese distinguishes based on humanity.

Japanese high

ni/kara

N/A

Arabic low

min

Japanese distinguishes based on humanity.

Chinese low

cong

Japanese distinguishes based on humanity.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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