tand 30秒了解
- Tand means tooth in Dutch; it is a 'de-word' with the plural form 'tanden'.
- It refers primarily to front teeth, while 'kies' refers to molars in the back.
- Commonly used in daily routines like 'tanden poetsen' (brushing teeth) and dentist visits.
- Appears in many idioms like 'een tandje bijzetten' (work harder) and 'mond vol tanden' (speechless).
The Dutch word tand refers to a tooth, the hard, calcified structure found in the jaws of many vertebrates, used for breaking down food. In a literal sense, it is one of the most basic nouns a learner encounters, typically at the A1 level. However, its utility extends far beyond biological descriptions. In Dutch culture, dental hygiene is highly emphasized, making the word a staple in daily routines. You will hear it every morning and evening when parents tell their children to brush their teeth. Beyond anatomy, 'tand' serves as a building block for various metaphors related to age, strength, and persistence. For instance, the 'tand des tijds' (the tooth of time) refers to the wearing effect of time on objects or people. When you look at the physical object, a tand is more than just bone; it is a symbol of health and vitality.
- Anatomical Use
- Used to describe the individual units of the dentition. In Dutch, we distinguish between 'tanden' (front teeth/incisors) and 'kiezen' (molars), though 'tanden' is often used colloquially for the whole set.
- Mechanical Use
- Refers to the 'teeth' of a gear (tandwiel) or a saw, highlighting the jagged, functional shape.
De baby krijgt zijn eerste tand.
In social settings, mentioning a tand might occur during a visit to the 'tandarts' (dentist). The Dutch are known for their directness, so if you have something stuck in your teeth, a friend might simply say, 'Je hebt iets tussen je tanden.' This directness extends to idioms where 'tanden laten zien' (showing teeth) means to show one's strength or to threaten. Understanding the word requires recognizing its role in both the physical world and the figurative Dutch landscape. Whether you are discussing biology, mechanics, or time's passage, this small word carries significant weight in the Dutch vocabulary.
Ik moet naar de tandarts omdat mijn tand pijn doet.
- Biological Context
- Human teeth consist of enamel, dentin, and pulp. In Dutch: glazuur, tandbeen, and pulpa.
De haai verloor een tand tijdens de jacht.
Using the word tand correctly involves understanding its grammatical gender and how it pairs with adjectives and verbs. Since 'tand' is a masculine/feminine noun (de-word), adjectives preceding it usually take an '-e' ending, such as 'de witte tand' (the white tooth). In plural form, 'tanden' is used, and it is very common to hear 'je tanden poetsen' (brushing your teeth). When discussing dental health, verbs like 'trekken' (to pull/extract) or 'vullen' (to fill) are frequently paired with 'tand'. For example, 'De tandarts moet een tand trekken' (The dentist has to pull a tooth). This illustrates the practical, everyday application of the word in a medical or self-care context.
- Possessive Usage
- When talking about your own teeth, always use 'mijn tanden'. Dutch does not use the definite article for body parts in the same way some Romance languages do; 'ik poets de tanden' would sound like you are brushing someone else's teeth.
Vergeet niet je tanden te poetsen voor het slapengaan.
In more advanced sentence structures, 'tand' appears in compound words. A 'tandpasta' (toothpaste) or 'tandenborstel' (toothbrush) are essential nouns for any learner. Note the 'en' in 'tandenborstel', which is the linking phoneme for the plural form. Furthermore, the word can be used metaphorically in sentences like 'Hij zette zijn tanden in het project' (He sank his teeth into the project), meaning he started working on it with great dedication. This versatility makes 'tand' a vital part of both basic and idiomatic Dutch. Whether you are describing a physical sensation or a level of commitment, the word adapts to the intensity of the sentence.
Zij heeft een gaatje in haar tand.
De hond liet zijn tanden zien aan de indringer.
The word tand is ubiquitous in the Netherlands and Belgium, appearing in various domains from the mundane to the professional. Most commonly, you will encounter it in the bathroom during family routines. Parents frequently ask, 'Heb je je tanden al gepoetst?' (Have you already brushed your teeth?). This phrase is likely the most common use of the word in a domestic setting. In the public sphere, 'de tandarts' (the dentist) is a central figure in Dutch life, as regular check-ups are culturally expected and highly encouraged by insurance companies. You will see signs for 'Tandartspraktijk' (Dental Practice) in almost every neighborhood.
- At the Dentist
- You will hear technical terms like 'tandsteen' (tartar), 'tandvlees' (gums), and 'tanderosie' (tooth erosion). The hygienist might say, 'Uw tandvlees ziet er gezond uit.'
Ik heb een afspraak bij de tandarts voor een controle van mijn tanden.
In the media and literature, 'tand' often appears in more evocative contexts. News reports might discuss the 'tandeloze' (toothless) enforcement of a law, meaning the law lacks the power to be effective. In sports commentary, you might hear that a team needs to 'een tandje bijzetten' (to step it up a notch/to shift up a gear). This mechanical metaphor comes from the idea of engaging a different gear on a bicycle—a very Dutch concept! Whether you are at home, in a clinic, or watching a football match, 'tand' and its derivatives are constantly present, reflecting the language's blend of practical health concerns and colorful idiomatic expressions.
We moeten een tandje bijzetten om de deadline te halen.
For English speakers, the word tand seems straightforward because it is a cognate of 'tooth'. However, several pitfalls exist. The most frequent mistake is using 'tand' to refer to molars. In English, we call everything in the mouth a 'tooth', but Dutch makes a sharp distinction between 'tanden' (incisors/canines) and 'kiezen' (molars). If you tell a dentist 'mijn tand doet pijn' while pointing to the back of your mouth, they will understand, but it marks you as a non-native speaker. Another common error involves the plural form. While 'tooth' becomes 'teeth', 'tand' follows the standard Dutch pluralization rule of adding '-en', becoming 'tanden'. Do not try to change the vowel like in English!
- Pronunciation Error
- English speakers often try to pronounce the 'd' at the end of 'tand' as a voiced 'd'. In Dutch, a final 'd' is always pronounced as a 't'. It should sound like 'tant'.
- Article Confusion
- New learners often use 'het' instead of 'de'. Remember: 'De tand', 'De tanden'.
Incorrect: Ik heb witte tands.
Correct: Ik heb witte tanden.
Additionally, learners often struggle with the prepositional phrases. In English, we say 'on my teeth', but in Dutch, it is often 'aan' or 'tussen'. For example, 'Er zit iets tussen mijn tanden' (There is something between my teeth). Using the wrong preposition can make the sentence sound clunky. Finally, be careful with the idiom 'met de mond vol tanden staan'. English speakers might translate it literally and lose the meaning, which is 'to be at a loss for words'. If you use it literally to mean your mouth is full of teeth, people will be very confused, as everyone's mouth is (hopefully) full of teeth!
Toen hij die vraag stelde, stond ik met een mond vol tanden.
To speak Dutch naturally, you must know the family of words surrounding tand. The most important distinction is between a 'tand' and a 'kies'. While English uses 'tooth' for both, Dutch uses 'tand' for the twelve teeth in the front (incisors and canines) and 'kies' for the molars in the back. If you have a 'gaatje' (cavity), it is more likely to be in a 'kies' than a 'tand'. Another related term is 'gebit', which refers to the entire set of teeth or a set of dentures. If someone has 'een vals gebit', they have false teeth.
- Tand vs. Kies
- 'Tand' is sharp or flat (front); 'Kies' is broad and used for grinding (back). Use 'kiespijn' for a toothache in the back.
- Hoektand
- Literally 'corner tooth', this is the Dutch word for a canine tooth.
Mijn hoektand is erg scherp.
In a more technical or formal context, you might encounter 'gebitselement', which is the professional term for a single tooth or molar. For animals, specifically predators, the word 'slagtand' is used for tusks or large fangs (like those of an elephant or a walrus). In mechanical contexts, 'tand' is often replaced by 'nok' (cam) or 'tanding' (serration) depending on the specific machinery. Knowing these alternatives allows you to be much more precise in your descriptions. For example, saying 'Ik heb kiespijn' is much more common and accurate than saying 'Ik heb pijn aan mijn tand' if the pain is in the back of your mouth.
De olifant heeft twee grote slagtanden.
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The Dutch word 'tand' and the English 'tooth' look different but are 'cognates', meaning they share the same ancestor. The 'd' in Dutch often corresponds to the 'th' in English.
发音指南
- Pronouncing the final 'd' as a 'd' instead of a 't'.
- Using an English 'a' sound (like in 'tan') instead of the Dutch 'a'.
- Making the word two syllables.
- Softening the final 't' sound too much.
- Confusing the vowel with the 'u' in 'tunt'.
难度评级
Very easy to recognize as it is close to 'tooth' and 'Zahn'.
Easy, but remember the plural -en and the final 'd'.
Final devoicing (d sounds like t) is the only minor hurdle.
Clear sound, usually easy to distinguish in context.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Final Devoicing
The 'd' in 'tand' is pronounced as 't'.
Pluralization -en
'Tand' becomes 'tanden'.
De-word gender
It is 'de tand', not 'het tand'.
Linking -en in compounds
'Tandenborstel' uses the plural form as a prefix.
Diminutive -je
'Tand' becomes 'tandje'.
按水平分级的例句
Ik poets mijn tanden.
I brush my teeth.
Plural of tand is tanden.
De tand is wit.
The tooth is white.
De-word.
De baby heeft één tand.
The baby has one tooth.
Singular use.
Ik heb een tandenborstel.
I have a toothbrush.
Compound word with plural 'tanden'.
Mijn tand doet pijn.
My tooth hurts.
Subject-verb agreement.
De tandarts is aardig.
The dentist is nice.
Profession noun.
Hij heeft sterke tanden.
He has strong teeth.
Adjective 'sterke' with plural noun.
Waar is de tandpasta?
Where is the toothpaste?
Interrogative sentence.
Ik moet een gaatje in mijn tand laten vullen.
I need to have a cavity in my tooth filled.
Infinitive construction.
De hond laat zijn tanden zien.
The dog shows its teeth.
Possessive 'zijn'.
Zij poetst haar tanden twee keer per dag.
She brushes her teeth twice a day.
Frequency adverb.
Mijn kleine broertje heeft een losse tand.
My little brother has a loose tooth.
Adjective ending -e.
Er zit een stukje appel tussen mijn tanden.
There is a piece of apple between my teeth.
Preposition 'tussen'.
De haai heeft heel veel tanden.
The shark has a lot of teeth.
Quantifier 'veel'.
Ik gebruik elke dag flosdraad voor mijn tanden.
I use dental floss for my teeth every day.
Direct object.
De tandarts trekt een melktand.
The dentist pulls a baby tooth.
Specific noun 'melktand'.
We moeten een tandje bijzetten om de wedstrijd te winnen.
We need to step it up a notch to win the match.
Idiomatic diminutive.
Hij stond met een mond vol tanden toen zij hem de waarheid vertelde.
He was speechless when she told him the truth.
Prepositional idiom.
Mijn tandvlees is een beetje ontstoken.
My gums are a bit inflamed.
Compound 'tandvlees'.
Het tandwiel van mijn fiets is kapot.
The gear of my bicycle is broken.
Mechanical context.
De tandarts adviseerde om minder suiker te eten voor gezonde tanden.
The dentist advised eating less sugar for healthy teeth.
Indirect speech.
Ik heb last van tandsteen.
I suffer from tartar.
Noun 'tandsteen'.
Zij zet haar tanden in de nieuwe opdracht.
She is sinking her teeth into the new assignment.
Metaphorical use.
De melktanden vallen uit als kinderen ongeveer zes jaar oud zijn.
Baby teeth fall out when children are about six years old.
Plural compound noun.
Het gebouw heeft de tand des tijds goed doorstaan.
The building has withstood the test of time well.
Genitive expression.
De overheid voert een tandeloos beleid tegen klimaatverandering.
The government is implementing a toothless policy against climate change.
Adjective 'tandeloos'.
Hij is tot de tanden gewapend met argumenten.
He is armed to the teeth with arguments.
Idiomatic phrase.
De tandartsassistente reinigt de tanden grondig.
The dental assistant cleans the teeth thoroughly.
Adverb 'grondig'.
Tanderosie wordt vaak veroorzaakt door zure dranken.
Tooth erosion is often caused by acidic drinks.
Passive voice.
Zij lachte blootvoets en liet haar parelwitte tanden zien.
She laughed barefoot and showed her pearly white teeth.
Descriptive adjectives.
De wolf toonde zijn tanden als waarschuwing.
The wolf showed its teeth as a warning.
Reflexive/Possessive.
Het mechanisme werkt met kleine tandjes.
The mechanism works with small teeth (gears).
Diminutive plural.
De tand des tijds knaagt aan de oude monumenten.
The tooth of time gnaws at the old monuments.
Personification.
Het was een tand-om-tand-vergelding in het politieke debat.
It was a tooth-for-a-tooth retaliation in the political debate.
Compound idiom.
Zijn kritiek was scherp en sneed als een tand door het papier.
His criticism was sharp and cut like a tooth through paper.
Simile.
De archeoloog vond een versteende tand van een mammoet.
The archaeologist found a fossilized tooth of a mammoth.
Scientific context.
De organisatie mist de tanden om echt in te grijpen.
The organization lacks the teeth to really intervene.
Metaphor for power.
Het kind wisselt zijn tanden, wat een mijlpaal is.
The child is losing his baby teeth, which is a milestone.
Verb 'wisselen'.
De tanding van het mes zorgt voor een betere grip.
The serration of the knife provides a better grip.
Technical noun 'tanding'.
Hij heeft zich met hand en tand verzet tegen de plannen.
He resisted the plans with hand and tooth (tooth and nail).
Fixed expression.
De tandheelkundige ingreep was complexer dan aanvankelijk gedacht.
The dental procedure was more complex than initially thought.
Adjective 'tandheelkundig'.
De evolutie van de menselijke tand weerspiegelt ons dieet.
The evolution of the human tooth reflects our diet.
Academic subject.
In de diepte van de grot vonden ze de sabeltand van een tijger.
In the depths of the cave, they found the saber tooth of a tiger.
Compound 'sabeltand'.
Het juridische systeem bleek een tandeloze tijger te zijn.
The legal system turned out to be a toothless tiger.
Advanced metaphor.
De slijtage aan de tanden duidde op een leven van ontbering.
The wear on the teeth indicated a life of hardship.
Formal analysis.
Zijn betoog miste elke vorm van tanden; het was louter retoriek.
His plea lacked any form of teeth; it was mere rhetoric.
Abstract metaphor.
De overbrenging geschiedt via een conisch tandwiel.
The transmission occurs via a conical gear.
Technical engineering Dutch.
De finesses van het tandglazuur zijn cruciaal voor de bescherming.
The finesses of the tooth enamel are crucial for protection.
High-level biological Dutch.
常见搭配
常用短语
— The dentist. The most common professional associated with teeth.
Ik heb een afspraak bij de tandarts.
— Toothbrush. The tool used for cleaning teeth.
Mijn tandenborstel is aan vervanging toe.
— Wisdom tooth. Note the use of 'kies' instead of 'tand'.
Mijn verstandskies komt door.
容易混淆的词
Sounds slightly similar but means 'key' (on a keyboard) or 'test'.
Means 'aunt'; beginners sometimes mix up the sounds.
Another mouth part (tongue), starts with 't'.
习语与表达
— To be speechless or at a loss for words.
Toen hij dat zei, stond ik met de mond vol tanden.
informal/neutral— To increase effort or work harder.
We moeten een tandje bijzetten om de deadline te halen.
informal— The ravages of time; the way time decays things.
Het schilderij heeft de tand des tijds niet goed doorstaan.
formal/literary— To tackle a task with great energy and determination.
Ik ga mijn tanden in dit nieuwe project zetten.
informal/neutral— To be extremely well prepared or heavily armed.
De advocaat was tot de tanden gewapend met bewijsmateriaal.
neutral— To question someone thoroughly or interrogate them.
De politie voelde de verdachte flink aan de tand.
neutral— With everything one has; tooth and nail.
Zij verdedigde haar mening met hand en tand.
neutral— To eat something reluctantly or with little appetite.
Hij at de spruitjes met een lange tand.
informal— To show one's strength or to threaten.
De vakbond liet zijn tanden zien tijdens de onderhandelingen.
neutral— An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth; proportional retaliation.
In die oude wet gold: oog om oog, tand om tand.
formal容易混淆
Both are teeth.
Tand is fron
句型
Ik heb [number] tanden.
Ik heb dertig tanden.
Mijn [noun] doet pijn.
Mijn tand doet pijn.
Het is tijd om [verb].
Het is tijd om tanden te poetsen.
Hij stond met [idiom].
Hij stond met een mond vol tanden.
Ondanks [noun], [verb].
Ondanks de tand des tijds, bleef het gebouw staan.
De tand is [adjective].
De tand is wit.
Vergeet je [noun] niet.
Vergeet je tandenborstel niet.
Zij zet haar tanden in [noun].
Zij zet haar tanden in het werk.
词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
如何使用
Very common in daily life and medical contexts.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of a 'Tand' as a 'Tusk' but smaller. Both start with 'T' and are hard parts of the mouth.
视觉联想
Imagine a giant 'T' shape made out of shiny white teeth.
Word Web
挑战
Try to say 'De tandarts poetst de tanden' five times fast without making the 'd' sound like a 'd'.
词源
Derived from the Proto-Germanic *tanths, which also gave rise to the English 'tooth' and German 'Zahn'. It shares an Indo-European root *dent-.
原始含义： The original meaning has always been 'tooth', referring to the biting organ.
Germanic branch of the Indo-European family.文化背景
Be careful when commenting on someone's teeth in the Netherlands; while direct, it can still be a sensitive topic if related to hygiene.
Similar to English culture, but Dutch people are more likely to visit the dentist for preventive care twice a year.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Bathroom routine
- Tanden poetsen
- Tandpasta op de borstel
- Mond spoelen
- Flossen
Dentist visit
- Ik heb tandpijn
- Controle van het gebit
- Een gaatje vullen
- Tandsteen verwijderen
Bicycle repair
- Het tandwiel is versleten
- De ketting loopt over de tanden
- Een tandje overslaan
- Smeren van de tanden
Describing people
- Een stralende lach
- Scheve tanden
- Een spleetje tussen de tanden
- Hazentanden
Idiomatic speech
- Een tandje bijzetten
- Met de mond vol tanden
- Hand en tand
- Aan de tand voelen
对话开场白
"Hoe vaak per dag poets jij je tanden?"
"Ben je bang voor de tandarts?"
"Heb je wel eens een tand gebroken?"
"Wat vind je van tanden bleken?"
"Wanneer heb je voor het laatst een tandje bijgezet op je werk?"
日记主题
Beschrijf je ochtendroutine en hoe je je tanden verzorgt.
Schrijf over een keer dat je met de mond vol tanden stond.
Wat vind je van de traditie van de tandenfee?
Stel je voor dat je een tandarts bent; hoe zou je dag eruitzien?
Waarom is een gezond gebit belangrijk voor je zelfvertrouwen?
Summary
The word 'tand' is a fundamental Dutch noun for 'tooth'. Use 'de tand' for singular and 'de tanden' for plural. Remember to distinguish between 'tand' (front) and 'kies' (back) for natural-sounding Dutch. Example: 'Ik poets mijn tanden' (I brush my teeth).
- Tand means tooth in Dutch; it is a 'de-word' with the plural form 'tanden'.
- It refers primarily to front teeth, while 'kies' refers to molars in the back.
- Commonly used in daily routines like 'tanden poetsen' (brushing teeth) and dentist visits.
- Appears in many idioms like 'een tandje bijzetten' (work harder) and 'mond vol tanden' (speechless).
相关内容
相关表达
更多health词汇
aandoening
B2a medical condition or illness
arm
A1手臂 (名词): 人体的上肢。例如：他挥动着手臂。
arts
A1arts 是指医生，即从事医疗工作、治疗病人的人。
been
A11. 腿。我的腿很酸。 2. 骨头。狗在啃骨头。
behandelen
B1To deal with a topic or treat a patient.
behandeling
B1这项医疗治疗非常昂贵。
benen
A2Plural of leg, the parts of the body used for walking
bewegen
A2To change position or go from one place to another
bril
B1Glasses for vision correction.
chronisch
C1Persisting for a long time or constantly recurring
